• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.423-429
• /
• 2007

Since the wireless smart card has played a main role in the identification security application for the building access; this research has its purpose to improve the performance of the smart card system and aims to offer more convenient to user. The contactless cards do not require insertion into a card reader and can work up to centimeters away from the reading device. To be able to cope with this performance the controlling of power consumption through the adaptive modulation and error control is needed. This paper addresses a forward error control (FEC) scheme with the adaptive Reed-Solomon code rate and an M-ary frequency shift keying (M-FSK) modulation scheme with the varying symbol size M over the link. The result of comparing energy efficiencies of adaptive error correction and adaptive modulation to other various static schemes shows to save over 50% of the energy consumption.

• Journal of KIISE
• /
• v.42 no.12
• /
• pp.1495-1502
• /
• 2015

Data compression involves a trade-off between delay time and data size. Greater delay times require smaller data sizes and vice versa. There have been many studies performed in the field of wireless sensor networks on increasing network life cycle durations by reducing data size to minimize energy consumption; however, reductions in data size result in increases of delay time due to the added processing time required for data compression. Meanwhile, as energy generation occurs periodically in solar energy-based wireless sensor networks, redundant energy is often generated in amounts sufficient to run a node. In this study, this excess energy is used to reduce the delay time between nodes in a sensor network consisting of solar energy-based nodes. The energy threshold value is determined by a formula based on the residual energy and charging speed. Nodes with residual energy below the threshold transfer data compressed to reduce energy consumption, and nodes with residual energy above the threshold transfer data without compression to reduce the delay time between nodes. Simulation based performance verifications show that the technique proposed in this study exhibits optimal performance in terms of both energy and delay time compared with traditional methods.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.122-127
• /
• 2017

The data link layer operates reliable internode communication in the OSI reference model. Generally, the forward error correction (FEC) method is used in the data link layer of the wireless sensor network (WSN) environment that has a high frequency of errors. However, the FEC method consumes a significant amount of energy due to its high error correction rate, which negatively affects the networks' lifespan. In contrast with battery-based technology, energy is regularly recharged in the solar-powered WSN to meet higher energy needs than required for basic operation of existing nodes. By efficiently utilizing this surplus energy, the proposed energy-aware FEC method can reduce the data loss rate with no decrement of the network lifetime. The method employs a trade-off relationship between the energy and data loss rate by adjusting the parity length in the FEC method to the energy state in each node. The performance of the proposed scheme was verified through a simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.1203-1206
• /
• 2005

현재 무선 센서 네트워크에서 에너지 효율성을 고려한 많은 라우팅 프로토콜이 연구되고 있다. 하지만 기존에 제안된 무선 센서 네트워크 라우팅 프로토콜은 특정 상황 및 응용에 특화되어 있기 때문에, 동적으로 변화하는 네트워크 상에서는 데이터 전달의 정확성 및 에너지 효율성이 떨어지는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 퍼지 추론 시스템을 이용한 라우팅 프로토콜 선택 기법과 라우팅 프로토콜의 동적 배치 기법을 기반으로 한 퍼지 적응형 라우팅(FAR) 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.407-415
• /
• 2016

Recent wireless communication trends have emphasized the importance of energy-efficient transmission. In this paper, link adaptation with machine learning mechanism for maximum energy efficiency in multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM) wireless system is considered. For reflecting frequency-selective MIMO-OFDM channels, two-dimensional capacity(2D-CAP) feature space is proposed. In addition, machine-learning-based bit and power adaptation(ML-BPA) algorithm that performs classification-based link adaptation is presented. Simulation results show that 2D-CAP feature space can represent channel conditions accurately and bring noticeable improvement in link adaptation performance. Compared with other feature spaces, including ordered postprocessing signal-to-noise ratio(ordSNR) feature space, 2D-CAP has distinguished advantages in either efficiency performance or computational complexity.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.10A
• /
• pp.949-955
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we propose the improved energy detector using adaptive thresholds in cognitive radio system, in order to compensate the weak points of the existing energy detector in the distorted communication environment. In addition, by investigating the several parameters we analyze its performance. The numerical results show the proposed method may get the performance gain, when the mobile speed is slow (3 km/h) as well as the false alarm probability is low ($P_f=10^{-1}$).

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 2005

무선 센서 네트워크에서 센서 노드는 배터리와 같은 제한적인 전원을 가지고 있기 때문에, 센서 노드의 수명을 연장하기 위하여 에너지 효율성을 고려한 다양한 라우팅 프로토콜이 연구되고 있다. 하지만 기존에 제안된 라우팅 프로토콜들은 특정 상황 및 응용에 특화되어 있기 때문에, 하드웨어에 내장시킨 단일 라우팅 프로토콜만으로는 동적으로 변화하는 네트워크 상에서 에너지 효율성을 보장할 수 없다는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 퍼지 추론 시스템을 기반으로, 다양한 후보 라우팅 프로토콜 중 현재 네트워크 상황에 적합한 라우팅 프로토콜을 선택하여, 이를 동적으로 센서 노드에 적재 혹은 교체하도록 하는 퍼지 기반의 적응형 라우팅 알고리즘을 제안한다. 또한 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 동적인 네트워크 상황 하에서 제안된 라우팅 알고리즘을 사용한 경우가 기존의 단일 라우팅 프로토콜만을 사용한 경우보다 에너지 효율적임을 검증한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2013.10a
• /
• pp.750-753
• /
• 2013

In respect of consuming energy, the optimization is the main objective in the solar energy harvesting sensor system (while battery-based sensor system aims at the minimization), due to the periodicity of solar energy. Aimed at the optimization of the network topology, we suggest 3-level transmission power control algorithm of which level is determined by the amount of residual energy on the rechargeable battery. Additionally, we experiment the effects of our scheme on network-wide performance such as the latency and the duty-cycle, and verify that our scheme shows the best performance in most of the metrics, compared to the schemes with fixed transmission power.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.196-201
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we propose an asynchronous and adaptive message passing scheme based on S-MAC for handling with the problem on energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. The proposed scheme consists of a policy that differentiate transmission errors caused by packet collision or radio interference from congestion errors caused by buffer overflow and a method that adaptively controls the size of a fragment according to the variance of traffic loads. Especially, it presents a method that highly reduce the energy consumption by keeping the size of fragment not being excessively smaller than the one that may result in rapid increment of the total transfer time. Finally, with the simulation results we show that network throughput and delay are improved by using the proposed message passing scheme.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2022.11a
• /
• pp.219-220
• /
• 2022

최근 항로표지는 기본 업무를 위한 등명기의 구동과 해상 환경 정보 수집 및 데이터 전송 기능들의 확장을 통해 다양한 임무를 수행하기 위한 스마트 장비로써 진화하고 있다. 그래서 항로표지를 운영하기 위한 전력량의 요구가 높아지고 있고, 동작 구동 시간을 확보하기 위해 다양한 해상 에너지원을 통해 발전하는 시스템을 고려하고 있다. 하지만 전원 공급 및 교체가 쉽지 않은 해상 환경에서 태양광, 파력 등의 한정적인 에너지원의 활용은 지속적인 스마트 항로표지의 동작에 한계가 존재한다. 그래서 해양 환경 상황에서도 한정된 에너지원을 활용하여 에너지 수집을 하고 이를 활용하여 다양한 환경 센싱, 정보 연산, 데이터 처리, 무선 정보 전송 등의 시스템에 안정적으로 전력을 공급할 수 있는 방안이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 해상 환경 적응 에너지 수집, 백업 전력운영, 항로표지 출력 에너지 재사용, 분산 전력관리 등을 포함한 차세대 스마트 항로표지 전원 시스템 구성 방안에 대해서 제안한다.