• Geotechnical Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.39-52
• /
• 1994

The group effect of inclined ground anchor should be considered in design, but it has been hardly studied due to the difficulties of experimental or theoretical study. In this study, the model tests for the inclined ground anchors are made, and the displacements and strain fields of ground around anchor surface are analysed. As the results of this study, the group effect of the inclined ground anchor in air dried sand ground does not show even though two anchor surfaces are very close(10.7cm, surface to surface). That is to say, ,in the case that the final failure surface by pullout of anchor shows on the anchor surface, the pullout resistances of single anchors are almost same as those of the group anchors in these model tests.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.5-19
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to figure out the effect of pressurized grouting on the pullout resistance and the group effect of the compression ground anchor by performing pilot-scale chamber tests and field tests. The laboratory tests are carried out for 3-types of soils which are abundant in the Korean peninsular. Experimental results showed that the enlargement of anchor diameters estimated from the cavity expansion theory matches reasonable well with that obtained from experiments. Moreover, the required injection time as a function of the coefficient of permeability of each soil type was proposed. A series of in-situ anchor pullout tests were also performed to experimentally figure out the effect of pressurized grouting on the pullout resistance. Experimental results also showed that the effect of the pressurized grouting is more prominent in a softer ground with smaller SPT-N value in all of the following three aspects: increase in anchor diameter; pullout resistance; and surface roughness. The pressurized grouting effect in comparison with gravitational grouting was found to be almost nil if the SPT-N value is more than 50. Based on experimental results, a new equation to estimate the pullout resistance as a function of the SPT-N value was proposed. And based on in-situ group anchor pullout tests results, a new group effect equation was proposed which might be applicable to decomposed residual soils which are abundant in the Korean peninsular.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
• /
• v.3 no.3 s.10
• /
• pp.133-141
• /
• 2003

This study concerns the prediction of shear capacity, as governed by concrete breakout failure of the anchors under load applied angle and an group anchors at an edge and installed in uncracked, unreinforced concrete. For this purpose, the methods to evaluate the shear capacity of the anchors in concrete are summarized and the experimental data are compared with capacities by the two present methods: the method of ACI 349-90 and concrete capacity design (CCD) method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.319-324
• /
• 2011

최근 자연환경보전이라는 새로운 패러다임의 대두로 하천의 생태기능 향상을 위한 호안조성공법 중 하나인 식생매트호안 공법의 적용이 증가하고 있다. 국내 하천의 경우 비교적 큰 하상계수와 소류력의 증가로 식생매트 고정용 앵커핀의 기능 저하에 따른 호안의 피해가 발생하고 있다. 그러나 앵커핀의 외력저항성 연구 및 설치를 위한 기준이 마련되어 있지 않는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 앵커핀의 인발특성을 연구함으로서 외력저항 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구방법으로는 앵커핀을 관입시킨 토사에 인발장치를 연결하여 최대인발력과 인발력의 변화추이를 관찰하였다. 실험에 사용된 토사는 물다짐으로 다졌으며, 앵커핀은 식생매트 고정용으로 적용이 많은 이형철근형 앵커핀을 사용하였다. 대조군으로 형태가 동일한 원형철근을 이용하여 앵커핀을 제작 실험에 사용하였다. 실험조건은 앵커핀의 직경(10mm, 16mm)에 따른 주면과 침수토사의 배수시간 (48hr, 96hr, 144hr) 조절을 통한 함수율의 변화에 따른 인발특성을 관측하였다. 실험결과 평균 최대인발력의 변화는 48시간 배수시 직경변화에 따라 이형철근은 12.8N, 28N, 원형철근은 10.6N, 21N으로 나타났으며, 96시간 배수시 이형철근은 18.8N, 33N, 원형철근은 12.2N, 21.6N으로 나타났고, 144시간 배수시 이형철근은 21.4N, 36.4N, 원형철근은 20.4N, 33.2N으로 나타났다. 앵커핀의 인발력은 주면의 크기에 비례하며, 표면의 형태와 함수량에 따라 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 앵커핀의 인발 특성을 파악하고, 식생호안에 적용한다면 피해를 최소화 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2005

In the present study, laboratory pull-out tests with screw anchors are carried out to investigate behavior characteristics of the anchors used in foundation system of underground structures which are applied to uplifting seepage forces. Small scaled pull-out tests in sand under saturated condition and dry condition were carried out. For estimating the group effects of the anchors, the upward displacement and the pullout load varied with spacing of the anchor were observed. The test results were compared with theoretical equation for the ultimate pull-out force. Also, the result of tests can be used to the finite element analysis program, $PENTAGON^{2D}$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.17 no.3 s.76
• /
• pp.271-283
• /
• 2005

This paper concerns the prediction of shear capacity, as governed by steel failure and concrete breakout failure, of set anchors installed in plain concrete. For this purpose, the methods to evaluate the shear capacity of the set anchors in concrete are summarized and the experimental data are compared with capacities by the two present methods : the method of ACI349-90 and the Concrete Capacity Design (CCD) method. (1) The constant-0.684 in the steel strength equation of set anchor was determined from shear test data at the 5 percent fractile probability. Consequently, it was concluded that the constant-0.6 and 0.5 in the steel strength equation for steel failure of ACI318-02 and EOTA were safe. The nominal shear strength of set anchor was proposed as following. $V_s=0.684 A_{se}f_{ut}$. (2) The CCD method was considered reasonable in estimating the concrete breakout strength of set anchors. In terms of the CCD method, the nominal concrete breakout strength of set anchor in shear was provided as follows; $V_b=0.609(\frac{\iota}{d_o})^{0.2}\sqrt{d_0}\sqrt{f_c}(c_1)^{1.5}$(N). (3) The CCD method was considered reasonable in estimating the concrete breakout strength for spacing of set anchors. The proposed equation was considered safe in estimating the concrete breakout strength for spacing of set anchors.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2022

Recently, seismic design for anchors is required, which are used for connecting structural members and non-structural and structural members. In this study, pull-out tests on the new expansion anchors which have been developed for cracked concrete. The anchors of 12 mm and 20 mm diameters were tested which are commonly used. Experiments were conducted on non-cracked concrete and cracked concrete to evaluate the seismic performance of the post-installed anchor. The experimental method complies with the specified test protocol (KCI, 2018). Three experimental variables are included in this study: presence of cracks, concrete compressive strength, and effective embedment depth. The strength of the anchors was evaluated with the characteristic capacity K_5% determined from the test results incorporated with the safety of 5% fractile. The characteristic capacity K_5% of the non-cracked and cracked concrete specified in KDS 14 20 54 are 9.8 and 7.0, respectively. Test results show that all groups except the three groups have higher characteristic capacity K_5% than the KDS code and the nominal strengths of the tested anchors can be determined with the obtained characteristic capacity K_5%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.194-199
• /
• 2017

When sea tide and wave velocity change, the behavior of silt protectors underwater changes, and a hydraulic force exceeding the anchor wave force is applied. In this study, the movement mechanism of a silt protector has been analyzed using the mass-spring method. The initial position of the silt protector was in the Jindo area near Gwangpo Port (742-1, Gyupori, Chongdo-myeon, Jindo-gun, Jeonnam, Korea). The tension required to exceed the holding power of the anchor was 0.05 m/s at 318 sec., 0.15 m/s at 77 sec., 0.25 m/s at 43 sec., and 0.3 m/s at 37 sec.. As the anchor started to move from the sea floor and the tide speed increased to 0.01 m/s, anchor movement start time shortened by an average of 11.2 sec.. Compared with when tide was the only affecting factor, the silt protector and anchor were found to have moved 19.7 % at 0.1 m/s, 7.6 % at 0.15 m/s, 5.8 % at 0.2 m/s, 4.3 % at 0.25 m/s and 2.8 % at 0.3 m/s, showing an increase. When wave effect was added to the tide, anchor movement started when the flow rate was slow 7.6 % of the time. With a high flow velocity, anchor movement started without any significant difference less than 4.3 % of the time. When tide speed exceeded 0.13 m/s and the direction of the waves matched, the silt protector was not able to perform due to collisions with surrounding sea structures. When installing a silt protector, the fluid flow situation and the silt protector situation must be carefully analyzed using the mass-spring method to apply the result found in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2000

충북단양군 영춘면 휴석동 지역에 위치한 위험사면은 1972년 456mm의 집중강우에 의해 사면붕괴가 발생하여 가옥 2채붕괴 등의 피해를 유발시켰으며, 지속적인 지반침하가 진행되고 있다. 남한강 하류에 접하고 있는 상기의 위험사면은 산사태에 의한 토사의 이동시 남한강을 덮치게 되어 그 유로의 변화를 일으켜 영춘면의 지역의 침수피해의 대규모의 재해를 일으킬 수 있는 위험성이 내재되어 있다. 본 연구는 상기 위험사면에 대한 지반조사, 지하수 특성 조사 등을 통해 붕적토 사면의 안정해석을 수행하여 최적의 조강 대책안을 제시하고 이에 따른 재해 예방을 도모하고자 한다. 보강대책을 붕적토 사면의 거동특성과 위험사면의 지형적 특성 등을 고려하여 집수정, 수평배수공, 앵커공 및 보강토 옹벽의 복합공법에 의해 위험사면의 안정성을 확보하는 방안을 제안하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.111-129
• /
• 2002

Generally, investigation methods of cut slope are conucted only geological surface survey to gain engineering geological data of cut slopes. These methods have many problems such as limitations of investigation for a special area. So geophysical investigations such as geotomography, seismic and electrical resistivity methods have been used to search for failure surface in potential failure slopes or failed slopes. But investigation method using the borehole camera is recently a used method and it is thought that this method is more reliable method than other investigation methods because of being able to see by the eyes. Therefore, this paper was conducted investigations of borings and BIPS(Borehole Image Processing System) to search for potential sliding surfaces and was applied to obtain information of discontinuity on failed and potential failure slope in highway. As the results of BIPS, we could decide potential sliding surface in the slope, conducted to check slope stability and decided slope stability measures.