• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 1987

This study deals with the changes in the concentrations of blood glucose and electrolytes during open heart surgery. Blood glucose and electrolytes in connection with age, disease and anesthetic period were measured in 25 patients about to undergo heart surgery which were performed between June 1986 and August 1986 in Yeungnam University Hospital. Because glucose solution is commonly used as priming solution, and the priming solution is hyperglycemic and hyperosmolar, glucose level of priming solution in this study was adjusted to 100-200mg% level to minimize hyperglycemic and hyperosmolar effect. The following results were obtained. 1. Glucose level of priming solution before extracorporeal circulation was $151.6{\pm}3.13mg%$. 2. With body cooling, blood glucose level was elevated. As duration of extracorporeal circulation is prolonged, blood glucose level was elevated more, but no difference between age and diseases were observed. On warming, blood glucose level was progressively lowered. 3. Despite the low serum potassium level during by pass, the potassium level was progressively elevated following by-pass, cut the serum potassium level was low compared to control values. Elevated calcium level was maintained during by pass.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to find out the compositions of nutrient solution for closed system in substrate culture of cucumber. Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L. cv. Eunsung baekdadagi) plants were grown in the substrates supplied with the nutrient solutions whose strengths were 1/2, 1, and 3/2 of the original concentration developed by National Horticultural Research Station in Japan. By increasing the nutrient concentrations, plant height decreased but leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number showed little differences. A number of marketable fruit and marketable yield were the highest in the concentration of 1 strength. The nutrient compositions of solution developed for closed system in cucumber substrate culture were N 11.4, P 3.3, K 6.0, Ca 4.5, and Mg 3.5 me.$\ell$$^{-1}$ during the vegetative growth period and N 10.4, P 3.3, K 5.0, Ca 4.5, and Mg 3,5 me.$\ell$$^{-1}$ during the reproductive growth period. To examine the suitability of nutrient solution developed in the above experiment, cucumber plants were grown in the substrates supplied with different solutions and concentrations - Yamasaki's nutrient solution(Yamasaki) of 1 S, nutrient solution of Research Station for Greenhouse Vegetable and Floriculture on the Netherlands(PTG) of 1 S, nutrient solution developed in the above experiment(SCU) of 1/2, 1, and 3/2 S. EC and pH in root zone changed little in the all treatments during growing period. As cucumber plants grew, the concentrations of N, P, and K in root zone decreased but Ca concentration increased. Net $CO_2$ assimilation rate of cucumber leaves was high in SCU of 1 and 3/2 S, and Yamasaki of 1 S. Growth of cucumber plants was the lowest in SCU of 1/2 S.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to find out the effect of nutrient solution composition on the growth of cucumber plants and the changes in macro-elements in nutrient solutions in recirculating hydroponic systems. Cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Joeun Baegdadagi) were grown in closed perlite cultivation systems supplied with different nutrient solutions developed by NHRS (National Horticultural Research Station in Japan), Yamasaki, PBG (Proefstation voor Bloemisterij en Glasgroente), and NIHHS (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science in Korea). The concentrations of $NO_{3^-}N$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $SO_{4^-}S$ in the recycled nutrient solutions increased but that of $NH_{4^-}N$ decreased gradually in all the treatments. The $PO_{4^-}P$ and $K^+$ concentrations were continuously reduced from the beginning of the harvest to the harvest peak period. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of $NO_{3^-}N$, $NH_{4^-}N$, and $Ca^{2+}$ in the recirculated nutrient solutions among four treatments, while the concentrations of $PO_{4^-}P$ and $K^+$ were lowest and those of $Mg^{2+}$ and $SO_{4^-}S$ were highest in the treatment of Yamasaki's nutrient solution. All growth-related parameters of cucumber plants except for leaf number were not significantly affected by the nutrient solution compositions. Due to its low concentrations of $PO_{4^-}P$ and $K^+$ in the recycled nutrient solution, however, the number and yield of cucumber fruits were lowest in the treatment of Yamasaki's nutrient solution.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.168-174
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• 2002

A new circulating hydroponic system was invented for oriental melons grown in the greenhouse. For developing nutrient solution management techniques, we examined the changes of nutrient contents of circulating solution in three different types of new hydroponic systems. The yield and fruit quality of oriental melons in Hydroponics were better than those in soil culture. The substrate culture was appropriate fer hydroponics of oriental melons, and NFT was turned to be the opposite due to the physiological disorder during hot seasons. Yamazaki's melon solution with EC 2.0dS.m$^{[-10]}$ was the most appropriate for oriental melons. The new circulating hydroponic system seemed to be appropriate for oriental melons because of the stable EC, pH and the macro- and micro-element contents. NO$_3$-N, Ca and Mg contents in the circulating solution kept a good balance in all types of hydroponics. However, p content, compared to other types, decreased by the degree of 1 me.L$^{[-10]}$ in perlite medium. K content showed irregular status in perlite but showed the stable status in cocopeat. Generally, microelements, except Mo, showed stable absorption in the substrate culture. However, in NET, most of the elements showed irregular absorption except B and Mn. Microelement absorption, especially Cu, Zn and Mo, decreased during hot seasons.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 1984

Before beginning the extracorporeal circulation, perfusionists should supply oxygen into the oxygenator and establish blood flow through the blood line of the heart-lung machine. But these manipulation can induce severe hypocarbic state of priming solutions due to wash out of $CO_2$ gas in the solution. This study was carried out to examine the relationship of blood gas changes between hypocarbic priming solutions and body circulation in 15 patients undergoing open heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation. $PaCO_2$, pH, buffer base and $PaO_2$ were measured from priming solutions before and 15 minutes after the extracorporeal circulation. The results were as follows; 1) Before the extracorporeal circulation, mean $PaCO_2$ level was $12.1{\pm}7.8mmHg$ in the priming solution. However, 15 minutes after extracorporeal circulation, the $PaCO_2$ level was maintained at $35.7{\pm}5.7mmHg$. 2) pH in the priming solution was variable from 6.93 to 7.99 (mean $7.45{\pm}0.29$), but after 15 minutes it was ranged from 7.28 to 7.42 (mean $7.35{\pm}0.05$). 3) Mean buffer base level in the priming solution was $7.9{\pm}3.5mmol/l$, but after 15 minutes, it was $19.6{\pm}1.2mmol/l$. 4) Mean $PaO_2$ level in the priming solution was $667.1{\pm}45.6mmHg$, but after 15 minutes, it was $280.7{\pm}131.7mmHg$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.175-175
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• 2020

본 연구는 경남지역의 주요 양액재배 작물인 토마토, 딸기, 파프리카를 대상으로 순환식/비순환식 양액재배 시설을 대상으로 모니터링을 실시하고 그 결과를 분석하여 양액재배로 인한 배출부하량의 특성을 분석하고 관리방안을 마련하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 대표 재배작물에 대한 순환식/비순환식 양액재배 농가를 선정하고, 작물의 생육기간을 고려하여 유입수와 유출수의 유량과 수질모니터링을 실시하여 생육시기별로 양액재배 농가로부터 배출되는 작물별 배출부하량을 분석하였다. 순환식/비순환식 양액재배농가를 대상으로 매월 1회 pH, EC, DO, BOD, SS, T-N, T-P 등의 수질항목을 조사하였으며, 수질은 공인인증기관을 통해 분석하였다. 또한, 폐양액의 인근 하천 유입에 따른 수질영향을 분석하기 위하여 인근 하천의 양액재배 단지 상류지역, 재배단지 내 배수로, 재배단지 하류를 선정하여 수질의 변화 양상을 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 폐양액 배출을 최소화하는 순환식 양액재배 시스템의 효과를 분석하고, 양액재배 지역의 폐양액과 주변 하천수의 정량적 분석을 통해 양액재배 밀집지역의 오염화 정도와 환경부하 저감을 위한 기초데이터로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.704-710
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• 2001

Background: Extracorporeal circulation using pump-oxygenator is an inevitable process to keep vital sign during cardiac arrest for open heart surgery. However, the diversion of blood through nonendothelialized channels appears to stimulate inflammatory response, and leukocyte activation may lead to cardiopulmonary edema. Our study evaluated the effect of leukocyte-induced cardiopulmonary edema using three different pump-oxygenator priming solutions; non-hemic crystalloid solution ; leukocyte-depleted homologous blood; non leukocyte-depleted homologous blood in priming solutions. Material and Method: Each different priming solution was used on five dogs, and the effect of leukocyte-induced cardiopulmonary edema during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) was evaluated. For each dog after 2 hours of exracorporeal circulation and another 4 hours of post-pump period, the dog was sacrificed and its heart and lung tissues were obtained for measuring Wet/Dry ratio. Arterial $O_2$partial pressure(PaO$_2$) and $CO_2$partial pressure(Pa$CO_2$) were checked. For the evaluation of ventilatory function, $CO_2$partial pressure difference between arterial blood (Pa$CO_2$) and exhaled air(Et$CO_2$) was measured. Result: 1. No significant difference was seen in arterial PaO$_2$and Pa$CO_2$among groups. 2. Ventilatory function evaluated by Pa$CO_2$and Et$CO_2$showed no significant difference between non-hemic and blood-mixed priming solution (P<0.05). 3. Cardiac and lung Wet/Dry ratios were remarkedly lower in the leukocyte-depleted group. There was no significant difference between the non-hemic and blood-mixed groups. Conclusion: Based upon this result, we concluded that the leukocyte depletion from homologous blood of CPB priming solution has a beneficial effect in reducing cardiopulmonary edema compared with non leukocyte-depleted or crystalloid priming solutions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.418-425
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• 2009

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) involves use of an initial priming volume which can cause side effects such as hemodilution, transfusion, inflammatory reaction and edema. Hence, there have been efforts made tore-duce the initial priming volume. We compared this traditional method to a CPB method that uses a minimized priming volume (MPV). Material and Method: For 97 patients who underwent congenital cardiac surgery between July 2007 to June 2008, we discussed each case and decided which method to use. We reviewed the medical records and cardiopulmonary bypass sheets of the patients. Result: We used a MPV method for 46 patients, and a traditional method for the other 51. There were no significant differences in preoperative and intraoperative characteristics between the two groups, such as body weight, age, cardiopulmonary bypass time, lowest body temperature, etc. However, the priming volume was much smaller in the MPV group than the traditional group (p<0.001). The volume of initially mixed packed RBC was also much smaller in the MPV group (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in postoperative mortality and neurologic complications. Conclusion: We could significantly reduce the initial priming volume and initially mixed pRBC volume with the revised CPB method. We suggest that this method be used more widely for congenital cardiac surgery.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2011

This study investigated the fouling behavior of $Al_2O_3$ colloids on polyethylene microfiltration membrane. To examine the effect of operation variation on fouling, operating pressure was increased from 0.49 to 1.96 bar along with time elapses and then was reduced to 0.49 bar reversely. A hysteresis behavior was observed in the membrane permeate flux over pressure, revealing different fluxes at the same pressure according to the pressure control type, increasing and decreasing. Permeate resistance and its rate of increase was higher in the decreasing pressure cycle than in the increasing pressure cycle. At the initial period of filtration, fouling mechanism for the both cycles was governed by the cake filtration. The degree of fouling was higher in the decreasing pressure cycle compared with in the increasing pressure cycle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.67-70
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• 1996

오이의 양액재배는 초기에 암면을 중심으로 한 배지경에서 최근 펄라이트를 주 배지로 한 배지경의 면적이 급속히 증가하고 있다. 이들 고형배지를 이용한 양액재배에 사용한 배양액은 크게 2종류로 구분할 수 있다. 하나는 일렬의 야먀자끼씨의 오이 배양액으로 이 배양액은 담액수경하에서 개발된 배양액으로 순수 수경재배에 적합하다고 할 수 있다. 다른 하나는 네델란드 온실작물연구소(PBG)의 오이배지경용 배양액이라 할수 있다. (중략)