• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• no.11
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• pp.45-49
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• 1970

In the light of the present situation of fertilizing presently apllied in farmer's mulberry fields, it was considered to be value enough to carry out the experiment on whether its degree of fertilizing have no affect on silkworm growth and their cocoon harvest as well, so that the results thus obtained from the experiment are as following; The amount of fertilizing, N 44.4kg, P$_2$O$\sub$5/ 18.4kg, and K$_2$O 34.4kg, respectively were minimum for the . east affect on the silkworm growth and cocoon yields.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to develop traditional Korean rice gruels using sericultures. The SOD-like activities of the sericultures were in the order of 39.56%(Paecilomyces tenuipes: PT)>26.91%(Mulberry leaf: ML)>7.68%(Mulberry fruit: MF). The total phenolic acid contents were ML(0.21 mg/ml)>PT(0.16 mg/ml)>MF(0.07 mg/ml). The ML was the highest in all the groups. In the sensory evaluation, for overall quality, the rice gruel with ML was scored higher than the other samples, The brightness(L) of the rice gruels with sericultures were PT>MF>ML, and redness(a) was highest for MF(3.70) and yellowness(b) was highest for PT(17.74). The moisture contents of the gruels were 0.38%, 0.19%, and 0.07%, for ML, MF, and PT, respectively. The ash contents of the gruels were in the order of MF>PT>ML. The crude fat and protein contents were highest in the PT gruels.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-34
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• 1974

These experiments pertain to various factors influencing the quantitative characters of cocoon crops in summer and early autumn seasons. Initially, in order to establish the possible ways of the silkworm rearing more than three times a year in Korea, the author attempted to get further information about the various factors affecting the cocoon crop in every silkworm rearing season. The trials were conducted eleven times a year at four places for three years. The field trial was conducted with 19 typical sericultural farmers who had been surveyed. At the same time the author statistically analyzed the various factors in close relation to tile cocoon crop in autumn season. The effect of guidance on 40 sericultural farmers was analyzed, comparing higher level farmers with lower level farmers ; and the author surveyed 758 non-guided farmers near the guided farmers during both spring and autumn seasons. In addition, another trial on the seasonal change of leaf quality was attempted with artificial diets prepared with leaves grown in each season. It was found that related factors to cocoon crops in summer and early autumn seasons appeared to be leaf quality, and temperature for young and grown larvae. A 2$^4$ factorial experiment was designed in summer season, and another design with one more level of varied temperature or hard leaf added to a 24 factorial experiment was conducted in early autumn. The experimental results can be summarized： 1. Study on the cocoon crops in the different rearing seasons 1) It was shown that earlier brushing of silkworm generally produced the most abundant cocoon crop in spring season, and earlier or later than the conventional brushing season, especially earlier brushing was unfavorable for the abundant cocoon crop in autumn season. 2) The cocoon crop was affected by the rearing season, and decreases in order of sire with spring, autumn, late autumn, summer and early autumn seasons. 3) It was Proved that ordinary rearing and branch rearing were possibles 4 times a year ; in the 1st, 3rd, 8th, and 10th brushing season. But the 11th brushing season was more favorable for the most abundant cocoon crop of branch rearing, instead of the 10th brushing season with ordinary rearing. 2. Study on the main factors affecting the cocoon crop in autumn season 1) Accumulated pathogens were a lethal factor leading to a bad cocoon crop through neglect of disinfection of rearing room and instruments. 2) Additional factors leading to a poor cocoon crop were unfavorable for rearing temperature and humidity, dense population, poor choice of moderately ripened leaf, and poor feeding techniques. However, it seemed that there was no relationship between the cocoon crop and management of farm. 3) The percentage of cocoon shell seemed to be mostly affected by leaf quality, and secondarily affected by the accumulation of pathogens. 3. Study on the effect of guidance on rearing techniques 1) The guided farms produced an average yearly yield of 29.0kg of cocoons, which varied from 32.3kg to 25.817g of cocoon yield per box in spring versus autumn, respectively. Those figures indicated an annual average increase of 26% of cocoon yield over yields of non-guided farmers. An increase of 20% of cocoon yield in spring and 35% of cocoon yield in autumn were responsible. 2) On guided farms 77.1 and 83.7% of total cocoon yields in the spring and autumn seasons, respectively, exceeded 3rd grade. This amounted to increases of 14.1 and 11.3% in cocoon yield and quality over those of non-guided farms. 3) The average annual cocoon yield on guided farms was 28.9kg per box, based on a range of 31.2kg to 26.9kg per box in spring and autumn seasons, respectively. This represented an 8% increase in cocoon yield on farms one year after guidance, as opposed to non-guided farms. This yield increase was due to 3 and 16% cocoon yield increases in spring and autumn crops. 4) Guidance had no effect on higher level farms, but was responsible for 19% of the increases in production on lower level farms. 4. Study on the seasonal change of leaf quality 1) In tests with grown larvae, leaves of tile spring crop incorporated in artificial diets produced the best cocoon crop; followed by leaves of the late autumn, summer, autumn, and early autumn crops. 2) The cocoon crop for young larvae as well as for grown larvae varied with the season of leaf used. 5. Study on factors affecting the cocoon crops in summer and early autumn A. Early autumn season 1) Survival rate and cocoon yield were significantly decreased at high rearing temperatures for young larvae 2) Survival rate, cocoon yield, and cocoon quality were adversely affected by high rearing temperatures for grown larvae. Therefore increases of cocoon quantity and improvement of cocoon quality are dependent on maintaining optimum temperatures. 3) Decreases in individual cocoon weight and longer larval periods resulted with feeding of soft leaf and hard leaf to young larvae, but the survival rate, cocoon yield and weight of cocoon shell were not influenced. 4) Cocoon yield and cocoon quality were influenced by feeding of hard leaf to grown larvae, but survival rate was not influenced by the feeding of soft leaf and hard leaf. 5) When grown larvae were inevitably raised at varied temperatures, application of varied temperature in the raising of both young and grown larvae was desirable. Further research concerning this matter must be considered. B. Summer season 1) Cocoon yield and single cocoon weight were decreased at high temperatures for young larvae and survival rate was also affected. 2) Cocoon yield, survival rate. and cocoon quality were considerably decreased at high rearing temperatures for grown larval stages.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 1984

The survey and soil analysis were carried to research the problems on mulberry fields applied glutamic acid fermentation residue fertilizer (GAFRF). Mulberry farmers of 364 from 110 si or Gun were chosen at random. The results were as follows; 1. Application rate of three elements applied on mulberry field was 25.8-12.8-16 in non-FAFRF using farmers, whereas 9.8-4.5-5.5kg/10a in GAFRF using farmers. 2. Application rate of organic matter applied on mulberry was 1158kg in non-GAFRF using farmers, whereas 329kg/10a in GAFRF using farmers. 3. Farmers of 53% using FAFRF did not applied three elements, 74% of them organic matter and 50% of them both of three elements and organic matter. These figures increased proportionally with application period of GAFRF. 4. The content of organic matter, availeble P2O5, K, Ca, Mg and pH in soil of appling GAFRF farmers was somewhat lower than in soil of non-appling GAFRF farmers.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.407-416
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• 2018

This study investigated the characteristics and changes of Jeongbang-village silk culture Jeollanam-do Province during Japanese Colonial Rule with a focus in on Gokseong-gun & Damyang-gun Jeongbang-village. The results of the study are as follows. First, after Japanese occupation, it changed from a traditional silkworm species, the Joseon Silkworms and the mulberry tree to an improved Japanese species. Japan established a silk spinning mill called Jongyeon Textile factory in Gwangju and Jeongbang Village was formed in poor rural areas. Second, the way of village management consisted of buying a large number of land for mulberry plans and creating mulberry fields as a cheap way to utilize the labor force for women and men in rural areas. Third, since the end of the Japanese colonial era, mulberry fields in Jeongbang villages which the Japanese left, were sold at a cheap price to Koreans. After the Korean War, the Korean government's efforts to modernize the silkworm industry resulted in a continuous plan to increase the number of silkworms. The impact of government policies has also increased the production of silkworms in these areas. However, since the early 1980s, Korean companies have been affected by Japanese economic policies and dumping by China that has resulted in in a sharp decline in their production. In the case of Gokseong-gun and Damyang, the production of silk products was halted and switched to other crops in the early 1990s when the farming industry began to decline.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 1982

The study has been carried out to investigate a possibility to control the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inoue, by microbial pathogens as one of the microbial control measures. The samples were collected at Kocheon-Ri in the suburbs of Suweon city where were heavily damaged by this pest. Microorganisms were isolated from the both of diseased larvae and baiting method of soil microbes. In addition to, several species of the silkworm mucardine diseases were isolated for their infectivity of these fungi to the larvae of pine needle gall midge. Six species of fungi, Aureobasidium pullulans, Ascochyta sp, Verticillium psalliotae, Streptomyces sp., and two species of Aspergillus were isolated from the galls and soils, five species of muscardine diseases, Isaria farinosa, Spicaria pracina, Oospora destructor, Aspergillus flavus and A. oryzae were also identified from the silkworm corpse collected in the silkworm rearing farmers. Total of eleven species of fungi identified from the both of the larval of pine needle gall midge and silkworm larvae were tested for their pathogenecity to the larvae of pine needle gall midge. All of eleven species of fungi identified showed a considerable infectivity to the larvae. Twenty nine different kinds of bacteria were isolated from the both of diseased larvae and infested soils through the direct planting for the larvae and streaking for the corpse. The infectivity test is in progress. However two kinds of bacteria were recognized to be pathogenic to the larvae tested.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2002

This study was carried out in order to investigate the study on the characteristics of nutrient content and sensory evaluation of functional rice Dasik Rice Dasik was prepared with 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% concentration of mulbeyry-leaf powder and silkpeptide powder. Increasing mulberry-leaf powder and silkpeptide powder led to the significant increase in the contents of crude protein and crude ash. The contents of Ca, K and Mg of mulberry-leaf powder and silkpeptide powder groups were higher than those of the mulberry-leaf powder and the silkpeptide powder free group. And the sensory evaluation of the rice Dasik with 2% mulberry-leaf powder and silkpeptide powder were found to be significantly higher than those of other groups.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.426-432
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• 1993

Thirteen isolates of Bacillus thunngiensls producing parasporal mclusions, obtained from 45 samples of dust and soil of sericultural tarms in Kyeong-ki province, were exammed for their toxicity against larvae of Lepidoptera, Dipwra and Coleoptera. Of these isolates, Bacillus f thuringiensis NT0423 was toxic to bath Lepidoptera, and Dipteran larvae. NT0423 showed that the $LC_{50}$ values against the Lepldaptora, Plutella macuhpennis and the Diptera, Culex pipiens were $1.30\times10^6$ CFU/ml, $2.88\times10^5$ CFU/ml, respectively. The tYPlcal bipyramldal crystals produced by NT0423 composed of protoxms of 130-140kDa encoded by one or more plasm mid-horne genes. Also, plasmid DNA analysis indicated Lhat this isolate has 9 plasmids which d differ with reported several B. thuringiensis strains.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1972

This investigation was conducted to measure the effects of silkworm diseases on the cocoon crepe. The sample farmers were selected at three areas in Korea. a. Banga Ri, Namsa Myoen, Yongin Kun, Kyoenggi Do b. Moorim Ri, Yakmok Myeon, Chilkok Kun, Kyeongsangbuk Do c. Oero Ri, Buksam Myeon, Chilko Kun, Kyeongsangbuk Do 1. Reduction ratio of crops by the silkworm disease was 5.5% in spring season, and 8.9% in the autumn but 7.2% in a year. Including disease damaged cocoons being spoiled cocoons, it was 8.3%. 2. The ratio of disease-damage by the polyhedrosis virus and flacherie was 17.8% of whole disease at young instar and was 82.2% at advanced instar which showed highest ratio. 3. Average production amount of the cocoon was 27.74kg, The reduction amount by the silkworm disease against the estimated production aomunt was 2.411kg. 4. Reduction of amounts by unknown factors was 3.611 kg. This was 1.5 times of reduction amount by the disease. This nay be chiefly due to the missing silkworms and spoiled cocoons. 5. Ratio of farmers harvesting stable cocoon crops was 54.7% in spring rearing season but 21.9% in autumn. 6. Damage ratio of factors other than the silkworm disease was 10.70% and it was 17.87 % of total mortality.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.35-53
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• 1974

A series of experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the level of dietary Protein (soybean meal) and carbohydrate (sucrose) on the growth rate, feed efficiency, nutrients digestibility and amylase activity of larvae at 5th instar. The results obtained from the experimentation are summarized as follow： (1) It was found that the body weight gain, cocoon quality and feed efficiency of the 5th instar larvae were significantly affected by the level of protein and carbohydrate in the artificial diet. Present data revealed that the proper level of dietary protein and carbohydrate would be the most important factor for the optimum growth of larvae. (2) In the amount of diet consumption, the group of larvae gained more body weight consumed more diet than the group gained less amount of body weight. (3) Digestibility of nutrients was improved as the level of protein in the diet increased, although the level of dietary carbohydrate did not exert any positive results. (4) It was observed that the amylase activity in digestive juice was stimulated by the increasement of dietary carbohydrate. However, no correlation between the level of dietary protein and carbohydrate was detected in the amylase activity. (5) Analytical data indicated that the amount of protein or carbohydrate excreted through feces and urine was proportional to the content of protein or carbohydrate in artificial diet. The group o( larvae consumed the diet contained high protein excreted more protein and less nitrogen free extract than did the group received low protein diet. Likewise, the group of larvae fed high dietary carbohydrate excreted more nitrogen free extract and less protein through excreta than the group consumed low carbohydrate diet group. (6) Although the amylase activity of the larvae received the artificial diet was higher than the larvae received natural diet (mulberry leaf), the rate of body weight gam and the quality of cocoon produced from the natural diet group was better than the artificial diet group. It is, thus, concluded that feeding the larvae by the artificial diet may net be recommendable. (7) It was determined that the best level of protein (soybean meal) and carbohydrate (sucrose) in artificial diet was found to be 40g and 0g, respectively when it was fed to the 5th instar larvae. (8) It may be concluded from the results obtained that the artificial diet that could stimulate the activity of amylase nay not be recommendable for the practical larvae feeding Purpose due simply to the Poor economic return from this diet than natural diet.