• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 2001

Asparagus varieties popular in the foreign countries were collected and tested on their productivities and qualities for five years under rain shelter and open field conditions. Among the tested varieties, cultivars of UC309 and Excel showed superior productivity to the others in spear weight but the initial growth was not different among the tested varieties. However, the growth index was higher than the other varieties. According to the result from eight-year experiment, the best variety in productivity and quality were UC309 and Excel both for rain shelter and open field cultivations. To avoid the damage caused by stem blight, rain shelter and soil surface mulching treatments were tested with var. Excel. The spear sprouting and first harvesting date were a few days earlier in rain shelter cultivation than in open field, but there were no differences among the mulching materials. The number of spears and the spear weight per plant were increased in rain shelter cultivation, especially with rice straw and black P.E. mulching treatments. Marketable yield also increased by 253% in black P.E film mulching in rain shelter cultivation compared to non-mulching in open field. The stem blight examined in the autumn, 1997 was not observed under rain shelter treatment, but severe damage was observed in the open field regardless of the mulching materials. In the experiments, high asparagus yield could be achieved by black P.E. film mulching in rain shelter cultivation without the occurrence of stem blight.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.641-647
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• 2015

This study was conducted to select native ground cover plants for sod culture in an organic apple orchard by estimating the effect of three native ground cover plants, Glechoma hederacea, Thymus magnus, and Ixeris stolonifera, on the soil coverage, time-periodic weed occurrence, fruit characteristics, and soil chemical properties. The plant height of G. hederace, T. magnus and I. stolonifera were 15.0 ㎝, 13.4 ㎝ and 7.2 ㎝, respectively. The dry weight of G. hederace, T. magnus and I. stolonifera were 463 ㎏/10a, 247 ㎏/10a, and 255 ㎏/10a, respectively. The plant height and dry weight of G. hederacea were higher than in the other species. T. magnus and I. stolonifera having relatively lower soil cover rate during their life cycle produced a lot of weeds in the orchard as compared with the control. In contrast, G. hederacea showed 100 percentage of ground cover in the first year, and maintained high percentage of ground cover in the growing season of ‘Tsugaru’ apple for another 2 years. When the soil was covered with G. hederacea in the orchard for 3 years, the amount of weed was only 114 ㎏/10a and number of weeding was also reduced about 33% compared with control as well as the other species. There were no differences in the tree growth and fruit characteristics between the native ground cover plants and the control; however, positive effects of native ground cover plants on soil chemical properties were found. In G. hederacea, available P₂O₄content in soils remarkably increased and was a significant difference among native species. In addition, cation (Ca, Mg and K) content in soils increased by 39% in Ca, 6% in Mg, and 11% in K at G. hederacea compared with control. These results suggest that G. hederacea could be advantageous in terms of reducing the amount of herbicide applied and the labor required for weed control, and controlling soil chemical properties; therefore, it is a good candidate for sod culture in an organic apple orchard.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2018

본 연구는 북방계 식물에 속하는 두메우드풀[Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R.Br.]의 전엽체 증식 및 포자체 형성을 위한 적정방법을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 식물재료는 경상북도 의성군 일대에서 채취한 후 청주의 일반하우스에 이식하여 재배하였다. 포자 성숙기인 8월에 채종하여 발아시켰으며, 포자로부터 획득한 전엽체를 8주간 계대하면서 실험재료로 사용하였다. 전엽체 300mg을 메스로 다진 후 배지농도 및 종류(Knop, 1/4, 1/2, 1 및 2MS)를 달리하여 8주간 배양하였다. 배양실의 온도는 $25{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, 광도는 $30{\pm}1.0{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$(16/8h)로 조절되었다. 연구의 결과, 배지구성물질의 농도가 높았던 2MS배지에서 전엽체의 생체중이 12.4g으로 41배 증가하여 가장 높은 증식율을 나타냈다. 또한 배지구성물질의 농도가 적을수록 생체중의 증가폭도 함께 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 포자체 형성에 적합한 토양조건을 확인하고자, 원예상토, 피트모스, 펄라이트 및 마사토의 비율을 달리한 5종류의 혼합토양을 조성하여 사각분($7.5{\times}7.5{\times}7.5cm$)에 충진하였다. 다음으로 전엽체 1g을 핸드블랜더로 10초간 분쇄 후 충진된 사각분 위에 고르게 분주하여 14주간 재배하였다. 재배환경은 온도 $25{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, 광도 $43{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$(16/8h) 및 습도 $72{\pm}2.0%$로 조절되었다. 지베렐린 수용액이 포자체 형성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자, 선행연구에서 선발된 토양조건을 기준으로 침지농도(0, 50, 100, $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)를 조절하여 1시간 침지 후 상기와 동일한 방법으로 재배하였다. 연구의 결과, 원예상토와 펄라이트 또는 마사토를 2:1(v:v)로 혼용한 토양에서 사각분 당 109.5, 128.8개의 포자체가 형성되었다. 한편, 피트모스가 첨가된 처리는 포자체의 형성이 억제되는 경향을 나타냈다. 지베렐린 50과 $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 수용액에 침지한 처리에서 무처리에 비해 많은 사각분 당 각 177.0, 181.7개의 포자체가 형성되었으며, 생육도 양호하였다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.424-432
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• 2016

This experiment was carried out to compare growth and fruit setting characteristics in ten winter-planted paprika (Capsicim annuum L.) cultivars. Five red line paprika cultivars ('Maduro', 'Maranello', 'Nagano', 'Sirocco' and 'Special') and five yellow line paprika cultivars ('Coletti', 'Sven', 'Thialf', 'Volante' and 'Zagato') were used for this study. The experiment was performed for 42 weeks, from winter of 2013 to autumn of 2014. Based on the growth stages of paprika, growth characteristics were investigated six times, and each investigation was categorized from group 1 through group 6. The relative internode ratio showed a normal range at the early growth stage, but tended to gradually decline as growth progressed. This trend was greater in red line paprika than in yellow line paprika. Among the cultivars used for this experiment, 'Special' and 'Zagato' showed growth inhibition, whereas 'Maranello' and 'Volante' kept a balanced growth during summer cultivation. The fruit set percentage in yellow paprika was 10.8% higher than in red paprika, while the number of branches in yellow paprika was 4.1% less than in red paprika. When measured after the full fruiting age, from June to July, the number of fruit set in group 4 was much lower in 'Sirocco' and 'Coletti' than in any of the other cultivars, indicating that they were more sensitive to the growth environment during the rainy season. These findings suggest that 'Maranello', 'Nagano', 'Sven', 'Thialf', and 'Volante' could be effectively used for summer cultivation in a high-plastic-film greenhouse, and 'Maranello', 'Special', 'Volante', and 'Zagato' could be good candidates for a low-plastic-film greenhouse.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.34-34
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• 2019

털부처꽃(Lythrum salicaria L.)은 7~8월에 최산꽃차례로 붉은 자주색의 꽃이 피며, 밀원식물로 이용된다. 또한 예로부터 발효해서 술로 마시고 잎은 채소로 식용하였으며, 식중독 치료 및 설사를 멈추게 하는 효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 식물이다. 한국, 중국, 아프리카, 유럽, 북아메리카 등의 습한 지역에 분포한다. 본 연구는 다방면으로 이용이 가능한 털부처꽃을 관상용 소재로 개발하기 위한 최적의 유묘 재배 기술을 확립하기 위해 수행되었다. 유리온실 내에서 2019년 4월 27일에 종자를 파종하여 8주간 육묘하였다. 파종 용기는 162, 200 및 288 트레이로 달리하였으며, 토양 실험은 원예상토와 피트모스:펄라이트 3:1, 4:1 혼용토를 사용하였다. 파종립수 실험은 200구 트레이에 셀 당 1, 2, 4 및 6립으로 달리하였고, 추비는 hyponex (6.5-6-19)를 0, 250, 500, $1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$의 농도로 출아 후 2주 간격으로 총 3회 엽면시비하였다. 또한 차광 실험은 0, 55, 75%로 설정하였다. 대조구는 200구 트레이에 원예상토를 충진하고 셀당 1립씩 파종하여 무차광 조건에서 육묘하였으며, hyponex $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$를 추비하였다. 연구의 결과, 파종용기에 따른 털부처꽃 유묘는 셀 당 토양의 양이 가장 많은 162구 트레이에서 왕성하였다. 토양 종류별 실험은 원예상토 단용구에서 모든 생육이 양호한 결과를 보였으며, 피트모스와 펄라이트의 혼용토에서는 생육이 억제되었다. 파종립수에 따른 초장의 유의적인 생육 차이는 없었으나, 전반적인 생육은 1립 파종에서 우수하였다. 한편 2립 또는 4립을 파종구에서 비교적 생육이 양호하고 풍성하게 보이는 효과가 있어 관상적 이용에 적합할 것으로 생각되었다. 추비처리는 hyponex의 농도가 가장 높은 $1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리구에서 유묘의 생육이 가장 양호하였고, $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리에서는 무처리와 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 차광처리는 털부처꽃의 유묘 재배시 전반적인 생육을 증가시켰으며, 55% 차광에서 가장 우수하였다. 결론적으로 털부처꽃의 육묘는 162구 트레이에 원예상토를 충진한 다음 셀 당 2립 또는 4립을 파종하고 55% 차광 조건에서 재배하는 것이 효과적이며, 추비는 hyponex $1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$를 처리하는 것이 양묘 생산에 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.40-40
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• 2021

곤달비(Ligularia stenocephala)는 쌍떡잎식물, 국화과의 다년생 초본식물로서 한국·일본·타이완·중국 등에 분포하고, 우리나라는 전남 홍도가 특산 자생지이며 주로 강원도, 경북 경주, 전북 남원 등지에서 재배되고 있다. 곤달비는 어린 부분을 생채, 데친 나물, 국거리, 튀김, 묵나물로 식용한다. 특수 성분으로는 Isopropenyl, dimethoxybenzofuran, Liguhodgsonal, Ligujapon, Ligularinone A, Ligularinone B 등이며 신경을 안정시키는 진정작용, 진통억제, 정기를 보익하고 허약함을 보하는 기능이 있고, 한방에서는 뿌리가 신경통, 유종(乳腫) 등에 쓰인다. 곤달비는 주로 시설하우스나 노동력이 많이 드는 임간에서 재배되어 생산 단가가 높아 소비활성화를 위한 가공제품을 생산하기가 힘들며, 육묘 또한 시설하우스에서 주로 이뤄지고 있다. 본 연구는 곤달비 노지육묘 파종시기별 생육특성을 구명하여 노지재배 생력화 재배기술을 확립하고자 2019년 4월부터 2020년 11월까지 전라북도농업기술원 허브산채시험장(해발 500m)에서 수행하였다. 춘파는 2019년 4월 상순, 5월 상순, 6월 상순에 각각 파종하였고 추파는 2019년 9월 상순, 중순, 하순에 파종하였다. 본포 정식은 춘파는 2019년 6월 말에, 추파는 2020년 4월 말에 식재하였으며, 파종시기별 발아율, 활착률, 생육특성, 수량성 등을 조사한 결과 파종시기별 발아율은 춘파가 35.0%로 추파 30.7%보다 높았으며, 발아 소요일수는 추파 육묘에서 8.3일로 춘파 육묘 9.3일보다 빨랐다. 파종시기별 정식시 묘소질은 춘파가 추파보다 좋은 생육상태를 보였고, 정식 후 육묘 활착률은 추파가 99.3%로 춘파 94%보다 높았고, 생존율 또한 추파 육묘에서 99.3%로 춘파 육묘 96.3%보다 높았다. 파종시기별 생육특성은 처리간 유의한 차이는 없지만 춘파에서 좀 더 좋은 생육을 보였으며, 수확량은 춘파 처리구에서 798.6kg/10a로 추파 처리 621.4kg/10a보다 높았다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 2023

The onion moth, Acrolepiopsis sapporensis, was monitored in the farms cultivating the welsh onion, Allium fistulosum, using sex pheromone from transplantation to harvest. Two occurrence peaks were observed at early June and late July after the overwintering population. However, the population sizes were varied among different years and the cultivating environments. To effectively control A. sapporensis with microbial pesticides, different Bacillus thuringiensis strains were screened to select B. thuringiensis kurstaki (BtK). To enhance the insecticidal virulence of BtK, the culture broth of Photorhabdus temperata temperata (Ptt) was added to the BtK. This mixture of two entomopathogenic bacteria was called 'BtPlus', which was superior to BtK alone in the insecticidal virulence. The enhanced virulence was explained by the immunosuppressive activity of the secondary metabolites contained in the Ptt extract. The metabolites inhibited both cellular and humoral immune responses of A. sapporensis, resulting in the enhanced virulence of BtK. These results suggest that A. sapporensis occurs in the welsh onion fields and the resulting economic damage would be effectively prevented by BtPlus application.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.6
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• pp.748-756
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• 2009

The key for cultivating Lentinula edodes in sawdust bags with an appropriate strain and medium is to encourage the mushroom growth, while discouraging contaminating fungi by controlling environment, especially temperature and relative humidity (RH). To investigate the daily and seasonal fluctuation of temperature and RH in two L. edodes cultivation sheds types, HOBO data loggers was set and the collected data were analyzed. In a Taiwan type L. edodes cultivation shed, temperature and humidity changes were divided into five characteristic periods: mycelium growing winter, mushroom fruiting spring, mushroom fruiting early summer, mushroom nonfruiting summer and mushroom fruiting autumn. First, the mycelium growing winter was December to early March with daily mean temperature of $-1{\sim}8^{\circ}C$. Second, mushroom fruiting spring was mid March to late May with daily mean temperature of $8{\sim}21^{\circ}C$ and day-night temperature difference of $15^{\circ}C$. Third, the Mushroom fruiting early summer was early June to early July with 17 to $25^{\circ}C$. Fourth, nonfruiting summer was mid July to mid August with daily mean temperature of $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$. Lastly, mushroom fruiting autumn was late August to October with daily mean temperature of $10{\sim}23^{\circ}C$ and with cyclic temperature change by $7^{\circ}C$ decrease and 5 increase every 5 to 7 days. In a Chinese type shed, temperature ranged $-1.9{\sim}5.0^{\circ}C$ during winter and $15{\sim}32^{\circ}C$ during June to October. Temperature and relative humidity changed $12{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and 40~100%, respectively, depending on 0~150 cm shelf heights of by positions in the shed. In conclusion, to grow L. edodes but to discourage contaminating fungi, that is, not to be too high in temperature and RH, the growers changed temperature and RH by adjusting shading, aeration and insulation in the shed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.1 s.81
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• pp.82-90
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• 2007

In an attempt to establish the appropriate ventilation device for the bottle culture of king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii), we investigated carbon dioxide concentration and fruiting body formation according to the various ventilation systems within the mushroom house. In addition to, the efficiency of air circulation and growth rate as well as the appearance of physiologically abnormal phenotypes during their growth stage were also evaluated. four different ventilation devices, parallel-pressure type, positive-pressure type, negative-pressure type, and positive- and negative-pressure type were applied in this study. The positive-and negative-pressure type showed the highest efficiency of air circulation as $CO_2$ concentration was 800 ppm and the level of air current was relatively low compared to the other types (the $CO_2$ concentration of parallel-pressure type was 1,400 ppm). Moreover, the stipe length, the cap diameter, yield, and general quality grown in positive- and negative type ventilation device were also better than in the other three devices though it took slightly longer period for harvesting (18.4 days) than the others (17.6, 17.9 and 18.3 days). The appearance of physiologically abnormal phenotypes such as fruiting body lump, soft rot, and brown rot were significantly decreased in positive-and negative type compared to other types, while the appearance rates were not much different for other symptoms of bacterial ooze, stipe limb and stipe bumpy. In summary, we propose that the optimal ventilation system for the bottle culture of king oyster mushroom is positive- and negative type, and this device is expected to increase the total quality as well as yield all year around.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.354-360
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• 2012

The effect of the wavelength of the light emitted by the light-emitting diode (LED) on the growth characteristics and physicochemical and sensory qualities of Pleurotus eryngii were investigated. Pleurotus eryngii were grown under different light sources: blue light (450 nm), red light (650 nm), green light (525 nm), UV-A (365 nm), and mixed light ($B^*R$, $B^*G$, $R^*G$, $B^*R^*G^*UV-A$). The quantity of LED light was set up at 50% (LED: 64.9-108.0 $pmolm-2{\cdot}s-1$;fluorescentlight:11.7lux). Fluorescent light was used as control. There were no significant differences in the flesh firmness. In the case of the Pleurotuseryngii cultivated under red, green, and mixed light ($R^*G$), the color of the pileus and the length of the stipe were similar to those of the control group. The sensory scores were not significantly different between the LED lights (red, green, and $R^*G$) and the control. Among the three LED light conditions, the sample cultivated under red light recorded the highest score. The samples under UV-A, blue, and mixed light ($B^*R$, $B^*G$, $B^*R^*G^*U$) had a dark pileus color and had a short stipe. These results showed that the wavelength of LED light affected the growth and quality characteristics of Pleurotus eryngii, and that using red LED light is preferable for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii with better quality.