• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.727-734
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• 2014

To investigate anti-thrombosis and anti-oxidation activities of the root of Arctium lappa L (RALL), which has been used as foodstuff and oriental medicine in Korea, the ethanol extract and its subsequent organic solvent fractions of the RALL were prepared. The yield of ethanol extraction was 10.94%, and the content of total polyphenol and total sugar of ethanol extract were 5.01 and 694.53 mg/g, respectively. The fraction yields of n-hexane, ethylacetate (EA), butanol and water residue were 1.62, 0.42, 5.98 and 85.38%, respectively. In anticoagulation activity assay, the ethanol extract of RALL did not show significant changes in thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), whereas the EA fractions showed 13 folds extended TT, PT, and aPTT respectively. Interestingly, the water residue showed strong activation effect against blood clotting factors with shortened aPTT, which might provide the evidence of coagulation agent of RALL in folk remedy. In anti-platelet aggregation assay, the activity of the ethanol extract and its fractions were comparable to that of aspirin. Especially the EA fraction showed 2-folds higher inhibitory activity than aspirin. In anti-oxidation activity assay, the EA fraction also showed strong in DPPH, ABTS and nitrite scavenging activity, and reducing power activity. The extract and fractions of RALL have ignorable hemolytic activity against human RBC up to 0.5 mg/mL concentration. Our results suggest that the EA fraction of RALL have potentials as safe and novel anti-thrombosis agent.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1993

lntergeneric hybrids formed between Aspergillus niger and Penicillium verruculosum were obtained by nuclear transfer technique. Nuclei isolated from wild type and auxotrophic mutants of donor strains were transferred into the protoplasts of different auxotrophic mutants as recipient strains. Several auxotrophic mutants were isolated from conidiospores of the two strains mutagenized with ultraviolet and N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine. Optimal conditions for formation of intergeneric hybrids were investigated. Frequencies of intergeneric hybrid formation by nuclear transfer were $7{\times}10^{5}~1{\times}10^{5}$. From observations of genetic stability. DNA content. nuclear stain and conidial size. it was suggested that their karyotypes are aneuploid. In addition. the hybrids possess the 1.1~2.3-fold higher cellulase activities than those of parental strains. It was also revealed that some hybrids had different isozyme patterns compared to those of parental strains by CMCase and $\beta$-glucosidase activity assays.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.109-114
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• 2006

최근 Human 지놈 프로젝트를 포함한 다양한 종의 지놈 프로젝트가 수행되고 수많은 지놈정보가 생산되고 있으며 이를 해석하고 서로 연관성를 찾기 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 즉 최신 생명공학과 관련된 연구방향이 DNA의 구조적 해석에서 기능 해석과 유전자들의 상호연관성을 규명하는 방향으로 변화하고 있으며 이를 위한 강력한 도구로서 DNA microarray (DNA chip)는 방대한 양의 지놈 정보를 이용하여 단시간에 대량으로 고속처리하여 효율적으로 유전자 기능을 분석할 수 있는 주목받고 있는 방법이다. DNA microarray 실험과 분석에 있어 데이터분석, 재현성, 종간의 비교, 확인실험 및 비용 등의 문제가 있지만 유전자발현양상 데이터로부터 정확한 환자의 예후를 예측할 수 있는 비교적 적은 유전자 그룹의 진단마커를 찾거나, 하나의 유전자가 아니라 mouse 전체 지놈의 유전자발현 패턴을 인간의 암을 위시한 각종 질병 연구를 위한 발현 신호나 변화 등을 발견하여 신약개발 등에 활용하고자 하는 시도가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 서로 다른 종간에 비슷한 phenotype의 유전자발현도 진화적으로 보존되었다는 전제 하에서 지놈 sequence의 비교연구가 가능하고 DNA microarray 발현 데이터에 근거하여 독립적으로 각 종간의 유전자발현패턴을 비교함으로써 난치병 등을 새롭게 분류할 수 있다. 즉, 암세포 등에서 유전자발현 양상은 유전학적, 환경적 alteration들이 잘 반영되어 있다고 간주하고, 이러한 양상을 바탕으로 인간의 암을 위시한 다양한 질병 연구를 위한 최적의 mouse 모델을 찾을 수 있고, 이는 결국 새로운 치료 방법 개발이나 맞춤의학 실현에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다. 특히 pathway 타겟으로 하는 치료를 위해서는 Human-mouse 비교를 통한 발현 신호를 찾는 것이 진단에서는 매우 유용한 방법이다. 이를 위한 고성능의 분석방법이나 시스템의 개발이 중요하게 된다.. 관류의 정도와 조영증강정도를 중심으로 관류 MR 영상소견과 조직학적 소견을 관련지어 분석하였다. 결과: 조영증강 T1강조MR영상에서 환상조영증강을 보이는 다형성 교보세포종 2예에서는 변연부 외륜이 고관류를, 중심부의 괴사부위는 저관류로 나타났다. 저등급 교종은 경계가 불분명한 저관류부위로 보였다. 뇌농양 2예는 변연부 외륜이 경도의 고관류를, 중심부는 저관류로 나타났다. 뇌수막종은 미만성의 균일한 중등도 혹은 고도의 고관류로 보였으며, 임파종과 배아종은 경계가 명확한 저관류부위로 나타났다. 신경세포종은 종괴\ulcorner 일부에 중등도 혹은 고도의 고관류부위가 관찰되었고, 전이암은 다수병변중 일부에서 중등도의 고관류를 보였다. 방사선괴사는 저관류부위내에 국소적 고관류부위를 보였다. 결론: 관류 MR영상은 뇌종양의 관류상태를 비교적 잘 반영하며, 조직학적 특성을 예측하는데에 도움을 주 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 뇌종야에서의 관류MR영상의 분명한 역할을 규명하기 위해서는 앞으로 더 많은 임상적 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.조증 환자의 자극성 전타액내 lactobacilli양은 peroxidase system을 함유한 세치제를 사용한 군에서 대조군에 비해 상대적으로 낮게 나타났으나(p = 0.067) 통계학적 유의성은 없었다.같은 예에서 찾아 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 발음상으로 동사의 변화형에서 "porte[$p{\jmath}rte$](들다: 현재형), porte[$p{\jmath}rte$](과거분사형), porta[$p{\jmath}rte$](단순과거형)"등이 대립되며, 이휘 "Porto[$p{\jmath}rte$](포르토)"와도 대립된다. 둘째, 어휘적 대립 "le haut[$l{\partial}o$](위)/l'eau[lo](물)"와 형태론적 대립 "le[$l{\partial}$](정관사, 남성단수)/l

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1992

In the our country, especially in Yeongil and Wolsung area, abundant authigenic zeolites are found from the tuffaceous sediments and volcanic rocks of Miocene age showing wide variation in their mineralogy and abundance from horizon to horizon. The principal zeolite species identified are clinopti-lolite. mordenite. heulandite. ferrierite, and erionite. etc. Zeolite minerals are widely used in many countries in the following applications; (a) in air separation adsorption processes; (b)as desiccants; (c)in inorganic building materials; (d)in papermaking; (e)in fertilizers; (f)as soilconditioners-this application is based upon the ability of the zeolite to ion exchange with soil nutrients; (g)in the treatment of radioactive wastes; and (h)as adsorbents for toxic gases, etc. In the present paper, using natural zeolite mordenite treated with IN hydrochloric acid or IN sodium chloride solution as column packings, separation characteristics of argon, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane gases have been studied by gas chromatography. By the use of mordenite treated with hydrochloric acid solution, the tailing peak of methane showed from untreated mordenite was satisfactorily reduced, although it was difficult to separate it from carbon monoxide with a column activated at $300^{\circ}C$. Using a column activated at $350^{\circ}C$, methane could be separated from carbon monoxide easily but only carbon monoxide eluted as a bad defined peak. Mordenite treated with sodium chloride solution was generally similar to chromatograms obtained by using the untreated mordenite. Both the above chemical treatments of mordenite had little effect on the separations of argon and nitrogen. The separations and the HETP values obtained from natural zeolite mordenite treated with continuously hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride solutions were almost identical with those obtained with synthetic molecular sieve 5A zeolite. On the other hand, the efficiency of column was good in the range 20~3Oml/min of the carrier helium gas rate.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-78
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• 2016

This paper discusses on Electronic Payment System between U.S.A. and Canada. In particular, I focused on ACSS compare with FedACH(Fed Automated Clearing House) to advance a research effects. Because both of them is a low-value, high-volume retail payment system which their countries represent. The ACSS(Automated Clearing Settlement System) is the system through which the vast majority of CPA payment items are cleared, through various payment streams. In 2014, ACSS system cleared approximately 6.8billion payments worth a total value of $ 44.9 trillion. While, The FedACH Network are the center of America Commerce, moving more than $40 trillion each year. That's made up of almost 23 billion electronic financial transaction, including direct deposit via ACH, social security and government benefits, electronic bill payments such as utility and mortgage payments. Thus in this article, first of all, I considered features of payment system and the types of payment items between ACSS and FedAch. Second, I analyzed the status of central bank and legal background. Third, I focused on the operational policy and risk aversion policy. Lastly, I suggested that their payment and banking system have to assume, with good reason, more efficiently accurately and securely operation to protect their customer from credit risk and financial fraud.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.238-243
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• 2006

The populations of V. parahaemolyticus were enumerated in oysters collected in wholesale seafood markets in Seoul and tested in various possible condition. The populations of oysters soled in the markets were ranged $<2\sim1.4\times10^6$ MPN/100 g from April to November in 2005. In the case of oysters added with V. parahaemolyticus of $4\times10^3$ CFU/100 g, the highest population numbers were $1.4\times10^7$ CFU/100 g, $5.4\times10^5$ CFU/100 g and $2.7\times10^4$ CFU/100 g at $36^{\circ}C$ after culturing for 15 hours, at $25^{\circ}C$ after 15 hours and at $4^{\circ}C$ after 15 hours, respectively. But the difference of the populations of V. parahaemolticus in oysters stored in the icebox with ice for bulked sale and displayed in stalls on ice for the small packaged sale was not significant. In the case of oysters carried with ambient temperature at $30.8^{\circ}C$, the V. parahaemolyticus density was dramatically increased from $2.7\times10^5$ to $1.4\times10^8$ MPN/100 g. It was indicated it is important to carry the oysters to home with ice after purchase. Even after the washing two times with 21 tap water, the common cooking method in Korea was not greately make the decrease of V. parahaemolyticus density from $1.4\times10^8$ MPN/100 g to $9.0\times10^5$ MPN/100 g. So it is noticed to stored in low temperature after cooking, especially in hot seasons.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3417-3426
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• 2012

This study aims to determine how ownership structure (share-holding ratio of insiders, foreigners) affects agent costs (the portion of asset efficiency or non-operating expenses) through empirical analysis. However, as existing studies on correlations between ownership structure and agent costs adopted Pooled OLS Model, this study focused on additionally formulating Fixed Effect Model and Random Effect Model aimed to reflect the time of data formation and corporate effects as study models based on verification results on the suitability of Pooled-OLS Model before comparative analysis for the purpose of improvement of credibility and statistical validity of the results of empirical analysis based on the premise that the Pooled OLS Model is not reliable enough to verify massive panel data. The data has been accumulated over 10 years from 1998 to 2007 after the IMF crisis hit the nation, from a subject 331 companies except for financial institutions. As a result of the empirical analysis, verification of the suitability of model has determined that the Random Effect Model is appropriate in terms of asset efficiency among agent costs items. On the other hand, the Fixed Effect Model is appropriate in terms of non-operating costs. As a result of the empirical analysis according to the appropriate model, no hypothesis adopted in the Pooled OLS Model has been accepted. This suggests that developing an appropriate model is more important than other factors for the purpose of generating statistically significant empirical results by showing that different empirical results are produced according to the type of empirical analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.14
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• pp.241-288
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• 2006

For cope with the participating government promoted local decentralization of the present time, local governments are coming to aim at the realization of local governance. Local governance refers to a way of solving public problems of urban area through partnership which is a collaboration and participation based on 'relationship' among diverse interested parties such as executive authority of policy, private sectors. First of all, it is most important task to make transparency and responsibility of all people and networks by themselves through sharing information. With like this kind of a background, local assembly is an momentos body of local governance because it is a decision making organization at the same time as a representative organization of local residents, and it has a relationship of 'check and balance' with chiefs of local governments as an organization monitoring and supervising the administration of an executive authority. Not the less, information about local assembly does not open to the public or exist. Even some informations open to the public, they are not enough to be settled distrust and low-valuation by civil society. Now Local assembly is face to a point that improve over all of record management. This study is based like this critical mind, then, it examines throughly local assembly's realities by suggestion with reforming plan of record management. Record can embody true values when record management practices indefatigably through prudential system from production until preservation. Accordingly, this study suggests management of transaction unit without the omission of record. Also this study is satisfy the condition of Korean record management system with proposals of record management policy and establishment of record center. At the conclusion of study, it puts effects into shape that local assembly secure transparency and responsibility and organize local governance by record management.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.171-182
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• 2022

The safe use of a structure requires it to be maintained in an undamaged state. Thus, a typical factor that determines the safety of a structure is a crack in it. In addition, cracks are caused by various reasons, damage the structure in various ways, and exist in different shapes. Making matters worse, if these cracks are unattended, the risk of structural failure increases and proceeds to a catastrophe. Hence, recently, methods of checking structural damage using deep learning and computer vision technology have been introduced. These methods usually have the premise that there should be a large amount of training image data. However, the amount of training image data is always insufficient. Particularly, this insufficiency negatively affects the performance of deep learning crack detection algorithms. Hence, in this study, a method of augmenting crack image data based on the image translation technique was developed. In particular, this method obtained the crack image data for training a deep learning neural network model by transforming a specific case of a asphalt crack image into a concrete crack image or vice versa . Eventually, this method expected that a robust crack detection algorithm could be developed by increasing the diversity of its training data.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.67-90
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• 2021

This study found an interesting fact that the nonlinear relationship structure between volatility and trading volume changed before and after the COVID-19 pandemic according to empirical analysis using Bitcoin (BTC) market data that sensitively reflects investors' trading behavior. That is, their relationship appeared positive (+) in a stable market state before COVID-19 pandemic, as in theory based on the information flow paradigm. In a state under severe market stress due to COVID-19 pandemic, however, their dependence structure changed and even negative (-). This can be seen as a consequence of increased market stress caused by COVID-19 pandemics from a behavioral economics perspective, resulting in structural changes in the asset market and a significant impact on the nonlinear dependence of volatility and trading volume (in particular, their dependence at extreme quantiles). Hence, it should be recognized that in addition to information flows, psychological phenomena such as behavioral biases or herd behavior, which are closely related to market stress, can be a key in changing their dependence structure. For empirical analysis, this study performs a test of Ross (2015) for detecting a structural change, and proposes a Copula Regression Quantiles (CRQ) approach that can identify their nonlinear relationship structure and the asymmetric dependence in their distribution tails without the assumption of i.i.d. random variable. In addition, it was confirmed that when the relationship between their extreme values was analyzed by linear models, incorrect results could be derived due to model specification errors.