• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.54-70
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• 1998

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of structural and functional changes of the brain in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Methods : The authors measured the regions of interest on the magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in 20 patients with paranoid schizophrenia(15 men and 5 women) and 23 control subjects(15 men and 8 women). We also assessed the neurocognitive functions with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Benton Neuropsychological Assessment, and the Weschler IQ test-Korean version, soft neurologic signs, and psychiatric symptoms in the patient group. Results : In the patient group, all ventricles and basal ganglia including caudate nucleus and globus pallidus were significantly enlarged. Although there were no significant differences between the two groups in the values of right frontal lobe and left temporal lobe, there was a tendency of decrease in the values of right frontal lobe and left temporal lobe. There were significant positive correlations between the values of ventricles and the frequency of previous hospitalization. However, there were no significant correlations between other values of regions of interest and clinical data. The value of the right frontal lobe was significantly correlated with the score of soft neurologic signs, which is suggestive of the neurodevelopmental abnormalities. There were significant correlations between the value of frontal lobe and the scores of the various subscales of Benton Neuropsychiatric Inventory. In contrast, the value of left amygdala and putamen showed significant correlation with the score of verbal IQ on the Weschler IQ test. Structural changes of the temporal lobe areas were related with the positive and general symptom scores on PANSS, while those of the basal ganglia were related with the negative symptom scores. Conclusions : These results suggest that the structural changes of the brain in the patients with schizophrenia show the dual process, which is suggestive that the enlarged ventricle show the neurodegenerative process, while enlarged basal ganglia, and shrinked right frontal and left temporal lobe show the neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Among these changes, structural changes of the frontal lobe related with various neuropsychological deficits, while those of left temporal lobe related with language abnormality. Relative to the relation between structural changes and psychiatric symptoms, structural changes of the temporal lobe areas were related with the positive and general symptoms, while those of the basal ganglia were related with the negative symptoms.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.1091-1096
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• 2007

Purpose : The of common carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) is an acknowledged noninvasive marker for early atherosclerotic changes. We investigate whether common carotid IMT is different between obese and normal-weight children and also evaluate the relationships IMT with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods : We collected the clinical data (age, sex, pubertal stage, body mass index) and measured blood pressure, glucose, insulin, lipid profiles and adiponectin in 49 obese children (mean age, 12 years) and 24 nonobese children as controls. The control group was composed of 24 nonobese children of the same age, sex and pubertal stage. We measured the carotid IMT of all subjects by B-mode ultrasound with a 7.5-MHz linear transducer and analyzed. Results : Obese children demonstrated a significantly thicker intima media (mean, 0.34 mm, peak, 0.42 mm) compared to the control group (mean, 0.31 mm, peak, 0.38 mm, P<0.01). IMT was significantly correlated to the BMI (r=0.431, P<0.01), age (r=0.317, P<0.01), total cholesterol (r=0.377, P< 0.01), triglyceride (r=0.253, P<0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.289, P<0.05). Serum adiponectin was significantly lower in obese children than in controls (11.2 ng/mL vs. 14.7 ng/mL, P<0.05) and negatively related with IMT (r=-0.267, P<0.05). Conclusion : Obesity is associated with increased carotid artery IMT in children. Our results suggest vascular changes in obesity seem to occur already in childhood and vascular ultrasonography may helpful for screening cardiovascular complications in obese children.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 1968

저자(著者)는 성장(成長) 발육기(發育期)에 있는 한국인(韓國人)의 His' line과 전두기저선(前頭基底線) 안이평면(眼耳平面) 하악평면(下顎平面) 구개평면(口蓋平面)이 이루는 각도적(角度的) 변화(變化)를 관찰(觀察)하기 위하여 정당교합인(正當咬合人) 남(男) 여(女) 195명(名)의 두부방사선규격사진(頭部放射線規格寫眞)을 Hellma의 치령 분류법(齒齡 分類法)에 의(依)하여 분류(分類)하고 계측(計測) 관찰(觀察)하였든바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 성장(成長) 발육기(發育期)에 있어서 전두기저선(前頭基底線)과 His' line이 일정(一定)한 각도(角度) 관계(關係)를 유지한다. 2. His' line은 수평성장축(水平成長軸)으로 생각(生覺)할 수 있다. 3. His' line은 구개평면(口蓋平面)과 대부분(大部分) 일치(一致)하며 남녀(男女)에는 별 차이(差異) 없다. 4. 하악평면(下顎平面)과 His' line이 이루는 각(角)이 심한 것으로 보아 강(强)한 경사도(傾斜度)를 나타내고 있다. 5. 서양인(西洋人)에 비해 하악골(下顎骨)의 후퇴(後退)를 볼 수있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.76-78
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• 2017

본 연구는 비산 2 3동의 골목정원 조성지역과 비조성지역의 주민들을 대상으로 골목현황 및 주민의식을 분석하고, 이를 통해 골목정원 조성이 골목환경에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면, 조성지역은 11개의 골목정원과 22개의 주제정원이 조성되어 있으며, 비조성지역은 서부시장을 중심으로 한 프랜차이즈 특화거리가 조성 중에 있다. 골목환경 구성요소의 중요도는 두 지역 모두 조명시설, CCTV 등 안전과 관련된 항목이 높게 평가되었으며, '공방 등 체험, 전시 및 공연시설', '텃밭', '항아리, 장식품 등 조형물' 등 개인 여가생활과 관련된 항목은 낮게 분석되었다. 만족도의 경우 조성지역은 골목정원 조성으로 개선된 조명시설, 초화류 등과 같은 항목이 높게 나타났다. 비조성지역의 경우 19개 항목의 만족도가 모두 낮게 분석되어 전반적으로 골목환경에 대해 불만족하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이를 바탕으로 개선방안을 제시하면, 조성지역은 CCTV 추가설치 및 빈집정비를 통해 골목의 안전성 확보와 휴게 및 교류공간 조성이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 비조성지역의 경우 전반적인 골목환경 개선이 필요하며, 조명시설의 추가 설치가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.7-24
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• 1998

1960년대 이후 경제규명의 괄목할 만한 성장과 생산규모가 확대되어 비용 최소화를 통한 물류분 야의 근대화가 핵심적인 문제로 대두됨에도 불구하고 체계적이며 효율적인 물류체계의 부재로 인한 물 류비의 상승은 산업경쟁력을 약화시켜 물가상승등의 경제불안을 초래하고 있다. 또 가중되는 도시내 교 통혼잡과 최근들어 시행되고 잇는 도시내 화물차량에 대한 각종 규제로 물류비중 수송비의 비증은 지속 적으로 증가되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라 사회적으로 물류비를 절감시킬수 있는 물류시설에 관한 관 심이 고조되고 있으며 국가나 지방자치 단체 차원에서도 지역간의 물류거점으로서의 유통단지나 복합화 물터미널 등에 대한 필요성이 강조되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 이러한 지역간 물류거점으로서 체계뿐만 아니라 도시내에서의 물류활동 즉 도시내에 위치한 최종소비자를 대상으로한 수·배송은 도시교통문제 와 물류서비스를 최종적으로 실행과 직결되어 있다는 점에서 매우 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 따라서 본연 구에서는 도시내 물류거점 시설인 배송센타를 대상으로 배송센타 1일 가동시 총물류비용 모형을 도출하 여 1일 총물류비용을 최소화 할 수 있는 배송센터 최적수 결정 모의 실험 모형을 구성하였다. 이와 병 행하여 최근 들어 대형화물차량에 대한 도심진입규제 통행제한 등 각종 화물차량 규제로 인하여 배송행 태 변화에 따른 사례를 상정하여 민간 차원에서 규제후 변화된 물류비의 변화정도와 그비용을 감소시킬 수 있는 방안의 검토를 시행하였다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.560-563
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• 2001

Geotrichum sp. MF01, isolated from oil-contaminated soil, utilized methyl ethyl ketone(MEK) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The strain MF01 showed a Michaelis-Menten kinetics on MEK, and the kinetic parameters determined for MEK degradation were; specific removal rate, $r_{max}$ = 0.14 $h^{-1}$; half-saturation constant, $K_m$ = 5.88 mM. The adsorption of MEK by heat-killed strain was 0.62 mg at 8.07 mg MEK indicating that the degradation was the primary removal mechanism over adsorption. Biodegradation of MEK was studied in a biofilter using perlite, vermiculite 0:1, v/v) as supporting material. During 57 days of biofilter operation, $^3h^{-1}$.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2000

The regulatory mechanisms of the initiation and the formation of ovarian follicles during fetal stage of mammals are largely unknown. In addition to the gonadotropins secreted from pituitary, various growth factors, and steroid hormones are believed to be involved in the differentiation and initiation of growth of primordial follicles consisting of primordial germ cells migrated from yolk sac and streamed cells from mesonephric somatic cells. In human, primordial follicles that have already initiated differentiation at fetal stage undergo either folliculogenesis to ovulate or atresia after growth. Some of primordial follicles remain without growth for 50 years or longer. The objective of this paper is to review the mechanism of the formation, growth arrest, and initiation of primordial follicles in human fetal and neonatal ovaries.

• Water for future
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.175-189
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• 1995

Pipe design normally requires pump power, discharge rate or pipe diameter for each condition given. Due to several investigators the pipe friction factor can now be estimated by explicit way when the flow condition is provided. In various problems of pipe design, however, the flow condition cannot be pre-determined even for the uniformly rough pipe. In these cases a lot of iterations are often required to have an accurate solution with ordinary approach. This paper presents the explicit way of estimating the discharge rate and pipe diameter without any iteration process being related to non-dimensional physical numbers, power-diameter number, power-discharge number, and discharge-slope number, which enable to develop explicit forms of equations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.61-67
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• 2008

In this papar, the flow meter system for pulverized coal is developed for the pulverizer-burner system of the boiler or the blast furnace. The sensor of the system a lied the capacitance with a pair of electrode on the outer wall of the electric insulator pipe. The circuit is designed for the measurement of the granule flow density combining as a measuring electrode and a reference. In order to measure granule-flow density, the calibration curve between the weight measured from loadcell and the voltage from the circuit is created. It is verified that the flow meter system has reliability and accuracy using on-line test.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.2 s.17
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• pp.70-84
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• 2000

한국유일체의서규(韓國有一體醫書叫) 신수비전격염진선결(神授秘傳隔簾診線訣). 대개시자종고대전하래적(大槪是自從古代傳下來的). 차서지내용시파환자여대부격개우실내여실외(此暑之內容是把患者與大夫隔開于室內與室外). 야부진행문진화문진(也不進行聞診和問診). 지완상계적선중래적감각래판단병증(只腕上係的線中來的感覺來判斷病症). 우안차병증제시치료법적비결(又按此病症提示治療法的秘訣). 아문상상가문도(我們常常可聞到) '고대적대부부근왕후('古代的大夫不僅王后). 이차장상적처첩(而且將相的妻妾), 也只고사선래진호맥(也只고絲線來診好脈), 가현재즘마야조불도나종유명적대부'아상차화기원우선결(可現在즘마也조不到那種有名的大夫'我想此話起源于線訣). 단종실제내간(但從實際來看). 불득부회의(不得不懷疑) ‘즘마능용일사선내정확판단환자적맥상('즘마能用一絲線來正確判斷患者的脈象), 우기시이차판단내소정하래적진단여치법우능신도심마정도니(尤其是以此判斷來所定下來的診斷與治法又能信到甚마程道尼).' 결과득지료(結果得知了) 격염진선결(隔簾診線訣) 상소서술적이론시기우'주역'적이론지사(上所敍述的理論是基于'周易'的理論之事), 요결형식내서술적(要訣形式來敍述的). 소이일반인흔난이해(所以一般人흔難理解). 인차아요대차이개소(因此我要對此而介紹). 수선통과선결적제요체예(首先通過線訣的提要體例), 작괘법급원문일례(作卦法及原文一例), 재의역학적립장상(在醫易學的立場上), 위료육효(爲了六爻), 생리(生理), 병리(病理), 진단(診斷), 예후(豫候), 방제화침구방면적응용(方劑和針灸方面的應用). 환유고찰료괘상적납갑(還有考察了卦象的納甲), 납지(納支), 세응(世應), 비신(飛神), 복신(伏神), 종류적작용여이용괘상적유관의역서적작용(種類的作用與利用卦象的有關醫易書的作用).