• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.12
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• pp.2251-2256
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• 2007

In this paper, the wavelet transform based lossless image compression algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm transforms the input image using 9/7 ICFB and S+P filter, and eliminates the spacious correlation of the subband coefficients, applying the context modeling predictive technique based on the multi-resolution structure and the feedback of the prediction error. The prediction context exploits the subordination and direction property of the different level subband in the vertical, horizontal, and diagonal subband coefficients. The simulation result of the high frequency images such as PEPPERS, BOAT, and AIRPLANE shows that the proposed algorithm efficiently predicts the edge area of each multi-resolution subband.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.656-667
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• 2003

Congestion control is a key task in reliable multicast along with error control. However, existing tree-based congestion control schemes such as MTCP and TRAMCC are designed for one-to-many reliable multicast and have some drawbacks when they are used for many-to-many reliable multicast. We propose an efficient congestion control mechanism, TMRCC, for tree-based many-to-many reliable multicast protocols. The proposed scheme is based on the congestion windowing mechanism and a rate controller is used in addition. The feedback for error recovery is exploited for congestion control as well to minimize the overhead at the receivers. The ACK timer and the NACK timers are set dynamically reflecting the network condition changes. The rate regulation algorithm in the proposed scheme is designed to help the flows sharing the same link to achieve the fair share quickly The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using ns-2. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms TRAMCC in terms of intra- session fairness and shows good level of responsiveness, TCP-friendliness, and scalability. In addition, we implemented the proposed scheme by integrating with GAM that is one of many-to-many reliable multicast protocols and evaluated the performance in a laboratory-wide testbed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.6A
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• pp.500-505
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• 2009

In this paper, We present a low complexity candidate list generation scheme in iterative MIMO receiver. Since QAM modulation can be decomposed into HP symbols and LP symbol and HP symbol is robust in error capability, we generate HP symbol list with simple ZF detector output and its corresponding neighbor HP symbols, Then, based on HP symbol list, the LP symbol list is generated by using the sphere decoder. From the second iteration, since apriori value from channel decoder is available, the candidate list is updated based on demodulated apriori value. Through the simulation, we observe that at the first iteration, the BER performance is worse than LSD. However, as the number of iteration is increased, the proposed scheme has almost same performance as LSD. Moreover, the proposed one has reduced candidate list generation time and lower number of candidate list compared with LSD.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2009

When adapting the transmitter to the channel state information(CSI), improved transmission is possible compared to the open loop system where no CSI is provided at the transmitter. However, since the perfect channel information is rarely available at the transmitter, the system design based on the partial CSI becomes an important factor. Especially, in mobile environments, the consideration for the outdated CSI should be applied for mitigating the performance degradation. In this paper, we propose a robust adaptive modulation and coding scheme for bit-interleaved coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing over time-varying channels. With reasonable feedback overhead, the proposed scheme shows the enhanced performance by compensating for the outdated CSI due to Doppler spread. Simulation results confirm that the performance gain is achieved by applying an accurate BER estimation method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.4A
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• pp.322-331
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• 2010

This paper introduces a new efficient design scheme for spatial multiplexing (SM) systems over closed loop multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless channels. Extending the orthogonalized spatial multiplexing (OSM) scheme which was developed recently for transmitting two data streams, we propose a new SM scheme where a larger number of data streams can be supported. To achieve this goal, we partition the data streams into several subblocks and execute the block-diagonalization process at the receiver. The proposed scheme still guarantees single-symbol maximum likelihood (ML) detection with small feedback information. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme achieves a huge performance gain at a bit error rate (BER) of $10^{-4}$ over conventional closed-loop schemes based on minimum mean-square error (MSE) or bit error rate (BER) criterion. We also show that an additional 2.5dB gain can be obtained by optimizing the group selection with extra feedback information.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.2465-2473
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• 2012

Recently, as one of low complexity video encoding methods, DVC (Distributed Video Coding) scheme has been actively studied. Most of DVC schemes exploit feedback channel to achieve better coding performances, however, this causes these schemes to have high decoding delay. In order to overcome these, this paper proposes a new fast DVC decoding method using parity-bit request model, which can be obtained by using bit-error rate, sent by encoder with motion vector, which is transmitted through feedback channel by decoder after generating side information. Through several simulations, it is shown that the proposed method improves greatly the decoding speed, compared to the conventional schemes.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07d
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• pp.2179-2181
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• 2004

Model-free Method들 중에 반복 피트백 조절 알고리즘(Iterative Feedback Tuning, IFT)는 특정한 성능지수를 정의하고, 이를 최소화하도록 제어기의 게인들을 조절하는 방법을 제시하였다. PID와 같은 고전적인 제어이론에 근거한 제어기 설계 과정과는 달리, IFT 알고리즘은 반복 실험을 통해 성능지수의 Gradient를 구하여 이로부터 필터 게인들 조정하는 방법을 채택하고 있다. 수학적 증명과 실험적 실증을 통하여 IFT의 수렴성과 유용성이 보여짐에도 불구하고 IFT 알고리즘의 한계점은 단일 성능지수의 사용이라는데 있다. 이를 개선하기 위해서는 단일 제어 목적을 위한 단일 성능지수의 사용이 아닌 복수의 제어 목적을 위한 복수의 성능지수의 사용이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 두 개의 성능지수를 가지는 IFT를 이용해서 위상 여유가 크고, 대역폭이 넓은 제어기를 설계하기 위해서 제어기 게인을 자동 조절하는 알고리즘을 제안하고 ODD에서 사용되는 플랜트에 적용한 모의실험을 통하여 그 유용성을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.264-270
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• 2006

In this paper we verified that the window based TCP performance of throughput can be improved by the traffic connection efficiency. and have studied the performance of traffic congestion control that is controlling transmission rate. In wireless network, the bidirectional node is run by estimating the usage rate of link of error control idle and the throughput is shown by transmitting segments. The throughput rate shows almost no delay due to the bidirectional traffic connection efficiency up to the allowable point as increasing the transport rate by the critical value, depending on the size of end-to-end node queue of the increase of transport rate. This paper reports the performance improvement as the number of feedback connection traffic congestion control increases because of the increase of the number of asynchronous transport TCP connections.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

Most of the commercialized wearable text input devices are wrist-worn keyboards that have adopted the minimization method of reducing keys. Generally, a drastic key reduction in order to achieve sufficient wearability increases KSPC(Keystrokes per Character), decreases text entry performance, and requires additional effort to learn a new typing method. We are faced with wearability-usability tradeoff problems in designing a good wearable keyboard. To address this problem, we introduced a new keyboard minimization method of reducing key pitch. From a series of empirical studies, we found the potential of a new method which has a keyboard with a 7mm key pitch, good wearability and social acceptance in terms of physical form factors, and allows users to type 15.0WPM in 3 session trials. However, participants point out that a lack of passive haptic feedback in keying action and visual feedback on users' input deteriorate the text entry performance. We have developed the One-key Keyboard that addresses this problem. The traditional desktop keyboard has one key per character, but the One-key Keyboard has only one key ($70mm{\times}35mm$) on which a 10*5 QWERTY key array is printed. The One-key Keyboard detects the position of the fingertip at the time of the keying event and figures out the character entered. We conducted a text entry performance test comprised of 5 sessions. The participants typed 18.9WPM with a 6.7% error rate over all sessions and achieved up to 24.5WPM. From the experiment's results, the One-key Keyboard was evaluated as a potential text input device for wearable computing, balancing wearability, social acceptance, input speed, and learnability.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.777-780
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• 2005

모바일 오디오 적용을 위한 저전력 ${\Sigma}{\Delta}$ Modulator 에 대한 설계와 layout 을 보였다. 전체 구조는 3 차 단일 피드백 루프이며, 해상도는 16bit 을 갖는다. 샘플링 주파수에 따른 Over-sampling Ratio 는 128(46kHz) 또는 64(96kHz) 가 되도록 하였다. 차동 구조를 사용한 3 차 ${\Sigma}{\Delta}$ modulator 내의 적분기에 사용된 Op-Amp 는 DC-Gain 을 높이기 위해서 Gain-boosting 기법이 적용되었다. ${\Sigma}{\Delta}$ modulator 의 기준 전압은 전류 모드 Band-Gap Reference 회로에서 공급이 되며, PVT(Process, Voltage, Temperature) 변화에 따른 기준 전압의 편차를 보정하기 위하여, binary 3bit 으로 선택하도록 하였다. DAC 에서 사용되는 단위 커패시터의 mismatch 에 의한 성능 감소를 막기 위해, DAC 신호의 경로를 임의적으로 바꿔주는 scrambler 회로를 이용하였다. 4bit Quantizer 내부의 비교기 회로는 고해상도를 갖도록 설계하였고, 16bit thermometer code 에서 4bit binary code 변환시 발생하는 에러를 줄이기 위해 thermometer-to-gray, gray-to-binary 인코딩 방법을 적용하였다. 0.18um CMOS standard logic 공정 내 thick oxide transistor(3.3V supply) 공정을 이용하였다. 입력 전압 범위는 2.2Vp-p,diff. 이며, Typical process, 3.3V supply, 50' C 시뮬레이션 조건에서 2Vpp,diff. 20kHz sine wave 를 입력으로 할 때 SNR 110dB, THD 는 -95dB 이상의 성능을 보였고, 전류 소모는 6.67mA 이다. 또한 전체 layout 크기는 가로 1100um, 세로 840um 이다.