• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 1999

The whole crisis of human being derived from environmental pollution has changed the human -centered paradigm into the ecological paradigm based on the harmony of human and nature, which have made it inevitable for designers to participate in the environmental problem-solving. In the line of this sense, it is necessary for designers to recognize the social and ethical responsibility for environmental pollution and to change into the designing for environment, not for sale itself. In accord with the context above, the purpose of this study is to suggest some clues for resolving environmental problems with the analysis of design for long-selling product, as we call, product durability analysis. That is, this study is under some assumptions that designing durable product and durable product itself are able to extend a product life cycle, delay a product disusing, reduce a rash development competition for new product among companies, mitigate consumption-oriented attitude of consumers, eliminate a waste of resources, and go far toward the environmental problem solving.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2812-2817
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• 2013

In this paper, an outage probability for the best relay selection in decode-and-forward relaying systems in the presence of interference is analyzed over Rayleigh fading channels. Based on the outage performance results, we propose a method to determine effective relay candidates for the best relay selection, where the effective relay candidates represent the relays except for relays that make no contribution to improving the performance. in all possible relays given in the system. By determining the effective relay candidates, the feedback overhead of channel state information and the energy consumption of relays can be significantly reduced while minimizing the performance degradation. In this paper, we provide important parameters that affect the determination of the effective relay candidates.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

The core of the block chain technology is solving the problem of agreement on double payment, and the PoW, PoS and DPoS algorithms used for this have been studied. PoW in-process proofs are consensus systems that require feasible efforts to prevent minor or malicious use of computing capabilities, such as sending spam e-mail or initiating denial of service (DoS) attacks. The proof of the PoS is made to solve the Nothing at stake problem as well as the energy waste of the proof of work (PoW) algorithm, and the decision of the sum of each node is decided according to the amount of money, not the calculation ability. DPoS is that a small number of authorized users maintain a trade consensus through a distributed network, whereas DPS provides consent authority to a small number of representatives, whereas PoS has consent authority to all users. If PoS is direct democracy, DPoS is indirect democracy. This study aims to contribute to the continuous development of the related field through the study of the algorithm of the block chain agreement.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1158-1164
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• 2020

In Korea, the dependence on imported energy is very high, and research to reduce standby power is being conducted based on Zigbee, a low-power technology, to reduce wasted power and improve power efficiency. However, because Zigbee is not an IoT standard protocol and is not network-based, it is necessary to build a network with a separate gateway, and research on standby power is insufficient because the standards for international power consumption of devices are ambiguous. Therefore, in this paper, we applied the IoT standard protocol MQTT to the existing Zigbee technology to build a network network without a separate gateway, and designed and implemented a standby power reduction system that collects standby power degradation and user patterns. As a result of evaluating with the existing system, it was confirmed that about 7.11% of standby power was consumed compared to the existing system.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2012

Smart Grid is the next-generation intelligent power grid that maximizes energy efficiency with the convergence of IT technologies and the existing power grid. Smart Grid is created solution for standardization and interoperability. Smart Grid industry enables consumers to check power rates in real time for active power consumption. It also enables suppliers to measure their expected power generation load, which stabilizes the operation of the power system. Smart industy was ecolved actively cause Wireless communication is being considered for AMI system and wireless communication using ZigBee sensor has been applied in various industly. In this paper, we proposed efficient addressing scheme for improving the performance of the routing algorithm using ZigBee in Smart Grid environment. A distributed address allocation scheme used an existing algorithm has wasted address space. Therefore proposing x, y coordinate axes from divide address space of 16 bit to solve this problem. Each node was reduced not only bitwise but also multi hop using the coordinate axes while routing than Cskip algorithm. I compared the performance between the standard and the proposed mechanism through the numerical analysis. Simulation verify performance about decrease averaging multi hop count that compare proposing algorithm and another. The numerical analysis results show that proposed algorithm reduce multi hop than ZigBee distributed address assignment and another.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-107
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• 2007

In this paper, an adaptive range aggregation spatial index method is proposed for spatial range query in ubiquitous sensor networks. As the ubiquitous sensor networks are the new information-oriented paradigm, many energy efficient spatial range query methods in ubiquitous sensor networks environment are studied vigorously. In sensor networks, users can monitor environment scalar data such as temperature and humidity during user defined time and spatial ranges. In order to execute spatial range query efficiently, rectangle based index methods are proposed, such as SPIX. But they define the return path as the opposite of its query transmit path. However, the sensor nodes in queried ranges are closed to each other, they can't aggregate the sensed value in a queried range because their query transmission paths are different. As a result, the previous methods waste energy unnecessarily to aggregate sensing data out of the queried range. In this paper, an adaptive aggregation index method is proposed that can aggregate values in a user defined range adaptively by using its neighbor information. It is shown that sensor power is saved efficiently by using the proposed method over the performance evaluation.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2012

Although LNG storage tanks are very delicate with chloride attack owing to its operating inshore location, specific integrity management system for chloride attack has not been studied so far. As the design warranty life time, about 25 years, has come, to prevent paying huge amount of construction cost and required resources for new alternative storage tanks and manage the life time of operating storage tanks, the basic data of chloride attack is necessary. This study intended to build up basic data for following detailed study to develop technologies for life time management of LNG storage tanks, NT Build 492 method in North Europe was used to test chloride diffusion coefficient for the newly-constructing concrete outer tank. Results of these tests lead us to the conclusion that 90 days diffusion coefficients show 46% of 28 days' due to a large quantity of fly ash mixing and much similar to estimation from concrete process table. It seems resonable to conclude that 90 days specimens are recommended estimating the chloride diffusion coefficient for LNG storage tanks to enhance the reliabilities.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.663-673
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• 2014

The WBAN technology means a short distance wireless network which provides each device interactive communication by connecting devices inside and outside of body. Standardization on the physical layer, data link layer, network layer and application layer is in progress by IEEE 802.15.6 TG BAN. Wireless body area network is usually configured in energy efficient using sensor and zigbee device due to the power limitation and the characteristics of human body. Wireless sensor network consist of sensor field and sink node. Sensor field are composed a lot of sensor node and sink node collect sensing data. Wireless sensor network has capacity of the self constitution by protocol where placed in large area without fixed position. In this paper, we proposed the efficient addressing scheme for improving the performance of routing algorithm by using ZigBee in WBAN environment. A distributed address allocation scheme used an existing algorithm that has wasted in address space. Therefore proposing x, y and z coordinate axes from divided address space of 16 bit to solve this problems. Each node was reduced not only bitwise but also multi hop using the coordinate axes while routing than Cskip algorithm. I compared the performance between the standard and the proposed mechanism through the numerical analysis. Simulation verified performance about decrease averaging multi hop count that compare proposing algorithm and another. The numerical analysis results show that proposed algorithm reduced the multi hop better than ZigBee distributed address assignment

• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

As the social demands for environmental pollution increase and regulations on the dyeing process wastewater are strengthened, supercritical dyeing process has been attracting attention as an alternative technology to reduce wastewater and energy consumption. In the supercritical dyeing process where carbon dioxide is used as a solvent instead of water as a solvent, there is no wastewater generated. The unfixed dyes can be reused later which makes the process environment-friendly. Also, after dyeing process, dried textiles can be obtained without additional drying process, which makes the process energy efficient. In this article, we have summarized the development of the supercritical dyeing process along with the research in Korea today and compared the principle of supercritical dyeing process with conventional dyeing process. To further explain the principle, studies of the distribution factor and mass transfer of dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide and fibers, as well as solubility between supercritical $CO_2$ and dyes are discussed. The dynamic behavior of dyes in supercritical dyeing apparatus and summary of the supercritical dyeing facilities developed around the world are also discussed. Finally, we suggest the direction of research and development for optimization of supercritical dyeing process and application to synthetic fibers and natural fibers except for polyester.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.247-252
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• 2007

오늘날 컴퓨팅 환경은 점차 복잡해지고 있으며, 복잡한 환경을 관리하는 이 점차 중요해 지고 있다. 이러한 관리를 위해 어플리케이션의 내부 구조를 드러내지 않은 상태에서 환경에 적응하는 자가치유에 관한 연구가 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 우리의 이전 연구에서는 자가 적응 모듈의 성능 향상을 위해 스위치를 사용하여 컴포넌트의 동작 유무를 결정하였다. 그러나 바이러스와 같은 외부 상황에 의해 자가 적응 모듈이 정상적으로 동작하지 않을 수 있으며 다수의 파일을 전송할 때 스위치가 꺼진 컴포넌트들은 메모리와 같은 리소스를 낭비한다. 본 연구에서는 이전 연구인 성능 개선 자가 적응 모듈에서 발생할 수 있는 문제점을 해결하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 1) 컴포넌트의 동작 여부를 결정하는 스위치를 확인하여 비정상 상태인 컴포넌트를 찾아 치유를 하고, 2) 현재 단계에서 사용하지 않는 컴포넌트를 다른 작업에서 재사용한다. 이러한 제안 방법론을 통해 파일 전송이 않은 상황에서도 전체 컴포넌트의 수를 줄일 수 있으며 자가 적응 제어 모듈을 안정적으로 작동할 수 있도록 한다. 본 논문에서는 명가를 위하여 비디오 회의 시스템 내의 파일 전송 모듈에 제안 방법론을 적용하여 이전 연구의 모듈과 제안 방법론을 적용한 모듈이 미리 정한 상황들에서 정상적으로 적응할 수 있는지를 비교한다. 또한 파일 전송이 많은 상황에서 제안 방법론을 적용하였을 때 이전 연구 방법론과의 컴포넌트 수를 비교한다. 이를 통해 이전 연구의 자가 적응 모듈의 비정상 상태를 찾아낼 수 있었고, 둘 이상의 파일 전송이 이루어 질 때 컴포넌트의 재사용을 통해 리소스의 사용을 줄일 수 있었다.위해 잡음과 그림자 영역을 제거한다. 잡음과 그림자 영역을 제거하면 구멍이 발생하거나 실루엣이 손상되는 문제가 발생한다. 손상된 정보는 근접한 픽셀이 유사하지 않을 때 낮은 비용을 할당하는 에너지 함수의 스무드(smooth) 항에 의해 에지 정보를 기반으로 채워진다. 결론적으로 제안된 방법은 스무드 항과 대략적으로 설정된 데이터 항으로 구성된 에너지 함수를 그래프 컷으로 전역적으로 최소화함으로써 더욱 정확하게 목적이 되는 영역을 추출할 수 있다.능적으로 우수한 기호성, 즉석에서 먹을 수 있는 간편성, 장기저장에 의한 식품 산패, 오염 및 변패 미생물의 생육 등이 발생하지 않는 우수한 생선가공, 저장방법, 저가 생선류의 부가가치 상승 등 여러 유익한 결과를 얻을 수 있는 효과적인 가공방법을 증명하였다.의 평균섭취량에도 미치지 못하는 매우 저조한 영양상태를 보여 경제력, 육체적 활동 및 건강상태 등이 매우 열악한 이들 집단에 대한 질 좋은 영양서비스의 제공이 국가적 차원에서 시급히 재고되어야 할 것이다. 연구대상자 특히 배달급식 대상자의 경우 모집의 어려움으로 인해 적은 수의 연구대상자의 결과를 보고한 것은 본 연구의 제한점이라 할 수 있다 따라서 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 좀 더 많은 대상자를 대상으로 한 조사 연구가 계속 이루어져 가정배달급식 프로그램의 개선을 위한 유용한 자료로 축적되어야 할 것이다.상범주로 회복함을 알수 있었고 실험결과 항암제 투여후 3 일째 피판 형성한 군에서 피판치유가 늦어진 것으로 관찰되어 인체에서 항암 투여후 수술시기는 인체면역계가 회복하는 시기를 3주이상 경과후 적어도 4주째 수술시기를 정하는 것이 유리하리라 생각되