• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.609-615
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• 2012

In LSP (laser shock peening) treatment, the laser source geometries when the laser beam strikes the metal target area are diverse. The laser spot geometry affects the residual stress field beneath the treated surface of the metallic materials, which determines the characteristics of the pressure pulse. In this paper, detailed finite-element (FE) simulations on laser shock peening have been conducted in order to predict the magnitude and of the residual stresses and the depth affected in Inconel alloy 600 steel. The residual stress results are compared for circular, rectangular, and elliptical laser spot geometries. It is found that a circular spot can produce the maximum compressive residual stresses near the surface but generates tensile residual stresses at the center of the laser spot. In the depth direction, an elliptical laser spot produces the maximum compressive residual stresses. Circular and elliptical spots plastically affect the alloy to higher depths than a rectangular spot.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 1982

Transition process of plastic region. displacements, stresses and strains ahead the flaw tips were analysed by the finite element method on the steel plate with the circular hole and the one with the elliptical hole under completely alternating load (repetition of tensile loading, unloading and compressive loading). As the results, the followings were obtained. Transition process of elastic failure (yielding) region was estimated. From this the tendency was confirmed that the fracture would be initiated from ahead the flaw tip, and propagated along the $45^{\circ}$ direction. The fundamental data available in estimating the stress intensity factor that was considered as the core in analysing the fracture mechanism of steel plates were obtained. It was indicated that when unloading after tension the effect of compressive loading, and even the compressive reyield, was occured ahead the flaw tip. Similarly it was indicated that when unloading after compression the effect of tensile loading, and even the tensile reyield, was occured ahead the flaw tip. It was considered that these phenomena were occured because the unloading effect was constrained by the residual strains when unloading. It was considered that the fatigue phenomenon was occured ahead, the flaw tip by repetition of tensile yield, the above compressive reyield, compressive yeild and the above tensile reyield. In addition, the tendency was confirmed that the fracture ahead the flaw tip was occured as the flaw was changed from the circular hole to the elliptical hole and became to be the crack lastly.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.6 no.9
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• pp.937-942
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• 1996

박막 공정 및 마이크로머시닝(micromachining)기술에 의해 제작되는 마이크로 가스 센서는 고온 동작이 필수불가결하며 이 때 안정된 출력을 얻기 위해서 센서 저항 변화에 영향을 줄 수 있는 응집화 현상이 발생하지 말아야 한다. 본 연구에서는 고온 동작시 응집화의 구동력으로 작용하는 여러 요소중의 하나인 응력(stress)을 줄이기 위해서 인가 전력 밀도, 기판온도, 증착 압력 등을 증착 변수로 하여 증착 조건이 (AI, SI)1-xOx박막과 Pt 박막의 제반 물성 및 응력변화에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. (AI, SI)1-xOx박막의 증착 속도와 굴절율 값은 O2분압과 기판 온도가 증가할수록 감소하였으며 응력은 O2분압이 증가함에 따라 인장에서 압축으로 전환된 후 증가하였다. Pt 박막의 경우, 인가 전력이 증가할수록 공정 압력이 감소할수록, 기판 온도가 감소할수록 증착 속도는 증가하였으며 전기 비저항은 감소하였다. Pt 박막의 응력은 인가 전력이 증가할수록, 공정 압력이 증가할수록, 기판 온도가 증가할수록 압축에서 인장의 방향으로 전환된 후 증가하였으며 박막의 전기비저항 및 증착속도에 크게 의존하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.75-82
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to examine the loss of prestressing stress in the developed prestressing reinforcing units using steel bar and pipe (SP). The main parameters were the reinforcing bar type, the magnitude of prestressed force, and prestressing method. The test results showed that the loss of prestressing stress for SP was highest in the initial prestressing step, which was higher for the compression introduction typed specimens than tension introduction typed specimens. The loss of prestressing stress of SP made with P800 was 1.6% for the compression introduction typed specimen with 0.8f_y, which was lowest than the other specimens. Meanwhile, the relaxation of SP with the respect to the time ranged between 0.4 and 1.9%, irrespective of SP material type, the magnitude of prestressed force, and prestressing method. These values were less than 2.5%, which is the maximum value for the relaxation of prestressed reinforcing steel bars in design codes. Consequently, considering the loss of stress developed in the initial prestressing step, the developed SP material type, prestressing introduction method, and magnitude are recommended to be P800, compression introduction type, and 0.8f_y.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.1 s.68
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• pp.33-42
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• 2004

Making use of SN steel in the building structure should be a prerequisite to adopt the design strength of said steel. As a preceding study, the material properties of STKN400B/490B tubes and SPAP235/325 and SPAR295 square pipes manufactured using SN400B/490B plates were evaluated. Compared with the yield and ultimate strengths of SN400B/490B plates, those of STKN400B/490B tubes increase. Nonetheless, the yield and ultimate strengths of STKN400B/490B tubes satisfied the design codes of STKN400B/490B tubes even though the tubes were fabricated via roll bending or press forming. On the other hand, the yield and ultimate strengths at the edges of SPAP235/325 square pipes did not satisfy the design codes based on the values at the sides. The maximum tensile and compressive residual stresses at the SN490B tube were equal to and 40% of the yield strength of the SN490B plate, respectively, In the case of the SPAP325 square pipe, both the maximum tensile and compressive residual stresses were 80% of the yield strength of the SN490B plate. The axial compressive loaded column test results snowed that the buckling strengths were not very different regardless of the mode of fabrication of STKN490B tunes. i.e., through roll bending or press forming. On the other hand, the buckling strength of the SPAP325 square pipe was higher than that of the built-up square pipe.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.155-156
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• 2003

시멘트는 압축강도가 크고 내구성이 좋으며 가격이 저렴한 우수한 토목건축재료이다. 그러나 인장강도가 낮아서 사용 시 발생하는 휨에 의한 인장변형에 의하거나 양생 후 해 표면 크랙이 발생하는 결점이 있다. 이러한 결점을 보완하기위해 크랙의 발생 억제, 성장 지연을 목적으로 시멘트에 보강용 섬유를 투입하고 있다[1]. 시멘트에서의 보강섬유의 역할은 크랙발생에 필요한 에너지를 최대한 증가시키켜 시멘트가 경화되기 시작할 때, 구속에 의해 발생하는 인장응력 및 균열을 억제하구 내부에 형성되는 결함을 방지함에 있다[2]. (중략)

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.1 s.79
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• pp.27-35
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• 2004

Most of concrete fatigue tests currently used are flexural tension or compression methods to investigate the tensile or compressive properties, respectively. However, the concrete pavement or concrete slab is actually subjected to a combined stress condition such as biaxial or triaxial. The split tension test may result in similar stress condition to biaxial stress condition. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the split tension fatigue test method for application in concrete. These were done by a finite element analysis and experimental series. The results were as follows: The optimum configuration of split tension fatigue test was a cylinder of 15cm in diameter and 7.5cm in thickness, which had a little different thickness compared to the KS standard cylinder of ${\phi}15{\times}30cm$. The concrete stress ratio of compressive against horizontal from FEA was 3.1, while that from theory was 3.0. The stress distributions of mortar and steel were almost similar at different thicknesses. The measured static split tensile strengths of concrete and mortar were quite similar at 30cm and 7.5cm thickness cylinders. The measured stress-strain relationship showed their consistency at all specimens regardless of thickness, and confirmed the results from FEA. As a results, the concrete split tension specimen, cylinder of 15cm in diameter and 7.5cm in thickness, could be used at fatigue test because of its accuracy, simplicity and convenience.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2001

The characteristics and production mechanism of residual stress generated by multi-pass welding of the steel pipe were elucidated from the results of three-dimensional thermal elastic-plastic FEM analysis. When the steel pipe was jointed by multi-pass welding, the stress components of circumferential direction and radial direction near welded joints on the inner surface and the outer surface of the pope were tensile. The stress component of axial direction on the inner surface was tensile and on the outer surface was compressive. On the other hands, the production mechanism of residual stress generated by multi-pass welding of the steel pipe was investigated. Residual stress generated by welding of the steel pipe was investigated not only by the thermal history but also by geometrical shape. Then, the generality of the production mechanism of residual stress generated by multi-pass welding was confirmed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.855-858
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• 2008

A compression lap splice can be calculated longer than a tension lap splice in high strength concrete according to current design codes. Including effects of transverse reinforcement, a compression splice becomes much longer than a tension splice. Effects of transverse reinforcement on strength and behavior of compression lap splice, which always exist in actual structures, have been investigated through experimental study of column tests with concrete strength of 40 and 60 MPa. Confined specimens have twice of calculated strengths by current design codes. New design equations for the compression lap splice including the effects of transverse reinforcement are required for practical purpose of ultra-high strength concrete. End bearing is enhanced by transverse reinforcement placed at ends of splice not by transverse reinforcement within splice length. As more transverse reinforcement are placed, the stresses developed by bond linearly increase. The transverse reinforcements at ends of splice a little improve the strength by bond.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.633-644
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• 2008

The structural framework design uses high-strength bolts and welding in column splices. However, for the column under high compression, the number of the required high-strength bolts can be excessive and the increase of welding results in difficulty of quality inspection, the transformation of the structural steels, and the increase of erection time. According to the AISC criteria, when columns have bearing plates, or they are finished to bear at splices, there shall be sufficient connections to hold all parts securely in place. The Korean standard sets the maximum 25% of the load as criteria. Using direct contact makes it possible to transfer all compressive force through it. The objective of this study is to examine the generally applied stress path mechanism of welded or bolted columns and to verify the bending moment and compression transfer mechanism of the column splice according to metal touch precision. For this study,22 specimens of various geometric shapes were constructed according to the change in the variables for each column splice type, which includes the splice method, gap width, gap axis, presence or absence of splice material, and connector type. The results show that the application of each splice can be improved through the examination of the stress path mechanism upon metal contact. Moreover, the revision of the relative local code on direct contact needs to be reviewed properly for the economics and efficiency of the splices.