• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.87-87
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• 2001

일반화 대칭 변환 (generalized symmetry transform, GST)은 주어진 영상에서 사전 분할이 없이 국부성과 반사 대칭성을 결합하여 대칭을 측정하고 관심 영역을 추출한다. GST의 거리 가중치 함수에서 국부적인 대칭성이 반영되며 이 함수의 표준 편차 u에 의해 GST의 수행 범위가 조절된다. 넓은 관심영역을 추출하기 위해 반지름 r이 큰 검색영역 내에서의 대칭성이 추출될 필요가 있다. 이에 따라서 GST의 수행시간은 r에 따라 2차적으로 증가하게 된 본 논문에서는 이를 개선하기 위해 선택적 방향 주의를 가지는 수정된 스캔라인 GST를 제안한다. 제안된 GST는 기존의 GST와 유사한 대칭 특성을 추출하지만 선택적 방향의 기울기만을 고려한 스캔라인 위의 에지 화소쌍에서 GST를 수행함으로써 r에 따라서 이의 수행시간이 선형적으로 증가된다 특히 r이 큰 경우에 선택적 방향에 대해서만 적용하면 기존의 GST의 계산량이 비대해지는 단점을 보완해 줄 수 있다. 제안된 GST가 기존의 GST보다 시간적으로 효과적이며 유용하다는 것이 여러 종류의 영상에 대한 실험으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.82-92
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• 2006

In the field of image recognition, research on face recognition has recently attracted a lot of attention. The most important step in face recognition is automatic eye detection researched as a prerequisite stage. Existing eye detection methods for focusing on the frontal face can be mainly classified into two categories: active infrared(IR)-based approaches and image-based approaches. This paper proposes an eye region detection method in non-frontal faces. The proposed method is based on the edge--based method that shows the fastest computation time. To extract eye region in non-frontal faces, the method uses edge orientationhistogram of the global region of faces. The problem caused by some noise and unfavorable ambient light is solved by using proportion of width and height for local information and relationship between components for global information in approximately extracted region. In experimental results, the proposed method improved precision rates, as solving 3 problems caused by edge information and achieves a detection accuracy of 83.5% and a computational time of 0.5sec per face image using 300 face images provided by The Weizmann Institute of Science.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.536-546
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• 2006

Painterly animation is a method that expresses painterly images with a hand-painted appearance from a video, and the most crucial element for it is the temporal coherence of brush strokes between frames. A motion map is proposed in this paper as a solution to the issue of maintaining the temporal coherence in the brush strokes between the frames. A motion map is the region that frame-to-frame motions have occurred. Namely, this map refers to the region frame-to-frame edges move by the motion information with the motion occurred edges as a starting point. In this paper, we employ the optical flow method and block-based method to estimate the motion information. The method that yielded the biggest PSNR using the motion information (the directions and magnitudes) acquired by various methods of motion estimation has been chosen as the final motion information to form a motion map. The created motion map determine the part of the frame that should be re-painted. In order to express painterly images with a hand- painted appearance and maintain the temporal coherence of brush strokes, the motion information was applied to only the strong edges that determine the directions of the brush strokes. Also, this paper seek to reduce the flickering phenomenon between the frames by using the multiple exposure method and the difference map created by the difference between images of the source and the canvas. Maintenance of the coherence in the direction of the brush strokes was also attempted by a local gradient interpolation to maintain the structural coherence.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.336-343
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 여권 영 상에서 PCA 알고리즘을 이용한 얼굴 인증과 개선된 퍼지 신경망을 이용한 여권 코드 인식 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 여권영상에 대해 소벨 연산자를 이용하여 에지를 추출하고 에지가 추출된 영상을 수평 스미어링하여 여권코드 영역을 추출한다. 추출된 여권 코드 영역의 기울기를 검사하여 기울기 보정을 하고, 여권 코드 영역을 이진화 한다. 이진화된 여권 코드 영역에 대하여 8방향윤곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하여 여권 코드를 추출한다. 추출된 여권 코드는 퍼지 신경망을 개선하여 여권 코드 인식에 적용한다. 개선된 퍼지 신경 망은 입력층과 중간층 사이의 학습 구조로는 FCM 클러스터링 알고리즘을 적용하고 중간층과 출력층 사이의 학습은 일반화된 델타학습 방법을 적용한다. 그리고 학습 성능을 개선하기 위하여 중간층과 출력층의 가중치 조정에 적용되는 학습률을 동적으로 조정하기 위해 퍼지 제어 시스템을 적용한다. 제안된 퍼지 신경망은 목표값과 출력값의 차이에 대한 절대값이 ${\epsilon}$ 보다 적거나 같으면 정확으로 분류하고 크면 부정확으로 분류하여 정확의 총 개수를 퍼지 제어 시스템에 적용하여 학습률과 모멘텀을 동적으로 조정한다. 여권의 주어진 규격에 근거하여 사진 영역을 추출하고 추출된 사진 영역에 대하여 YCbCr와 RGB 정보를 이용하여 얼굴영역을 추출한다. 추출된 얼굴 영역을 PCA 알고리즘과 스냅샷(Snap-Shot) 방법을 적용하여 얼굴 영역의 위조를 판별한다. 제안된 방법의 여권 코드 인식과 얼굴 인증의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 실제 여권 영상에 적용한 결과, 기존의 방법보다 여권 코드 인식과 얼굴 인증에 있어서 효율적인 것을 확인하였다.s, whereas AVs provide much better security.크는 기준년도부터 2031년까지 5년 단위로 계획된 장래도로를 반영하여 구축된다. 교통주제도 및 교통분석용 네트워크는 국가교통DB구축사업을 통해 구축된 자료로서 교통체계효율화법 제9조의4에 따라 공공기관이 교통정책 및 계획수립 등에 활용할 수 있도록 제공하고 있다. 건설교통부의 승인절차를 거쳐 제공하며 활용 후에는 갱신자료 및 활용결과를 통보하는 과정을 거치도록 되어있다. 교통주제도는 국가의 교통정책결정과 관련분야의 기초자료로서 다양하게 활용되고 있으며, 특히 ITS 노드/링크 기본지도로 활용되는 등 교통 분야의 중요한 지리정보로서 구축되고 있다..20{\pm}0.37L$, 72시간에 $1.33{\pm}0.33L$로 유의한 차이를 보였으므로(F=6.153, P=0.004), 술 후 폐환기능 회복에 효과가 있다. 4) 실험군과 대조군의 수술 후 노력성 폐활량은 수술 후 72시간에서 실험군이 $1.90{\pm}0.61L$, 대조군이 $1.51{\pm}0.38L$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.620, P=0.013). 5) 실험군과 대조군의 수술 후 일초 노력성 호기량은 수술 후 24시간에서 $1.33{\pm}0.56L,\;1.00{\ge}0.28L$로 유의한 차이를 보였고(t=2.530, P=0.017), 술 후 72시간에서 $1.72{\pm}0.65L,\;1.33{\pm}0.3L$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.540, P=0.016). 6) 대상자의 술 후 폐환기능에 영향을 미치는 요인은 성별로 나타났다. 이에 따

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.165-173
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• 2004

Since the conventional image segmentation methods using mathematical morphology tend to yield over-segmented results, they normally need postprocess which merges small regions to obtain larger ones. To solve this over-segmentation problem without postprocess had to increase size of structuring element used marker extraction. As size of structuring element is very large, edge of region segments incorrectly. Therefore, this paper selectively applies structuring element of mathematical morphology to improve performance of image segmentation and classifies input image into texture region, edge region and simple region using averaged local variance and image gradient. Proposed image segmentation method removes the cause for over-segmentation of image as selectively applies size of structuring element to each region. Simulation results show that proposed method correctly segment for pixel region of similar luminance value and more correctly search texture region and edge region than conventional methods.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2007

In this paper, we present a method of detecting the boundary of the intima-media complex for automated measurement based on dynamic programming from carotid artery B-mode ultrasound images and then show the experimental results. We apply the dynamic programming for determining the optimal locations that a cost function is minimized. The cost function includes cost terms which are representing image features such as intensity, intensity gradient and geometrical continuity of the vessel interfaces. Moreover, we improve the boundary continuity by applying the B-spline to smooth the rough boundary due to noise such as speckle, dropout and weak edges. The proposed method has obtained more accurate reproducible results than conventional edge-detection by considering multiple image features and ensures efficient automated measurement by solving the problems of the inter- and intra-observer variability and its inefficiency due to manual measurement.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.8B
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• pp.1480-1489
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose a new post-processing method which can solve a problem of MSDS(Mean Squared Difference of Slope) method. Using that method the blocking artifacts can significantly be reduced without any restriction, which is a major drawback of block-based DCT compression method. In this approach, the OSLD(Overlapped Sub-Laplacian Distribution) of dequantized block boundary pixel difference values is defined and used to categorize each block of an image into one of four types. Those types are also classified into one of two classes: an edge and a non-edge classes. A slope across the block boundary is used to quantify discontinuity of the image. If an absolute estimated quantization error value of a DCT coefficient is greater than the corresponding quantization step size, it is saturated to the step size in the edge class. The proposed post-processing method can improve not only the PSNR value up to 0.1~O.3 dB but visual quality without any constraints determined by ad-hoc manner.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.782-794
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• 2013

This paper proposes the wafer position recognition algorithm using camera. First, for eliminating the image distortions caused by the illumination and the irregular camera position, the wafer image is restored as a circle through projective transformation. Next, we use edge detection algorithm to extract the wafer's edge and then apply Generalized Symmetry Transform(GST) to extract a circle. The GST evaluates symmetry between two points by combining a distance weight function, a phase weight function, and a logarithmic mapping of the points' intensities and detecting interest regions. Trough several experiments, we found out the proposed method is able to prevent the cleaning system and the wafer from damaging.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.239-245
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• 2004

A hue-based noise-tolerant corner detector is proposed for the exact detection of the real corners in spite of the shadows and random noise. Based on the fact that the hue gradient at the border of the opaque objects' shadow is smaller than the intensity gradient in HSI (hue-saturation-intensity) color space, the effects of shadow are eliminated by introducing the hue-weighted combination of vector gradient to the proposed corner detector. Furthermore, the proposed corner detector is robust to random noise by offsetting the contribution to the corner candidate when the polarities of the color gradients of the pixel pairs are out of phase each other. Results of the experiment show that the proposed corner detector can effectively detect the real corners.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.179-184
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• 2004

This paper presents an image segmentation algorithm to obtain the 3D body shape data that the grid pattern and the body contour lute in the background image are extracted using the new proposed hybrid method. The body contour line is extracted based on maximum biased anisotropic recognition(MaxBAR) algorithm which recognizes the most strong and robust edges in the image since the normal derivative at the edges is large, while the tangential derivatives can be small. The grid patterns within body contour lines are extracted by grid pattern detection (GPD). The body contour lilies and the grid patterns are combined. The consecutive run test based on heuristic method is used to link the disconnected line and reduce noise line. This proposed segmentation method is more effective than the conventional method which uses a gradient and a laplacian operator, verified with application two conventional method.