• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.31-41
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• 2008

Consolidation characteristics of reclamated ground with dredged soil and methods of evaluating them are investigated in this paper. For a dredged and reclamated ground with a very high water content, self-weight consolidation being progressed, its consolidation characteristics are difficult to find since it is almost impossible to have a undisturbed sample. In order to overcome such a problem, methods of laboratory tests with disturbed sample were studied to obtain consolidation parameters required to analyze consolidation settlement in practices, using the conventional infinitesimal consolidation theory, were evaluated by carrying out various laboratory tests with disturbed soils such as oedometer test, constant rate of deformation test, Rowe-cell tests with ring diameters of 60 mm, 100 mm and 150 mm and the centrifuge model tests with 40 g-levels. Constitutive relations of void ratio - effective vertical stress - permeability were evaluated by using the inverse technique implemented with the finite strain consolidation theory and results of centrifuge model tests. Design soil parameters related to consolidation such as compression index, swelling index, coefficient of volume change and vertical and horizontal consolidation coefficients were proposed properly by analyzing the various test results comprehensively.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2009

A continuous, fast, and convenient experimental method, replacing recent tests such as standard oedometer or self weight consolidation test, is needed for the determination of the consolidation behavior of unformed soft soils. This study introduced the seepage induced fast consolidation test using the flow pump technique. It can obtain the consolidation characteristics of unformed soft soils conveniently and fast. The seepage induced consolidation test apparatus consists of a modified triaxial cell, differential pressure transducer, flow pump, and displacement transducer. The test continuously proceeds with starting seepage forces induced consolidation, loading consolidation, and permeability test on the same sample. In addition, this test result was compared with the standard oedometer test result to make this method valid. From this study it was found that this method is a convenient and time saving effective method for obtaining data required for calculation of consolidation settlement of unformed soft soils.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 1995

Laboratory testings, consisting of soil properties testing and vacuum consolidation testing with and without vertical wick drain, were carried out on five different types of soil to determine soil properties and relationship between settlement and time. One dimensional consolidation teat was performed to determine if this test could be used for predicting the behavior of soils during vacuum consolidation. From the results of this study, the one dimensional consolidation test does not appear to be suitable for predicting the rate of vacuum consolidation without wick drain. However, one dimensional consolidation test reasonably predicts the total settlement of vacuum consolidation without wick drain. In vacuum consolidation, the amount of the settlement for silty soils were more or less the same for both cases, with wick drain and without wick drain, even if the time required for consolidation was considerably different. And, strategic placement of wick drain ensures moisture content and the value of the density are similar throughout the soil sample. However, the presence of wick drain for clay Boils increased the amount of settlement and also shortened the time required for consolidation.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.153-160
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• 2001

딜라토메터를 이용한 현장 수평압밀계수 추정법의 국내 점토지반 및 실트질 지반에의 적용성을 평가하기 위해 국내 점토지반과 실트지반에 대하여 각각 딜라토메터 관입시험 및 소산시험을 수행하였다. 소산시험 결과로부터 DMT-C법 [p$_2$-log t법과 C-√t법]과 DMT-A법을 이용하여 수평압밀계수를 추정하여 상호 비교하였으며 다른 실험방법에서 얻어진 결과들과도 함께 비교하고 평가하였다. 비교대상으로는 동일지반의 현장 피에조콘 소산시험으로 얻어진 수평압밀계수 및 불교란시료에 대하여 수행된 로셀압밀실험 및 일차원 실내압밀실험 결과가 함께 이용되었다. 연구결과 C-√t법을 제외한 p$_2$-log t법과 DMT-A법은 국내 점토지반에 대하여 상호일치하는 결과를 줄 뿐 아니라 피에조콘 결과와도 비교적 잘 일치하는 수평 압밀계수를 측정하였으며 다른 결과와 비교할 때 신뢰성 있는 결과를 주었다. 그러나 실트질 지반에 대하여는 p$_2$-log t법만이 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.43-50
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• 2001

딜라토메터는 실험의 간편성, 경제성, 신속성 및 반복성 등을 바탕으로 현장에서의 지반공학적 물성추정에 보편화되고 있다. 또한 간단한 장비구성과 손쉬운 사용법에도 불구하고 다양한 지반공학적 물성들 -예로서, $K_{o}$ , OCR, $c_{u}$ , $\psi$, $c_{h}$, $k_{h}$, ${\gamma}$, M, $u_{o}$ -을 추정할 수 있으며 다양한 지반공학적 설계문제에 성공적으로 적용되어 왔다. 그러나 제안된 관계식들이 대부분 기존실험 결과들과의 비교를 통하여 얻어진 경험적 상관관계이며, 특히 압밀계수 추정에 관한 부분은 관입시 평면변형 상태의 지반변형으로 인한 관입모사의 복잡성으로 인하여 피에조콘 소산시험 해석을 위해 제안된 이론 해들에 경험적인 가정사항들을 추가하여 사용하는 반경험적 방법들과 순수한 경험적인 방법이 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 elf라토메터 관입기의 실제 평면적을 등가의 원형반경으로 고려한 등가반경을 사용하고 최적화기법을 적용함으로써, 소산시험에서 실제 관측된 간극수압($p_2$)과 딜라토메터 소산시험을 모사하여 얻어진 예측 간극수압의 차이를 최소화하는 수평압밀계수 추정법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법을 국내 양산지역에서 수행된 딜라토메터 소산실험에 적용하였으며 추정된 수평압밀계수 값을 기존의 딜라토메터 수평압밀계수 추정법들과 불교란 시료를 이용한 일차원 실내 압밀실험으로 얻어진 수평압밀계수 값들과 비교검증 하였다. 그 결과 제안된 방법으로 기존의 방법에 비해 실내 압밀실험 결과와 일치하는 수평압밀계수 추정결과를 얻었다. 또한, 제안된 방법으로 얻어진 수평압밀계수는 전 소산도 범위에서 고르게 관측값과 일치하는 소산곡선을 예측하여, 최적화기법을 이용한 딜라토메터 소산시험 해석으로 전 소산과정을 대표하는 압밀계수의 추정이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.35-40
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• 2009

In this paper, a series of laboratory chamber tests was carried out to evaluate promoting consolidation of a porous concrete pile fabricated with recycled aggregates (RAPP) method for soft ground improvement. Performing the laboratory chamber tests for the RAPP, characteristics of the surface settlement with time and the consolidation time were compared with those of SCP and GCP provided by You (2009) under the same experimental condition. In addition, the experimental results were compared with the numerical analysis in this study. As a test result, the effects for settlement reduction in both the primary and the secondary consolidation and promoting consolidation by RAPP were prominent comparatively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2005

Dredged soil from sea has much higher water content than liquid limit of clay and even if small loads apply, it will suffer a great settlement. Therefore it is very difficult to perform a consolidation test with general consolidation apparatus because of high water content. In this study Rowe cell apparatus consolidation tests have been performed with 5 slurry clays of a water content of 100%, 110%, 120%, 133%, and 150%. From the test results the consolidation characteristics such as compression index, secondary compression index, consolidation coefficient, and strain have been investigated with a variation of water content of dredged soil. The equations to get consolidation constants such as a compression index, a coefficient of consolidation, and strain have been proposed with the field water content.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.17-23
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• 2003

Accurate prediction of consolidation behaviors of the soft ground improved by plastic board drains is not easy because the consolidation characteristics of the improved ground has not been fully elucidated yet. The shape of drains is one of the most important factors which affect the consolidation characteristics of the improved ground. In this paper, a series of model consolidation tests of soft clay ground improved by plastic board drain were carried out, in order to investigate the effect of both plastic board width and stress level on consolidation characteristics of the improved ground. As the results, behaviors of both settlement and excess pore pressure dissipation were elucidated. Also, the non-uniform distribution of water content in the model ground was obtained. Then, in order to investigate the effect of vertical drainage on the consolidation behavior in the model tests, the comparison between experimental consolidation behaviors and Barron's theoretical ones were carried out. As the results, it was elucidated that the consolidation behavior in the model tests was affected not only by radial drainage but also by vertical drainage.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.221-228
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• 2003

In land reclamation construction using marine clay, a measure of material function, that is, the relation between void ratio-effective stress and permeability, is very important aspect for the prediction of self-weight consolidation behavior. But reclaimed ground has very high water content, so there are many difficulties in the laboratory test for measuring material function. For this reason, some researches are carried out using slurry cconsolidometr to measure material function. In this study, material function was measured using slurry consolidometer, and to overcome the shortcoming of researches using slurry cosolidometer, an equation for the prediction of material function was proposed on the basis of column test's parameter. Material function was determined through low stress consolidation test and permeability test, and it also was calculated with the equation using column test parameter. The continuity of material function could be confirmed through these tests. Material function is easily determined with the equation proposed in this study, and can be used for the prediction of self-weight consolidation behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 1999

This study is performed for the development of a field monitoring and test technique both of self-weight and hydraulic consolidation by which the soil parameters of dredge-reclaimed clay can be obtained effectively. The field monitoring development and tests mentioned above make it possible to reproduce the process of the self-weight consolidation from settling to reclaimed soft ground. The experimental research is mainly focussed on the characteristics of self-weight consolidation of dredged clayey soil. And theoretical study has pointed out the limits in the application of Terzaghi's one dimensional consolidation theory in interpreting reclaimed clayey ground. Furthermore, a finite difference analysis has been made on the basis of Mikasa s self-weight consolidation theory which takes the problems of Terzaghi's theory into consideration. The relationships between specific volume, effective stress, and the coefficient of permeability of Kunsan reclaimed clayey soil have been obtained by laboratory tests. On the other hand, through the field monitoring, pore pressure, total pressure, and water levels have been measured after pouring. The results of these experiments have been analyzed, and compared with those from Terzaghi's method and the finite difference analysis of Mikasa's self-weight consolidation theory. In conclusion, the measured settlements is comparatively consistent with Mikasa's self-weight consolidation theory rather than Terzaghi's consolidation theory.