• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.1 s.88
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

For the practical using of liquid spawn we carried out selection test of nutrient sources, cultural methods and cultural apparatus for liquid spawn production of oyster mushroom(ASTI 2001, ASTI 2018, ASTI 2072, ASTI 2016, ASTI 2070, ASTI 2180, ASTI 2183, ASTI 2042). The optimal temperature and pH range for mycelial growth of Pleurotus species were $25^{\circ}C\;to\;30^{\circ}C$ and 5.5 to 6.5, respectively. The effect of carbon sources, nitrogen sources and mineral salts on the mycelial growth was studied using petridish culture. Generally, the disaccharides and polysaccharides showed good effect for mycelial growth of Pleurotus species, and the polysaccharides were superior to the other classes of carbon sources for mycelial growth. For the mycelial growth of the 8 oyster mushroom stains, soybean flour was superior to the other kinds of nitrogen sources. On the other hand, addition of mineral salts did not affect, and even poor under certain mineral salts, the mycelial growth of the 8 oyster mushroom stains. The brown sugar selected out the carbon source of the agricultural medium. Also the soybean flour selected out the nitrogen source of agricultural medium. In the medium selection, we selected out agricultural optimum medium composed of brown sugar 3%, soybean flour 0.3%, potassium phosphate 0.05%, magnesium sulfate 0.05%. Under the 250 ml erlenmeyer culture, the effects of such factors as the inoculum rate, the working volume, cultural method and flask shapes on the mycelial growth were examined. The optimal inoculum rate and working volume on the mycelial growth of oyster mushroom was 2 mycelial disk (diameter 6 mm) and 100 ml, respectively. The shake flask culture was enhanced the mycelial growth than at the erlenmeyer flask. Pulp form growth of mycelium in the erlenmeyer flask culture was obtained in the culture with glass rod of length 50 mm, diameter 10 mm.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.84-87
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• 2006

In the present study, an attempt has been made to produce a high quality medicinal mushroom Cordycops militaris supplemented with organic Ge. Cordycops militaris was cultivated in SDAY liquid medium containing yeast extract 10 g, peptone 10 g, glucose 40 g per liter and chrysalis media supplemented with inorganic Ge at 100, 500, 1000, and 5000 ppm concentrations. The greatest organic Ge production of 442.4 ppm/g and 284 ppm/g were observed in SDAY liquid and Chrysalis media cultures supplemented with 100 ppm inorganic Ge respectively. Similarly, 4,509.7 ppm/g and 1,058 ppm/g of organic Ge were obtained from liquid and chrysalis media cultures supplemented with 5,000 ppm and 1,000 ppm inorganic Ge, respectively. In addition, higher concentration of organic Ge was obtained in mycelia than fruiting bodies. These results indicate that the concentration of organic Ge increase with decreasing inorganic Ge concentration in the medium. This is the first report on production of high valuable Cordyceps militaris contained with organic Ge.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to develop rapid mass propagation via shoot organogenesis system from adventitious roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. The induction of adventitious roots from leaf explants was most favorable to MS solid medium supplemented with 2mg/L IBA. However, the growth of adventitious roots was highest when they were cultured on 1/3 strength MS liquid medium supplemented with 2mg/L IBA. When the adventitious roots were grown in 10L bioreactor, 10g roots as initial inoculum was increased to 225g after 6 weeks of culture. The harvested roots were cultured onto solid medium to induce plant regeneration. The optimal adventitious shoot formation was observed on MS medium supplemented with 2mg/L BA. Rooting of individual shoots was induced after transfer to half strength MS medium without growth regulators. Plantlets after acclimatization were successfully transplanted in the field and no phenotypic variation was observed among them.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 2009

To examine physico-chemical properties of the polysaccharide extracted from liquid-cultured mycelia of Schizophyllum commune, each the polysaccharide was extracted with hot water treatment and then fractionated with ethanol, alkaline solution and ultrafiltration. And we determined carbohydrate contents, composition of amino acids, infra-red spectrum and viscosity. Carbohydrate contents of polysaccharide treated with ethanol and ultrafiltration were 72.0% and 62.3%, and proteins content were 15.3% and 32.0% respectively. The carbohydrate consisted of four monosaccharides and the protein contained 16 amino acids. The polysaccharide obtained from ultrafiltration was shown an absorption band characteristic of the ${\beta}$-glycosidic linkage by infra red spectra. These results suggest that the polysaccharide extracted from Schizophyllum commune showed the characteristics of proteinbounded polysaccharide, and it was ${\beta}$-glycosidic linkage with strong viscosity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2004

The effects of liquid culture conditions and nutrient sources on the formation of protein-binding polysaccharide (PS) in Cordyceps militaris were examined. The formation amount of PS was increased in proportion to the growth rate of mycelium, in case of higher aeration or lower acidity. The optimum growth temperature of the mycelia was 25$^{\circ}C$ for the formation of PS. The optimum carbon source and nitrogen source were glucose and peptone, respectively. The ratio of C/N was optimal with 3％ glucose to 0.5 ％ peptone. The sugar composition in the PS was greatly changed according to the carbon sources. The mycelium of Cordyceps militaris by liquid culture showed a higher electron donating ability than that by solid culture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.447-451
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• 2000

This study was conducted to establish a regeneration system of plantlets through callus culture induced from bulb scales of Lillium‘Gelria’. Friable callus was induced very easily from bulb scales, and grew vigorously on medium lacking growth regulators. In media with 0.5∼ 1.0 mg/L kinetin and 0.1 ∼ 1.0 mg/L NAA, 100% of explants produced callus. Proliferation of callus was actively occurred on media containing 0.1 ∼ 1.0 mg/L kinetin and 0.1 ∼ 1.0 mg/L NAA. Callus proliferation and regeneration of bulblets from callus were occurred simultaneously. Light condition was more effective for the callus proliferation and solid medium was better than liquid medium. Althrough callus was proliferated vigorously on media containing 0.1 ∼ 1.0 mg/L BA and NAA, the frequncy of plantlet regeneration was better on medium without growth regulators, then on medium with 0.1 mg/L BA and NAA.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1336-1340
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• 2007

The regeneration and growth of bulblets from the bulb scale segments of Hyacinthus orientalis L. cv. Pink Pearl were more efficient in IBA than IAA at the same concentrations (1.0 and 3.0 mg/l). The normal (base-down) orientation of explants was more effective for bulblet regeneration and root growth than the inverted (base-up) orientation. The growth of bulblets and roots was increased higher in the perlite than the agar medium. These results suggested that the alternate culture system, first cultured in the agar medium for bulblet regeneration, and then in the perlite medium for bulblet growth, may be more useful for efficient in vitro culture of hyacinth (H. orientalils) cv. Pink Pearl.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.2
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• pp.198-208
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• 1989

Cell suspension cultures for Salix koreensis was well established at the supplements of 2, 4-D with cytokinin particulary the combination of 1.0 mg/l 2, 4-D with 0.1 mg/l of zeatin. These combined rates of phytohormones are also effective to callus induction from S, koreensis leaf and its multiplication. Cultured media exhibited the great inhibitory effect on the germination of rice, barnyard grass and lettuce seeds, indicating the presence of biologically active substances in media. Several phenolic compounds such as pyrogallol, sinapic acid, cinnamic acid, tannic + gallic and p-chlorobenzoic acid were detected in the cell suspension culture. The inhibitory effect exhibited by cultured media may be partly attributed to these phenalic compounds.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2011

Bacteriolytic myxobacteria have been known to secrete various antifungal metabolites against several soilborne phytopathogens including Phytophthora. Among the three isolates of Myxococcus spp., KYC 1126 and KYC 1136 perfectly inhibited the mycelial growth of Phytophtora capsici in vitro. In order to show the biocontrol activity on Phytophthora blight of hot pepper, we tried to find the best way of application of a myxobacterial isolate. Although KYC 1126 fruiting body was easily grown on the colony of Escherichia coli as a nutrient source, it did not control the disease when it was pre-applied in soil. Before the bioassay of a liquid culture filtrate of KYC 1126 was conducted, its antifungal activity was confirmed on the seedlings applying with the mixture of the pathogen's zoospore suspension and KYC 1126 filtrate. On greenhouse experiments with five and four replications, the control value of KYC 1126 on phyllosphere and rhizosphere was 88% and 36%, respectively. Whereas, the control value of dimetnomorph+propineb on phyllosphere was 100% and that of propamorcarb on rhizosphere was 44%. There was a phytotoxicity of the myxobacterial filtrate when seedlings were washed and soaked for 24 hours. Gummy materials were covered with roots. And stem and petiole were constricted, then a whole seedling was eventually blighted.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.211-223
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• 1994

In fermentations with a 4-liter stirred tank bioreactor, a better than two-fold enhancement of the gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient$(k_La)$ in the celite-immobilized fungal cultures of Tolypocladium in flatum over the parallel conventional free-cell was observed at identical biomass concentrations, despite the higher specific oxygen uptake rate of the immobilized fungi during exponential growth. As a result oxygen sufficient conditions, i. e., dissolve oxygen(D.O.) concentrations exceeding 75% air saturation, could be maintained throughout exponential growth period of the immobilized culture, in contrast to the suspended fungal culture, whose D.O. levels fell below 50% air saturation. A linear monotonic dependence of $k_La$ upon impeller agitaion rate was found for both immobilized and conventional cultivation modes over a range of 250 to 550rpm, the slope being a function of biomass concentration for the free but not for the immobilized cell system In contrasts oxygen transfer rate was a much weaker function of aeration rate up to about 2.5 vvm for both culture configurations. Above this level, aeration rate had no further effect on the mass transfer. In addition, the immobilized cultures sustained good morphological and physiological states, leading to almost two times higher cyclosporln A (CyA) productivity overt the parallel free cell system. These experiments suggest that the celite-immobilized fungal system in a stirred tank reactor has considerable promise for scaling up cyclosporin A production in terms of high-density cultivation.