• Title/Summary/Keyword: 어깨 각도

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Localizing Head and Shoulder Line Using Statistical Learning (통계학적 학습을 이용한 머리와 어깨선의 위치 찾기)

  • Kwon, Mu-Sik
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.32 no.2C
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    • pp.141-149
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    • 2007
  • Associating the shoulder line with head location of the human body is useful in verifying, localizing and tracking persons in an image. Since the head line and the shoulder line, what we call ${\Omega}$-shape, move together in a consistent way within a limited range of deformation, we can build a statistical shape model using Active Shape Model (ASM). However, when the conventional ASM is applied to ${\Omega}$-shape fitting, it is very sensitive to background edges and clutter because it relies only on the local edge or gradient. Even though appearance is a good alternative feature for matching the target object to image, it is difficult to learn the appearance of the ${\Omega}$-shape because of the significant difference between people's skin, hair and clothes, and because appearance does not remain the same throughout the entire video. Therefore, instead of teaming appearance or updating appearance as it changes, we model the discriminative appearance where each pixel is classified into head, torso and background classes, and update the classifier to obtain the appropriate discriminative appearance in the current frame. Accordingly, we make use of two features in fitting ${\Omega}$-shape, edge gradient which is used for localization, and discriminative appearance which contributes to stability of the tracker. The simulation results show that the proposed method is very robust to pose change, occlusion, and illumination change in tracking the head and shoulder line of people. Another advantage is that the proposed method operates in real time.

Observation on Neck Form Changes Related to Aging in Men(Part I) -Using the Sliding Gause Measurement Method- (성인남자 목부위의 연령별 형태변화에 관한 연구(제1보) -슬라이딩 게이지법에 의한 분석-)

  • 이영숙
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.252-262
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    • 1994
  • As a means to get a better understanding of the kind of form changes to which is subject the neck of the men, in its aging process, several measurement recordings on a vertical and horizontal sections were carried. Subjects were young, middle aged and elder men (15 in their twenties, 11 in their forties and again 11 in their sixties) 1) The analysis of the meansurement results led us to distinguish 3 types of subjects according to the position of the their Adam's apple with regard to the horizontal plane containing their 7th cervical vertebrae point : clearly above (Type I), next to(Type II), clearly below(Type III). We found that young men correspond to the Type I and II, middle aged men to the Type ll and 111 and elder men only to the Type III. 2) The comparison of the horizontal sectional surface contained in the planes corresponding to the 4 points, shows a larger sectional surface for elder men in the Adam's apple plane, accompanied by a change of position of the Adam's apple forwards. As for the front neck point plane, the body sectiolial surface is larger in depth in elder men, without much change in breadth. And for the acromion point plane, we observed also an increase in depth, but with a decrease in breadth corresponding partially to the atrophy of the thoraric cage in eldermen.

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A Study on the Burr Formation in Shearing with Al Alloy (Al 합금의 전단작업시 발생하는 버어에 관한 연구)

  • Ko, Dae-Lim;Jung, Dong-Won;Kim, Jim-Moo;Lee, Kyung-Sick
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.17-21
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    • 2007
  • Shearing including punching, blanking, trimming, slitting, etc is one of the most frequently used processes in sheet metal manufacturing. It has been widely used for manufacturing autobody, electronic components, aircraftbody, etc. In this paper, it has been researched by the experiment to examine the effect of burr height corresponding to die clearance, cutting angle, tool sharpness, etc. This paper presents the experimental results with using Al alloy sheet.

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A Study on Shoulder Joint Motions in the Caudal Gliding of Kaltenborn-Evjenth Concept (칼텐본-에비엔즈컨셉의 어깨관절 아래쪽미끄러뜨림 적용시 관절의 이동성 연구)

  • Choi, Wan-Suk;Park, Ju-Hyun;Jung, Bong-Jae;Moon, Ok-Kon;Min, Kyung-Ok;An, Ho-Jung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.6 no.5
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    • pp.427-433
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    • 2012
  • This study aimed at identifying changes in the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) and arm when the caudal gliding gradeII and III of Kaltenborn-Evjenth Concept$^{(R)}$ are applied to the right glenohumeral joint. The humeral head moved down about 5mm from the initial position when the gliding gradeII was applied, and about 8mm from the initial position when the gliding gradeIII was applied. Although men showed a higher acromiohumeral distance per grade than women in comparisons by gender for the acromiohumeral distance, there was no significant difference in statistics. The Abduction angle improved about $10^{\circ}$ from the initial angle when the gliding gradeII was applied, and about $12^{\circ}$ from the initial angle when the gliding gradeIII was applied. Although women showed the abduction angle greater than men for every grade in comparisons by gender for the abduction angle, there was no significant difference in statistics. Based on the aforesaid findings, the extent of kinematic changes in the humeral head could be identified when the gliding grades were applied. Accordingly, it is considered that more scientific evidence based treatments could be expected if influences on the surrounding structures by these changes could be learned through more studies in the future.

Analysis of golf swing motion for specific properties of club shaft (클럽 샤프트(Club Shaft) 특성에 따른 골프 스윙(Golf Swing)동작 분석)

  • Kim, Sung-Il;Kim, Ky-Hyoung;Kim, Hyung-Soo;Lee, Hyun-Seob;Kim, Jin-Uk;Ahn, Chan-Gyu;Kim, Hee-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.17-32
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to find the rational method to analyze golf swing with specific property of club shaft. Three subjects were filmed by two high speed digital cameras with 500 fps. The phase analyzed was downswing of each subject. The three-dimensional coordinates of the anatomical landmarks were obtained with motion analysis system Kwon3d 3.0 version and smoothed by lowpass digital filter with cutoff frequency 6Hz. From these data, kinematic and kinetic variables were calculated using Matlab(ver 5.0) The variables for this study were angular velocity and accelerations, which were calculated and following conclusions have been made : 1) Golf swing time of stiff club is faster than that of regular club. 2) In shoulder joint motion of swing with the stiff club, x-stiff showed mort rapid negative acceleration than that of regular club. 3) In regular club, the velocity of club head would be more effective velocity, which was increasing, than those of other clubs before impact. 4) In wrist joint motion of swing with stiff club, x-stiff club showed faster than regular club in the downswing and impact more rapid negative acceleration.

Arm Morbidity after Breast Cancer Treatments and Analysis of Related Factors (유방암 환자의 상지 부작용과 관련 요인)

  • Chun Mi Son;Moon Seong Mi;Lee hye Jin;Lee Eun-Hyun;Song Yeoung Suk;Chung Yong Sik;Park Hee Bung;Kang Seung Hee
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.32-42
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    • 2005
  • Purpose : To evaluate the incidence of arm morbidity following breast cancer surgery including axillary dissection and to identify related factors. Materials and Methods : One hundred and fifty nine patients were studied using a self-report questionnaire and a clinical examination. Lymphedema, reduction of range of motion in shoulder joint and subjective symptoms (pain, impaired arm movement, numbness, stiffness) were evaluated. As related factors, demographic, oncologic characteristics and types of treatment were analysed. Results : The incidence of lymphedema ($\geqq$2 cm difference comparing to unaffected arm) was $6.3\%$, $10.7\%$, $22.5\%$ and $23.3\%$ at each 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm from wrist. Reduction of range of motion in shoulder joint ($\geqq$ 20 degree difference comparing to unaffected arm) was noted In more than 1/3 patients for flexion, abduction and internal rotation. Especially the reduction of range of motion in internal rotation was severe ($>50\%$ reduction) in 1/3 patients. Approximately 50 to $60\%$ of patients complained impaired arm movement, numbness, stiffness and pain. Body mass index (BMI) was the significant risk factor for lymphedema. Conclusion : Lymphedema was present in 1/3 of patients and the common sites of edema were 30 cm 40 cm proximal from the wrist. Also most severe reduction of range of motion in shoulder joint was with internal rotation. There needs weight control for lymphedema because BMI was the significant risk factor for lymphedema. Also rehabilitation program for range of motion especially internal rotation In shoulder joint should be developed.

Analysis of Correlation Coefficient between head posture and muscle stiffness of cervical extensor muscles

  • Kim, Jeong-Ja;Wang, Joong-San
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.129-135
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of the head posture with the tone and stiffness of the cervical extensor muscles. Eighty adults in their twenties were chosen as subjects, and the tone and stiffness of the cervical extensor muscles were measured, with their usual head posture in the sagittal plane. For the measured head posture, the craniovertebral angle (CVA), craniorotation angle (CRA), and forward shoulder angle (FSA) were analyzed using Image J. It was observed that the tone and stiffness of the upper trapezius muscle increased significantly with a decrease in the CVA as well as with an increase in the CRA (p < 0.05). As a result of further classification into the normal and forward head postures based on the CVA of the subjects, the forward head posture was characterized by a significant increase in the tone and stiffness of the upper trapezius muscle (p<.05). The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for the evaluation of the forward head posture and posture education in clinical practice.

The change of muscle thickness in accordance with angle of shoulder joint and hip joint at the Quadrupedal position (네발기기자세에서 어깨관절과 엉덩관절의 각도 변화에 따른 근 두께 변화)

  • Han, Jong-Man;Kim, Keum-Sook
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.934-939
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study unit a Quadrupedal position of limbs due to changes in the thickness of the trunk muscles to find out, by comparing the difference in muscle activity fours spinal stabilization devices do you need to choose an effective stance is to provide the data. The subjects C # 29 University students healthy adults were recruited. The Rectus abdominis muscle and the transversus abdominis and internal oblique abdominal muscle, external oblique abdominal muscle should be measured. The results of this study Lt. IO, EO, TrA, Rt. TrA, Muscle showed significant differences among the positions. The study reveals that the exercises in Quadrupedal position can activate trunk muscles and the degrees of muscle activities can vary according to the angle.

Characteristics of Somatotype for Boys of Elementary School Age II -Characteristics of factor for upper and lower half in Each Period of School Ages- (학령기(만 7세-만 12세) 남아의 체형특성II-학령기별 상.하반식 체형구성인자특성을 중심으로-)

  • 권영숙
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.49
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    • pp.25-48
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study is to offer fundamental data for classification of somatotype for boys of elementary school age. The subject were 458 elementary school boys aged from 7 to 12 living in Pusan, Data were collected by 57 anthropometric and 11 photographic measurements and analyzed by factor analysis according to SAS package 1. Through the factor analysis by each period of school ages 6-7 factor were obtained in upper half and they are as followings: 1) Factor 1 is horizontal size of upper half in every period 2) Factor 2 is vertical size of upper half in every period 3) Factor 3 is shoulder shape in the first period and length of upper half in the middle and latter period 4) Facto 4 sis length of upper half in the first period and shoulder shape in the middle and latter period 5) Factor 5 is angle shape of the breast and back in the first period angle shape of the lower breast and back in the middle of period and angle shape of the upper breast and back in the latter of period 6) Factor 6 is angle of shoulder in the first period angle shape of the upper breast and back in the middle of period and angle shape of the lower breast and back in the latter of period 7)Factor 7 is angle of shoulder in the latter of period 2. Through the factor analysis by each period of school ages 5-6 factor were obtained in lower half and they are as followings: 1) factor 1 is horizontal size of upper half in every period 2) Factor 2 is vertical size of upper half in every period 3) Pactor 3 is angle shape of the belly and upper buttock in the first period and length of lower half in the middle and latter period 5) Factor 5 is angle shape of the lower buttock in the first period angle shape of the upper belly and buttock in the middle of period and angle of the side posture in the latter of period 6) Factor 6 is angle shape of the lower buttock in the middle of period and angle shape of the lower belly and buttock

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Comparative Analysis of Korean and American Body Sizes & Shapes using 3D Scanned Anthropometric Data (한국과 미국 성인의 3차원 인체 치수 비교)

  • Yi, Kyong-Hwa;Istook, Cynthia;Kang, Yeo-Sun;Choi, Hei-Sun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.31 no.6 s.165
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    • pp.892-901
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    • 2007
  • This research is the initial step for establishing a convertible body sizing table applicable to the Korean and American female apparel industry. All 3D female measurement data of the two countries were obtained from Size Korea Project and SizeUSA Project. The sample subjects used in this study were 1,988 Korean and 6,306 American females. Thirty-four(34) variables were chosen as the principal measurements in making garments. The conclusion of this research was as follow: First, it was determined that American women were larger and longer than Korean women in all measurement except shoulder slope measurement. Second, according to the differences analysis of the each age group in Korean Females, all measurements except hip girth had significant differences among the age groups. In case of American females, all measurements except arm length(shoulder to wrist) had significant differences among the age groups. Third, in the comparison of differences between the age groups of the two countries' women, some dimensions varied significantly with age, while others did not show any statistical significance among the age groups. Fourth, according to the t-tests of same age groups between Korean & American female measurements, American female measurements were larger and longer than Korean in all measurements except crotch length total, shoulder slope, hip girth-bust girth and hip girth-waist girth.