• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.2376-2384
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• 1992

A theoretical analysis is carried out to predict the characteristics of transient ignition phenomena for the spherical fuel droplets cloud with non-uniform droplet size and number density distribution. Numerical calculations are performed for various cases depending on the combinations of the major parameters such as ambient temperature and initial distributions of droplet size and number density. The results of present study show that the ignition delay decreases for higher ambient temperature and smaller droplet size. Droplets cloud of hollow type with outer concentrated distribution ignites most rapidly.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.41.1-41.1
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• 2010

전기수력학적 분무를 이용한 액적 미립화 기술은 나노사이즈의 액적 형성, 쿨롱 반발력에 의한 균일한 액적 형성, 그리고 향상된 액적 타겟팅을 가능하게 한다. 따라서 이를 이용하여 매우 균일한 박막 코팅이 가능하다. 이러한 점에 힘입어 현재 진공 공정으로 제작되고 있는 CIGS태양전지의 광흡수층을 비진공 공정중 하나인 전기수력학적 미립화를 이용하여 실험하였다. Ethanol-based 의 CIGS나노 입자를 포함하는 콜로이드 상태의 전구체를 이용하여 적절히 가열된 몰리브덴 배면 전극위에 적용하였다. 미립화한 액적은 접지된 몰리브덴 층에 부착되는 즉시 증발하여 CIGS입자를 남긴다. 여기서 가장 중요하게 다루어야 할 조건은 기판의 온도, 인가 전압, 전구체의 유량이다. 분사 모드는 Cone-jet을 적용하였으며 5~15kV의 인가 전압에서 1ml/hr내외의 유량을 공급하여 3분 이내에 적절한 광흡수층 두께인 1마이크론 내외에 도달할 수 있다. 이와같은 조건으로 형성된 박막층에 관한 SEM image를 통해 다른 비진공 코팅 방식과 비교하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.538-546
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• 1989

Effect of liquid viscosity was studied experimentally on the drop size distributions of the liquid sprays from swirl atomizers. Glycerine-Water mixtures were used as test fluids for the experiments. Drop sizes of the liquid sprays were measured with the light scattering method. The concept of the standard deviation was introduced to represent the degree of uniformity of the drop size distributions. Experimental results show that the spray drops become coarser and less uniform with the liquid of higher viscosity. The effect of viscosity on the Sauter mean diameter and the standard deviation appeared to be more significant with the lower injection pressure. It was also confirmed that the Sauter mean diameter increases with the increase of the liquid viscosity and with the decrease of the injection pressure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.667-670
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• 2002

Uniform metal-droplet deposition using laser is analyzed. Using the variation principle and modeling the semi-solid phase as a non-Netwonian slurry, this model can greatly save the computational expenses that conventional numerical procedures have suffered from. The simulation results revealed that the developed model could reasonably describe the collision behavior of molten metal with solid surface. Simulations were made with variation of the falling distance and time.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2015

Lower recirculated gas temperature at EGR system reduces NOx and PM emissions. However, EGR Cooler can be polluted by PM generated from recirculated EGR gas, and it reduces cooling efficiency and the amount of EGR gas simultaneously. The SECFR(Steam EGR Cooler Fouling Remover) system which uses the evaporated washer fluid steam caused by high temperature of EGR gas was manufactured for removing fouling generated on the cooler surface. Since an injection pressure of wind shield washer fluid in the vehicle is approximately 0.5 bar, it is not enough to atomize the injected washer fluid. Thus, it is necessary to apply a method to atomize the washer fluid. In this study, the impinging plate was used to promote the atomization of spray washer fluid for the purpose of apply SECFR system to vehicles and measured the DAR(Droplet Area Ratio) and DUI(Droplet Uniformity Index) through the spray visualization.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.479-487
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• 1987

In order to predict the effects of droplets distributions such as number density and droplets size on group combustion characteristics and flame structure for liquid fuel sprays, modifications of group combustions model were made by changing the droplets distributions from uniform to non-uniform. Various droplets distribution models were adopted in this analysis to examine the effect of number density distribution on combustion characteristics and the difference between uniform and non-uniform droplets size distributions for a spherical droplets cloud. As results of present study, hollow droplets could with outer concentrating distribution has shorter total combustion time compare with the case of solid droplets cloud with inner concentrating distribution. Uniform droplets size distribution model predicts the shorter total combustion time compare with non-uniform droplets size distribution model, and the uniform droplets size distribution model may be used to predict the total combustion time for the droplets cloud containing larger initial size of droplets.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2019

Monodisperse microparticles has been particularly enabling for various applications in the encapsulation and delivery of pharmaceutical agents. The microfluidic devices are attractive candidates to produce highly uniform droplets that serve as templates to form monodisperse microparticles. The microfluidic devices that have micro-scale channel allow precise control of the balance between surface tension and viscous forces in two-phase flows. One of its essential abilities is to generate highly monodisperse droplets. In this paper, a microfluidic approach for preparing monodisperse polycaprolactone (PCL) microparticles is presented. The microfluidic devices that have a flow-focusing generator are manufactured by soft-lithography using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The crucial factors in the droplet generation are the controllability of size and monodispersity of the microdroplets. For this, the volumetric flow rates of the dispersed phase of oil solution and the continuous phase of water to generate monodisperse droplets are optimized. As a result, the optimal flow condition for droplet dripping region that is able to generate uniform droplet is found. Furthermore, the droplets containing PCL polymer by solvent evaporation after collection of droplet from device is solidified to generate the microparticle. The particle size can be controlled by tuning the flow rate and the size of the microchannel. The monodispersity of the PCL particles is measured by a coefficient of variation (CV) below 5%.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.342-347
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• 1983

The effects of barley tea concentration and atomizing air pressure on the size, homogeneity and distribution of the sprayed droplets were investigated. An equation relating mean diameter (${\overline{D}}$) with the concentration where the coefficient a and b were determined empirically. As the operating air pressure was increased, the mean diameter of the droplets decreased and finally reached the limiting mean diameter, $36{\mu}m$ at 15.7% barley tea concentration. The homogeneity of the droplets increased with the operating air pressure, increase and it was decreased steadily as the soluble solid concentration increased up to 20% and markedly over 20% at every operating air pressure. The distribution ($P_D$) of sprayed droplets related with the droplet size as the following exponential equation; $P_D$ = e 1nD + f where e and f are empirical constants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.106-106
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• 2004

보일러에서 연소된 후 배출된 가스는 탈황목적으로 설치된 흡수탑 내에 유입되어 Slurry Spray Nozzle에서 분사된 Limestone Slurry에 의해 배기가스중의 SO$_2$를 흡수한 다음 반응조로 떨어지게 되지만 분사된 액적의 일부는 배기가스의 압력에 의하여 같은 유동 방향으로 미세한 Mist의 형태로 배기가스와 함께 흡수탑의 Outlet Duct를 통해 빠져나간다. 이 Mist(액적크기 40 $\mu\textrm{m}$이하)에는 고형 성분이 함유되어 있는데 보통 Chloride농도가 높아 탈황설비 후단 (duct, GGH, Stack)에 plugging, 부식 등의 문제를 유발하므로 Spray Header상부에서 Mist Eliminator를 설치하여 Mist를 제거하도록 한다.(중략)

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.14 no.7 s.79
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• pp.587-594
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• 2005

분무성형공정은 급냉응고 및 결정입자 제어에 따른 고품위 소재 개발의 장점과 함께 고밀도 near-net-shape 제품의 제조가 가능한 합금제조기술이다 분무성형체의 미세조직은 적층표면에 도달하는 액적들의 평균 열용량, 즉 고상분율에 의하여 결정되며, 이는 액적의 비행과정에서의 분사가스-액적간의 열전달과 적층표면에서의 열유입과 열유출 속도에 영향을 받는다. 실제 다양한 공정변수들이 복합적으로 미세조직 형성과정에 영향을 미치지만, 균일한 미세조직을 얻기 위하여서는 적층표면에서의 온도와 고상분율을 항상 일정하게 제어하여야만 한다 즉, 적층표면 온도를 분무 성형공정중에 지속적으로 측정하여 이를 공정 제어 시스템에 feedback하여 원하는 적층표면온도를 유지하도록 공정변수를 제어하는 것이 필수적이다. 분무성형에 제조된 성형체는 합금원소의 편석이 없고 미세한 등방성의 결정립으로 이루어진 특징적인 미세조직을 나타낸다 이와 같은 미세조직으로 인하여 분무성형체는 우수한 성형성과 기계가공성을 나타내며, 또한 분무성형-후속가공된 최종 제품은 잉곳주조에 의하여 제조된 것과 비교하여 크게 향상된 기계적 성질을 가진다.