• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.229-247
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of mothers' parenting stress according to the knowledge and behaviors that mothers have on infant development. The subjects of this study are 145 mothers whose infants range in age from 18 to 36 months. The instruments used are: 1) Knowledge of Child Development Inventory (KCDI) (Larsen & Juhasz, 1986), 2) Q-sort modified by Ahn (2001), 3) Parenting Stress Scale (PSS) (Kim & Kang, 1997), and a demographic questionnaire. The data analyses used SPSS 12.0 which employs basic statistics, a reliability test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. The results of this study indicate a correlation (r= -.20*) between behaviors of child-rearing and parenting stress of mothers. Specifically, mothers behaviors of child-rearing related to cognition development could predict parenting stress.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.369-389
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• 2013

The main purposes of this study were to analyze the moderating effect of parenting knowledge in the relationship between socio-demographic factors and parenting style. This study was conducted with the data from 'Panel Study Korean Children(2009).' Among the original data, a sample of 1,637 mothers with infants ranged from 13 to 18 months old was selected. The results of this study were as follows. First, there were significant differences in child's birth-order, mother's education level, and monthly family income. Second, there was a statistically significant difference in the parenting style of mothers in their parenting knowledge. That is, the mother with a high score in parenting knowledge reported more positive parenting style. Lastly, the interaction effects between socio-demographic variables and parenting knowledge on parenting style were statistically significant only with the variables such as child's birth-order and mother's education level. The mothers who cared for their first child and got a high score in parenting knowledge showed the most desirable parenting style, and the mothers whose educational level was under high school graduation and parenting knowledge score was low reported the lowest score in parenting style. These results suggest parenting knowledge should be subject-specifically provided as the differences in socio-demographic variables.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.87-102
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine which variables of interest could be used to predict the development of infants. The variables of interest in this study were demographic variables regarding to the infants and mothers, maternal knowledge of infant development, maternal self-efficacy, maternal parenting stress, and infant development. The participants consisted of 252 infant-mother pairs and all infants included in this study were 15 months to 36 months of age. The development of Infants was assessed by classroom teachers. Data regarding the mothers’' demographic information, maternal knowledge of infant development, maternal self-efficacy, and maternal stress were gathered by maternal self-reported questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t tests, and regression analyses. The primary results demonstrated that family income, maternal infant knowledge, and maternal parenting stress were predictive of the infant development. In addition, different patterns in the results of the stepwise multiple regression were observed among the infant’'s of different age. Implications for research and practice were discussed along with the results of study.

• Proceedings of the KHMA Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.277-277
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• 2011

• Proceedings of the KHMA Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.293-293
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the KHMA Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.87-94
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• 2002

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among the mother's knowledge of infant development, mother's parenting stress, maternal parenting behavior and infant development. Participations in this study included 2078 infants(1056 boys, 1022 girls) and their mother. The major results of this study were as follows: First mother's knowledge of infants showed positive effects on maternal parenting behaviors, and mother's parenting stress showed negative effects on maternal parenting behaviors. Second, maternal parenting behaviors and mother's knowledge of infants showed positive effect on infant development. But maternal parenting stress didn't show direct effect on infant development. In conclusion, maternal parenting behaviors partially mediated between mother's knowledge of infants and infant development, and fully mediated between mother's parenting stress and infant development.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.19-41
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between the infants' mother's parenting stresses and their environmental factors. The participants were 625 employed and 1453 non employed mothers from the Korean children panel in 2008. The collected data were analyzed by t-test and hierarchical regressions. The results are as follows. 1) The infant mothers experienced the medium level of parenting stresses. They reported the high level stresses in the parenting costs, the selecting parenting information, and the responsibility in their child's emotional stability. 2) The non employed mothers perceived more difficulties in the parenting situations than the employed mothers. The employed mothers perceived their environment and their parenting itself in positive way. They were in the good psychological conditions, having a well relationship with the husbands. They also had more knowledge in the child rearing and social supports. 3) The mother's psychological factors showed the high explanation power on their parenting stresses. 4) The father's parenting assistant affected the mother's parenting stresses only in the non employed mother.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.68-85
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of mothers' condition including the level of knowledge and parenting stress that mothers have on infant development. The subjects of this study are 270 mothers whose infants range in age from birth to 36 months. The instruments used are: 1)KCDI(Knowledge of Child Development Inventory, Larsen & Juhasz, 1985) 2)Parenting Stress Scale(Kim & Kang, 1997), and a demographic questionnaire. The data analyses use SPSS 12.0 which employs basic statistics, reliability test, and t-test. This study is time-lag design covering five years. Therefore, the data collected originates from 2002 and 2007 to constitute input from two times. The results of this study indicate that the average pregnancy from the 2007 statistics occurred 0.46 months earlier, after marriage, as compared to pregnancies in 2002. Mothers who gave birth by natural birth increased from 59.9 % to 75.3 % over the five year period. Regarding knowledge of infant development, the level of mothers' knowledge was lower in 2007 than in 2002 according to study results. The level of parenting stress of mothers increased for the 2007 statistics as compared to the 2002 survey.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.77-96
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among mother's psychological characteristics(self-esteem, self-efficacy, and depression), parenting related factors(maternal parenting stress and mother's knowledge on infant development), maternal parenting style, and two-year-old infants' development. The participants consisted of 1735 mothers and their two-year old infants selected from a sample of the 3rd Panel Study of Korean Children(PSKC) by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education(KICCE), conducted in 2010. Data were analyzed by means of a Structural Equation Model(SEM) to identify the structure and relationships among the various factors. The significance of direct and indirect effects to test the mediating effect of maternal parenting style were identified via bootstrapping. The results indicated that maternal parenting style most definitely mediated the relationship among the mother's psychological characteristics(self-esteem and self-efficacy), parenting related factors(maternal parenting stress and mother's knowledge on Infant development) and the development of their two-year-old infants.