• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2021

The puropose of this study is to propose an effective diction training techniqe that conductors can use in choral communication. In chorus, the phonology of the language used in the lyrics influences the diction. Therefore, Korean lyrics must be pronounced according to Korean phonology. In verbal language, accuracy of pronunciation is important, but when expressing lyrics in a song, both vocalization and diction are important. In particular, chorus is sung by many people, so if the diction is not accurate, the lyrics will not be delivered properly. In this study, the dictions of lyrics frequently used in actual Korean choral songs were systematically analyzed according to Korean phonological rules. As a result of the study, the main factor that makes choral diction difficult is the phenomenon of phonological fluctuations in Korean. In particular, phonological fluctuations often occurred when pronouncing the final sound and when consonants and consonants were combined. A follow-up study intends to contribute to the development of choral communication by presenting a systematic choral diction based on Korean phonology.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.182-187
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• 2007

The present study was to investigate the speech intelligibility of esophageal speech, which is the way that the laryngectomized people who lost their voices by total laryngectomy can phonate by using the airstream driven into esophagus, not trachea. Three normal listeners transcribed the CVVand VCV syllables produced by 10 esophageal speakers. As a result, overall intelligibility of esophageal speech was 27%. Affricates showed the highest intelligibility, and fricatives, the lowest. In the aspect of the place of articulation, palatals were the most intelligble, and alveolars, the least. Most of the aspirated consonants showed a low intelligibility. The consonants in VCV syllables were more intelligible than the ones in CVV syllables. The low intelligibility of esophageal speakers is due to insufficient airflow intake into esophagus. Therefore, training to increase airflow intake, as well as correct articulation training, will improve their low intelligibility.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-80
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to improve the self-expression of children through Orff activities. In this study, three (3) children from D day care center in Seoul who demonstrated withdrawn behaviors were chosen as research subjects, based on a self-expression test score of 50 points. The activities were conducted for 6 weeks, totaling fourteen (14) sessions, with each session being scheduled for forty (40) minutes. Across 14 sessions, the researcher conducted, analyzed and compared the self-expression scale of subjects, measured during the third and the last session. The researcher then qualitatively analyzed verbal and non-verbal self-expression behaviors of subjects by video recording the session. The analysis results shown by the study are as follows. First, the results of a quantitative analysis of the self-expression scale showed significant changes in self expression. Furthermore, the results of a qualitative analysis of verbal self-expression showed positive changes in self-perception and an increase in feelings of independence and activity than that of initial sessions.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.1 s.104
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• pp.63-70
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• 2006

In general, a corpus contains lots of linguistic information and is widely used in the field of natural language processing and computational linguistics. The creation of such the corpus, however, is an expensive, labor-intensive and time-consuming work. To alleviate this problem, annotation tools to build corpora with much linguistic information is indispensable. In this paper, we design and implement an annotation tool for establishing a Korean dependency tree-tagged corpus. The most ideal way is to fully automatically create the corpus without annotators' interventions, but as a matter of fact, it is impossible. The proposed tool is semi-automatic like most other annotation tools and is designed to edit errors, which are generated by basic analyzers like part-of-speech tagger and (partial) parser. We also design it to avoid repetitive works while editing the errors and to use it easily and friendly. Using the proposed annotation tool, 10,000 Korean sentences containing over 20 words are annotated with dependency structures. For 2 months, eight annotators have worked every 4 hours a day. We are confident that we can have accurate and consistent annotations as well as reduced labor and time.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.555-561
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• 2015

The construction industry is a labor-oriented and quality, cost, and schedule performance is effected by technicians. However, the construction industry have faced a labor shortage problem. Therefore, technician graying and no new workers inflow cause labor shortage and decline of worker's skill level. The utilization of foreign technicians instead of domestic technicians has been increased in the construction industry. This paper performed questionnaire survey for 43 managers on 14 project fields to determine the current status and problems of construction technicians and to propose a improvement plan. As a result, most foreign technicians are carpenters and iron workers, but the skill levels are generally lower than domestics. The major problems for foreign technicians are communication and non-skilled. Then, labor productivity and accident rates of foreign technicians are higher than domestics. This paper proposes that skill training programs, language lessons, and multi-cultural programs are effective to improve foreign workers' problems.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.139-158
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• 2013

Karmiloff-Smith was first to propose the 'Representational Redescription model'. It describes a process through which children elaborate their knowledge from the unconscious and implicit levels to the conscious and explicit levels. The model also assumes that children in perfectly explicit levels are able to express their own representation of knowledge verbally. This study was conducted to investigate Karmiloff-Smith's Representational Redescription(RR) model(1990, 1992, 1999) within the drawing domain. Additionally, how verbalization training influences children's development of representational redescription in drawing were also examined. First, 331 children (4- to 6-year-olds and an older comparison group of 7- to 9-year-olds) were asked to create six drawings of both familiar and novel topics. From these drawings, children were measured for procedural rigidity and developmental differences. Thereafter 80 5-year-olds children who were not able to manipulate their drawings with flexibility were selected. They were divided into an experimental group and two control groups. A group of verbalization training was given a session using 5 tasks. Compared to the control groups, children who practiced verbalization in the training group showed more advanced levels of representation than their previous levels in the pretest. The results were interpreted as meaning that verbalization is likely to facilitate children's reorganization of implicit knowledge within the drawing domain and to transfer this toward explicit forms. Further research needs to pay more attention to the educational applications of learning processes based on representational redescription.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyse literacy of children from multicultural backgrounds, and identify cognitive-linguistic predictors that can affect their literacy. First, the higher-grade students showed better cognitive-linguistic variables in reading and writing performance. Second, it has been noted that the predictor variable of reading in children from multicultural backgrounds was homeostasis in visual form, which is a sub-variable of visual perception. This implies that detained characteristics play an important role in reading prerequisite. Therefore it can be said that it is more important to recognise features and clues about the details than reading familiar words. Furthermore, learning consonants and vowels should come first rather than studying letters at the first stages of learning Korean.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.178-185
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• 2021

Sequence to sequence(S2S) 기반 음성인식 후처리기를 훈련하기 위한 학습 데이터 구축을 위해 (음성인식 결과(speech recognition sentence), 전사자(phonetic transcriptor)가 수정한 문장(Human post edit sentence))의 병렬 말뭉치가 필요하며 이를 위해 많은 노동력(human-labor)이 소요된다. BackTranScription (BTS)이란 기존 S2S기반 음성인식 후처리기의 한계점을 완화하기 위해 제안된 데이터 구축 방법론이며 Text-To-Speech(TTS)와 Speech-To-Text(STT) 기술을 결합하여 pseudo 병렬 말뭉치를 생성하는 기술을 의미한다. 해당 방법론은 전사자의 역할을 없애고 방대한 양의 학습 데이터를 자동으로 생성할 수 있기에 데이터 구축에 있어서 시간과 비용을 단축 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 BTS를 바탕으로 제주어 도메인에 특화된 음성인식 후처리기의 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 모델 수정(model modification)을 통해 성능을 향상시키는 모델 중심 접근(model-centric) 방법론과 모델 수정 없이 데이터의 양과 질을 고려하여 성능을 향상시키는 데이터 중심 접근(data-centric) 방법론에 대한 비교 분석을 진행하였다. 실험결과 모델 교정없이 데이터 중심 접근 방법론을 적용하는 것이 성능 향상에 더 도움이 됨을 알 수 있었으며 모델 중심 접근 방법론의 부정적 측면 (negative result)에 대해서 분석을 진행하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of task training for cognitive activation of upper extremity on upper limb function and activities of daily living and to suggest intervention in rehabilitation treatment. From January to February of 2018, nine stroke patients were arbitrated 30 minutes a day, five days a week, for four weeks. For the experimental group, the therapist has induced the group using the linguistic guidance to patients, so they utilize the cognition strategy. The control group conducted active exercises in a range of motion using the instruments and passive exercises in a range of motion to reduce the stiffness of joints and upper limbs. As muscle strengthening exercises, the patients were assigned to work on the biceps muscle of arm, triceps muscle of arm, and deltoid according to the individual patient's muscular strength level. For the experimental group, the MBI was improved by ten points at maximum, and K-AMPS motor skills showed the improvements of 1.0 logit at maximum, and processing skills showed improvements of 0.6 logits at maximum. In MFT, the maximum improvement was by two points. For the control group, MBI was improved by five points at maximum, and 0.2 maximum improvements were shown in K-AMPS' motor skills and 0.3 maximum improvements in processing skills. MFT showed no change. The conclusion is that the challenges to enable training for stroke patients give a positive impact on upper limb function and activities of daily living.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.7-18
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• 2023

Objective : This study aimed to confirm the research characteristics by analyzing the literature that applied the school readiness programs for children with disabilities. Methods : Studies were collected from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Research Information Sharing Service databases. The key terms were "School readiness" AND ("Occupational Therapy" OR "Rehabilitation") in English and Korean. Total eight articles were selected through the selection and exclusion criteria. Results : The programs included multi-type training, motor skill training, parent training, and mobile application training. The providers were psychologists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, speech pathologists, community workers, educators, and the psychologists who conducted most of the research. The program factors can be classified into academic function, motor function, social function, parental training, and others. Academic and social functions accounted for the largest proportion of the respondents. The intervention improved multiple skills, literacy, parenting skills, and gross fine motor function. Conclusion : This study aimed to provide basic data for school-based occupational therapy by analyzing school readiness programs for children with disabilities. Recently, interest in and research on school readiness has increased. Occupational therapists should also establish their roles in the field of school-related rehabilitation and provide various school-based occupational therapies.