• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

This study was conducted to examine the relationship among the error risk of high-alert medication, attitudes to single-person checking of medication, and medication safety activities. The participants were 60 nurses working in the intensive care unit. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The mean scores of the knowledge and certainty of high-alert medication were $0.71{\pm}0.11$ and $2.74{\pm}0.59$, respectively. The mean score of the error risk of high-alert medication was $1.63{\pm}0.24$ and that of attitudes to single checking medication was $3.32{\pm}0.49$. The error risk of high-alert medication had a positive correlation with nurses' attitudes to single checking medication (r = .258, p = .047), which is correlated with the scores for certainty of knowledge (r = .284, p = .028). Based on the results of this study, continuing education for high-alert medication and the development of an accurate protocol for single checking medication are needed to improve the stability of high-alert medication.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2004

Purpose : Nocternal enuresis is a common disorder. Tricyclic antidepressant and desmopressin have been accepted pharmacological treatment for this disorder We conducted a cooperative study to investigate the efficacy and adverse reactions of imipramine, desmopressin and combination treatment in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis(PMNE). Methods: Data from a large multicenter study were analysed. In the period of 8 months in 2002, the study comprised of 168 children(78 boys and 90 girls, 5 to 15 years old) with PMNE for imipramine, desmopressin or combination treatment. Before treatment a history, physical examination and laboratory tests were performed and the children were observed for 2 weeks. Response rate, adverse reactions and enuresis episodes after stopping drug administration were evaluated after 12-weeks of imipramine, desmopressin or combination of both. Results: After 4 weeks, the frequency of bed wetting in all treated patients decreased during treatment significantly Even though a 30-50%, reduction in the number of wet nights were 68.6%, 74.4% and 86.1% during 12 weeks treatment by imipramine, desmopressin and both of them respectively, there was no significant difference between them. The most common adverse reaction was decreased appetite from imipramine administration. But no serious drug-related adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Efficacy of the combination therapy of imipramine and desmopressin in PMNE appears not to be better than either drug alone. It is necessary to pay attention on account of adverse reactions during imipramine treatment even though imipramine and desmopressin were generally well tolerated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.323-323
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• 1994

Allyl alcohol은 간에서 두 단계의 효소 반응을 거쳐 대사되는데, 먼저, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)에 의해 독성 활성체인 acrolein으로 바뀌고, 이후 계속하여 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)에 의해 acrylic acid로 무독화되어 배설된다. Ethanol 역시 간에서 대사되는데 있어 같은 효소들을 공유하므로 allyl alcohol과 경쟁적으로 반응할 것이다. 따라서, 본 실험에서는 ethanol에 의한 대사 효소 경쟁반응에 의해 allyl alcohol 의 간독성이 어떻게 변화하는지를 연구하였다. 우선 ethanol과 allyl alcohol을 동시 투여할 경우 5시간째에 allyl alcohol에 의해 증가된 ALT level을 낮춘다는 보고를 확인하고자 ethanol 2 g/kg과 allyl alcohol 40 mg/kg을 동시투여했으나 오히려 치사율이 증가했고, ethanol을 2시간 전처리한 군에서도 역시 치사율이 증가되고, 간의 glutathione 양은 allyl alcohol 단독 처리군에 비해 현저히 감소되는 양상을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.190-190
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• 1994

아급성독성시험 : DA-125를 1.0, 0.2, 0.04 mg/kg/day의 용량으로 4주간 정맥내투여시 고용량군에서만 세포분화가 빠른 골수, 비장, 흉선 등의 장기에서 독성이 나타났으며 중간 및 저용량군에서는 독성변화가 나타나지 않았다. 2)항원성시험 : DA-125는 단독 또는 면역보조제(CFA)와의 혼합감작에 의하여 능동전신성 또는 수신피부 아나필라시스를 일으키지 않았으며 면역확산법에 의해서도 항체가 확인되지 않았다. 면역독성시험에서 DA-125는 흉선, 비장의 위축과 임파구중식억제를 나타냈으나 그 정도는 DXR보다 경미하였다. 3)혈완장해시험 : 0.4%의 DA-125 용액은 토끼의 이개정맥내 정맥주사 및 저류시에 혈전형성이나 염증반응 등의 혈관장해를 나타내지 않았으나, 0.2%의 DXR용액은 약한 염증반응을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.161-161
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• 1993

중추 Cholinergic성 신경계 작용약의 유발한 치매동물 모델의 타당성 여부를 확인하기 위해 흰쥐에 Scopolamine, Physostigmine 및 생약을 반복 투여하였을 때의 active avoidance에 미치는 영향을 단회 투여하여 가역적인 작용을 가질때의 영향과 비교하고 이때 대뇌피질에서의 Cholinergic성 신경계의 활성 변화를 측정하여 중추 Cholinergic성 신경계의 학습, 기억 과정에서의 역할 및 나아가 치매의 발생 원인 및 발병 져로 규명에 접근하고자 하였다. 6 주된 Wistar계 웅성 래트에 Cholinergic성 신경계 작용약인 Scopolamine(1 mg/kg), Posostigmine (0.1mg/kg)과 생약인 Ginseng Total Saponine(100 mg/kg), 오미자 추출물 (150 mg/kg)등을 단독 혹은 병용으로 피하와 복강내로 7 일간 반복 투여하면서 Shuttle Box를 이용하여 Active Avoidance 의 습득율을 측정하고 이후 실험동물을 단두치사하여 대뇌피질 영역에서의 Acetylcholine 농도와 Acetylcholinesterase 활성 변화를 Chemi luminosence 법을 이용하여 측정하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.234-234
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• 1994

최근 새롭게 조명된 생약에 관한 여러 연구를 통해, 기존의 항암제 보다는 더 효과적이고 인체에는 부작용이 적은 항암제를 개발해내기 위해 국내 자생 생약중 총 103 종류( 95 손 98종 )을 채집하였다. 이들 생약을 암세포주( L1210, P333 D$_1$)와 장상세포주(Vero)을 대상으로 MTT colorimetric assay를 실시하여 항종양성에 대해 알아보았다. 이들 세포주에 대한 $IC_{50}$/ 값으로 세포독성능을 알아보았다. 그리하여 정상세포주에는 적은 세포 독성능을 나타내면서, 암세포주에는 높은 세포 독성능을 나타내는 생약제 6종( BuOH 추출물 2종, MeOH) 추출물 4종 )을 선정하였다. 이중 항암활성능이 가장 높은 미역줄나무(Tripteryrium regelii)를 선택하여 유기용매별로 추출, 그 각각에 대한 세포 독성능이 가장 높게 나타난 2분획을 선택하여 기존에 시판중인 Adriamycin과의 병용 투여시의 세포 독성능의 상승효과를 확인 하였다. 즉 Adriamycin과의 단독 투여보다 복합 투여시에 암세포주에 대한 세포 독성능이 높아졌고, 정상세포주에 대한 독성이 감소되는 효과가 나타났다. 또한 in vitro 에서는 세포 독성능이 다소 적더라도 in vivo에서 면역학적 활성이 기대되는 생약제 3종을 선정하여 항암성분의 분리 및 정제를 하여 항암성에 대하여 알아보았다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.400-404
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• 2006

This study demonstrates the anti-arthritic effect of topical application of ketoprofen gel containing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in adjuvant arthritis therapy. Adjuvant arthritis was induced by a single injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Mature female Sprague-Dawley rats were designated to 3 groups such as control group, K10 group (ketoprofen 10 mg/rat), and NK10 group (ketoprofen 10 mg/rat containing NMP). The anti-arthritic activity of ketoprofen containing NMP was tested not only as to its capability to suppress the inflammatory edema, but also bone damage (X-ray score and regional bone uptake) of the hind paw in arthritis-induced rats. These results showed a higher efficacy of ketoprofen containing NMP than ketoprofen treatment in the adjuvant-induced arthritis. Ketoprofen containing NMP has good intrinsic characteristics for formulation in an efficacious anti-inflammatory topical application.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.253-265
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to develop and evaluate a smartphone application for the medication confirmation of high-alert medications. Methods: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used for this study. Participants in the treatment group used the application for four weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, ${\chi}^2$-test, and t-test for the homogeneity of participants, and a paired t-test for effectiveness in each group with the SPSS 18.0. Results: Stability of medication administration was estimated by knowledge and certainty, ranged from a score of one to three. A correct answer with high certainty was coded as high stability, low certainty regardless of correct answer was coded as a moderate stability, and incorrect answers with high certainty were rated as low stability. There were no differences in 'knowledge of high alert medication', 'Certainty of knowledge', 'stability of medication administration', 'confidence of single checking medication', and 'medication safety activities' between the treatment group and the comparison group. The treatment group reported a greater difference between pretest and post-test in 'certainty of medication knowledge' (t=3.51, p=.001) than the comparison group. Conclusion: Smartphone application for medication confirmation of high-alert medications will provide an important platform for reducing medication errors risk.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the proapoptotic effects of matrix metal-loproteinase inhibitor (MMPI) and doxorubicin on wild-type p53 osteosarcoma cell line, socalled U2OS cell line. Materials and Methods: U2OS cells were treated with MMP inhibitor III (MMPI III) and doxorubicin, either respectively or simultaneously. In cells treated with doxorubicin, Fas-neutralizing antibody so called ZB4 was additionally treated to examine whether the doxorubicin played a role through the Fas/FasL pathway. Cells were analysed regarding to apoptosis and cell death by flow cytometry. Results: U2OS cells incubated with doxorubicin showed significant amount of cell death in dose-dependent manner. However, those incubated with MMPI III mostly remained viable state. In addition, there is no relationship between two drugs. Cells treated with doxorubicin and ZB4 at the same time did not show down regulation of apoptosis through inhibition of Fas/FasL pathway. Conclusion: It is important to re-examine MMP inhibitor's effect on other osteosarcoma cell line with wild-type p14 as well as wild-type p53 to evaluate its proapoptotic effect.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.265-276
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• 2000

Purpose : Between January 1983 and December 1988, 218 female Patients with known breast cancer and positive axillary nodes were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy following radical mastectomy. Treatment results were retrospectively analysed at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University of College of Medicine. Materials and Methods : The patients were classified into 3 groups; group I included II patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy alone; in group 2, 52 patients treated with radiotherapy alone; and in group 3, n patients treated with combined chemo-radiotherapy. The mean age was 44 years and ranged from 27 to 70. The median follow-up time was 51 months. Results :Seven-year relapse free and overall survival rates were 56$\%$ and 67$\%$; in group 1, 50$\%$ and 56$\%$ in group 2, 51$\%$ and 65$\%$ and in group 3, 62$\%$ and 75$\%$ respectively. This difference was not statistically significant(p<0.05). The loco-regional failure rates were 13$\%$ and distant failure rates were 33$\%$. There was less risk of loco-regional failure in group 2 and 3 which included radiotherapy (p<0.05). But there was no significantly difference in the rates of distant failure( p>0.05). By univariate analysis, the only significant prognostic factor affecting relapse-free survival was the percentage of positive axillary nodes; and the overall survival significantly correlated with the primary tumor site, the number or percentage of positive axillary nodes, and stage. But in multivariate analysis, the only significant prognostic factor was treatment modality. By univariate analysis of prognostic factors affecting the rates of overall failure and distant failure, the significant prognostic factors was the percentage of positive axillary nodes; and the risk of the loco-regional failure significantly correlated with the treatment modality. Conclusion :In conclusion, these results suggest a potential for decreasing the risk of loco-regional failure with the addition of postoperative radiotherapy to chemotherapy in the premenopausal patients, and in the patients with number or percentage of positive nodes more than 4 or 1/3. The results of this study suggest that the combined chemo-radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment following radical mastectomy was the most effective modaliw in groups of 2$\~$5 cm sized tumor, stage IIB, and in patients with more than 4 or 1/3 of number or percentage of positive nodes.