• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.49
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• pp.25-48
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to offer fundamental data for classification of somatotype for boys of elementary school age. The subject were 458 elementary school boys aged from 7 to 12 living in Pusan, Data were collected by 57 anthropometric and 11 photographic measurements and analyzed by factor analysis according to SAS package 1. Through the factor analysis by each period of school ages 6-7 factor were obtained in upper half and they are as followings: 1) Factor 1 is horizontal size of upper half in every period 2) Factor 2 is vertical size of upper half in every period 3) Factor 3 is shoulder shape in the first period and length of upper half in the middle and latter period 4) Facto 4 sis length of upper half in the first period and shoulder shape in the middle and latter period 5) Factor 5 is angle shape of the breast and back in the first period angle shape of the lower breast and back in the middle of period and angle shape of the upper breast and back in the latter of period 6) Factor 6 is angle of shoulder in the first period angle shape of the upper breast and back in the middle of period and angle shape of the lower breast and back in the latter of period 7)Factor 7 is angle of shoulder in the latter of period 2. Through the factor analysis by each period of school ages 5-6 factor were obtained in lower half and they are as followings: 1) factor 1 is horizontal size of upper half in every period 2) Factor 2 is vertical size of upper half in every period 3) Pactor 3 is angle shape of the belly and upper buttock in the first period and length of lower half in the middle and latter period 5) Factor 5 is angle shape of the lower buttock in the first period angle shape of the upper belly and buttock in the middle of period and angle of the side posture in the latter of period 6) Factor 6 is angle shape of the lower buttock in the middle of period and angle shape of the lower belly and buttock

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.427-433
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• 2012

This study aimed at identifying changes in the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) and arm when the caudal gliding gradeII and III of Kaltenborn-Evjenth Concept$^{(R)}$ are applied to the right glenohumeral joint. The humeral head moved down about 5mm from the initial position when the gliding gradeII was applied, and about 8mm from the initial position when the gliding gradeIII was applied. Although men showed a higher acromiohumeral distance per grade than women in comparisons by gender for the acromiohumeral distance, there was no significant difference in statistics. The Abduction angle improved about $10^{\circ}$ from the initial angle when the gliding gradeII was applied, and about $12^{\circ}$ from the initial angle when the gliding gradeIII was applied. Although women showed the abduction angle greater than men for every grade in comparisons by gender for the abduction angle, there was no significant difference in statistics. Based on the aforesaid findings, the extent of kinematic changes in the humeral head could be identified when the gliding grades were applied. Accordingly, it is considered that more scientific evidence based treatments could be expected if influences on the surrounding structures by these changes could be learned through more studies in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.117-126
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• 2020

In this study, a 3D simulation program was used to produce a bodice prototype of a middle-aged male in their 40s and 50s and then analyze the appearance evaluation and airgap, sectional view, color distribution through virtual wearing to compare and analyze the differences between patterns. Through this, it was intended to provide basic data necessary for pattern development to companies that manufacture and produce clothing for middle-aged men. As a result of analyzing, J pattern was analyzed as the most suitable body shape pattern for middle-aged men. E pattern was too tight and L pattern and N pattern had too much spaces. However, J patternt was analyzed that correction was necessary in setting center back and center front length. The aging phenomenon in which the back is slightly bent forward and shoulders are also inclined is expected to appear, so it is necessary to adjust the front-to-back length, shoulder angle, and shoulder length. It is considered that after developing the research pattern by modifying J pattern, it is necessary to develop a body shape prototype for middle-aged men through actual clothing experiments on middle-aged men.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1440-1443
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• 2004

Shearing including punching, blanking, trimming, slitting, etc is one of the most frequently used processes in sheet metal manufacturing. It has been widely used for manufacturing autobody, electronic components, aircraftbody, etc. In this paper, it has been researched by the experiment to examine the effect of burr height corresponding to die clearance, cutting angle, tool sharpness, etc. This paper presents the experimental results with using Al alloy sheet.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.259-278
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• 2002

This study divided straight success, pade success and failure with 7male golfers who have experiences more than 3 years, analyzed kinematic factors of golf swing to suggest scientifically. The conclusions were follows. 1) The wrist angle has significant difference in straight success, pade success and failure when swing of every pattern. There is no significant difference in pade success and failure. 2) The body twist angle has no significant difference in straight success, pade success and failure when swing of every pattern. There is no significant difference in pade success and failure. 3) The shoulder joint rotation angle has no significant difference in success, pade success and failure when swing of every pattern. There is no significant difference in pade success and failure. 4) The left hip joint vertical angle has no significant difference in straight success, pade success and failure when swing of every pattern. There is no significant difference in pade success and failure. 5) The hip joint rotation angle has no significant difference in straight success, pade success and failure when swing of every pattern. There is no significant difference in pade success and failure. 6) The trunk angle has no significant difference in straight success, pade success and failure when swing of every pattern. There is no significant difference in pade success and failure. 7 )The left knee joint angle has no significant difference in straight success, pade success and failure when swing of every pattern. There is no significant difference in pade success and failure. This study divided golf swing motion of pattern change in straight success, pade success and failure and analyzed the kinematic factors by 3-dimension cinematography to improve performance. In the future, many researchers have to study kinematic analysis to improve performance in every events.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.209-216
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the association of the muscle activity around the neck of the operator(dental hygienists') according to the change in the patient's neck angle during a direct visual inspection on the maxillary right-side molar palatal surface. The operators were $4^{th}$ year dental hygiene students, who are future dentalhy gienists, having accurate understanding on and awareness of the location of the operation site, hand fixation, and how to use the tools. Data on the change in the muscle activity around the neck were collected by using surface electromyography and neck goniometer. SPSS statistics 20 was used for statistical analyses including Shapiro-wilk test and one-way ANOVA. As a result, the activities of the operator upper trapezius, cervical erector spinae, and levator scapulae muscles significantly decreased when the patient's head was angled compared to when it was not. For the angle of the operator head, the head bend significantly decreased when the patient's head was angled than when it was not. Based on the study results, it is expected that angling the patient's head when treating his or her teeth will decrease the excessive muscle activity around the neck of the operator, and will reduce muscle fatigue. Therefore, angling the head of the patient while treating his or her teeth is recommended. This suggests that muscle pain caused by repetitive actions in the wrong posture can be reduced.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.33-37
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study on the effects of deep cervical flexors strengthening exercise to forward head posture and pain of neck in patients with chronic neck pain. Method: We selected 30 subjects among neck pain patients and carried out measurements. The subjects' forward head posture was measured including head tilt angle (HTA), neck flexion angle (NFA) and forward shoulder angle (FSA), neck disability index (NDI), numeric rating scale (NRS). The subjects underwent deep cervical flexors muscle strengthening with pressure bio-feedback device for 4 weeks. Then, after intervention, the subjects' forward head posture was measured again. It was performed Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for confirming the effect of deep cervical flexor muscles strengthening exercise. Results: As a result of comparison of measurements before and after intervention, we found that there were statistically significant improvement in the subjects' NDI, NRS and forward head posture including head tilt angle, neck flexion angle and forward shoulder angle. Conclusion: We concluded that deep cervical flexors strengthening exercise has the effect of alleviation of neck pain patients and is effective for forward head posture.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.19-23
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the muscle activity ratio according to the shoulder abduction angle by identifying the mean muscle activities and calculating the muscle ratios for use in developing strengthening methods. Methods: The participants were healthy adults in their 20s (n=19). The activity of the deltoid middle, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius muscles was measured by 8-channel surface electromyography. Muscle activity was measured during 4 conditions of angle of shoulder abduction: $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, and $120^{\circ}$. The data used in the analysis were the root mean square and % total muscle activity values. Results: The root mean square values for the deltoid middle, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius muscles showed significant differences. No significant differences were detected in the % total muscle activity of the deltoid middle, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, or lower trapezius muscles. Conclusion: Future studies aimed at developing selective shoulder abductor muscle strengthening methods are likely to provide more effective results by using muscle activity ratios.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study was to determine the effect of the plane of movement (sagittal plane vs. scapular plane) and shoulder flexion angle ($90^{\circ}$ vs. $130^{circ}$) during scapular protraction exercises in healthy subjects by investigating the elecromyographic (EMG) activities of the serratus anterior (SA), upper trapezius (UT), and pectoralis major (PM). METHODS: Twenty-one healthy subjects participated in this study. Subjects performed maximal scapular protraction at the $90^{\circ}$ or $130^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion angles in the sagittal or scapular planes. Surface EMG was recorded from the SA and UT, and PM muscles. Dependent variables were examined by 2 (plane) ${\times}$ 2 (angle) repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: Significantly increased EMG activities in the SA and UT were found during scapular protraction exercise at the $130^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion angle in the sagittal and scapular plane. Also, EMG activity of the PM significantly decreased at the $130^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion angle in the sagittal plane and the $90^{\circ}$ and $130^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion in the scapular plane. CONCLUSION: we recommend scapular protraction exercise at the $90^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion in the sagittal plane to selectively strengthen the SA muscle with limitation of upper trapezius activity and at the $130^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion in the scapular plane to selectively strengthen the SA muscle with limitation of pectoralis major activity.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.257-264
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the types and effects of rehabilitation by systematically examining the rehabilitation research for improving the shoulder ROM in breast cancer resection patients. For a systematic review, a total of 8 studies were finally selected through three databases including RISS. As a result of this study, the level of qualitative was 4 studies(50.0%) in level III, and the rehabilitation period varied from 4 weeks to 12 weeks. As for the type of rehabilitation, 3 studies(37.5%) were occupational therapy and physical therapy. The ROM of the shoulder joint was 7 studies(87.5%) of flexion, extension, and external rotation. A goniometer was used in 8 studies(100.0%) to evaluate the ROM of the joint as a measuring tool. This study is expected to provide basic data in the field of convergence when developing and applying interventional protocols for patients with limited ROM due to breast cancer resection.