• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.190-195
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• 2016

We report the effect of pressure varying from 0 to 1500 bar on the magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles synthesized from $Fe(OH)_2$ suspension using a high pressure homogenizer without any dispersing agent and oxidant. The observed X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that all the synthesized nanoparticles had the inverse spinel structure of magnetite. It was found from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and XRD analysis that the average size of the synthesized magnetite particles could be controlled by the pressure of the high pressure homogenizer. The average particle size was found to range from 21 to 26 nm and decrease with increasing pressure. Magnetic hysteresis measurements performed at room temperature using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) revealed the appearance of a superparamagnetic behavior in the magnetite nanoparticles synthesized at a pressure of 1500 bar.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.807-812
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• 2011

Fuel-side cold-flow tests were performed on the technology demonstration model of a 75 ton-class liquid rocket engine combustion chamber for the first stage of the Korea space launch vehicle II. Pressure drop in the cooling channels of the combustion chamber was measured by changing fuel mass flow rate through a pressure regulating system. Pressure drop in each segment of the chamber could be obtained and a lot of pressure drop was caused by high flow velocity in the nozzle throat segment. The accuracy of a hydraulic analysis method for calculating a pressure loss in cooling channels could be verified by applying it to the cold-flow test conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.56-61
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• 2012

Fuel-side cold-flow tests were performed on the technology demonstration model of a 75 ton-class liquid rocket engine combustion chamber for the first stage of the Korea space launch vehicle II. Pressure drop in the cooling channels of the combustion chamber was measured by changing fuel mass flow rate through a pressure regulating system. Pressure drop in each segment of the chamber could be obtained and a lot of pressure drop was caused by high flow velocity in the nozzle throat segment. The accuracy of a hydraulic analysis method for calculating a pressure loss in cooling channels could be verified by applying it to the cold-flow test conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.05b
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• pp.118-123
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• 1998

원자로 압력용기 재료로 사용되고 있는 ASTM SA508 및 SA533 계열의 재료는 결정구조가 체심입방격자(bcc)로서 시험온도별 최대흡수에너지(USE)에 대한 선도를 그리면 고온에서는 연성이 크고, 저온에서는 취성이 큰 전형적인 “S”자 형태의 Cv-천이온도곡선으로 나타난다. 그리고 조사전과 조사후의 연성-취성천이온도곡선을 흡수에너지값이 30ft-lb 또는 50ft-lb인 지점에석 비교해보면 재료의 조사취화(radiation embrittlement)현상으로 온도가 높은 쪽으로 이동됨을 알 수 있으며, 이러한 온도의 이동값은 원자로의 운전수명과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 따라서 조사전후의 흡수에 너지값에 따른 온도변화량를 정확하게 산출하기 위해서는 시편의 온도를 조절하는 장치 및 시편을 아주 짧은 시간내에 충격시험기의 앤빌까지 장전하는 장치 둥의 충격시험시스템 구축은 매우 중요하다. 이에 조사계시험시설(IMEF)에서는 원자로 압력용기 감시시험에 대한 충격시험시스템을 구축하였고, 이의 내용은 감시시험 수행에 기준이 되는 ASTM El85-82 및 과학기술처 고시 제 92-20호의 세부내용을 충분하게 만족시키는 것으로 확인되었으며, 이렇게 확인된 내용들은 현재 국내에서 수행되고 있는 감시시험에 적극적으로 활용되고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 1998

To establish the calibration system of hot cathode ionization gauges as transfer gauges, researches were concentrated on measurements of the pressure ratio, the orifice conductance as well as the porous plug conductance of a ultrahigh vacuum standards system. Two ionization gauges obtained from two different vendors were calibrated in the pressure range of $7{times}10^{-7}$ to $4{times}10^{-3}$ Pa by injecting argon gas into the standards system. As a result, a 4% difference was revealed in non-linearity of the extractor ionization gauge due to the pressure difference between high vacuum and ultrahigh vacuum, and 3% for the stabil ionization gauge. It has been understood that the extractor ionization gauge is able to be used within the 10% error, the uncertainty of the extractor ionization gauge, if properly regulating the sensitivity of the gas. The stabil ionization gauge was also proved to be useable in the maximum error margin of 4% without the control of the gas sensitivity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.313-316
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• 2008

에어컨 시스템은 압축기(Compressor), 응축기(Condenser), 증발기(Evaporator)와 확장밸브(Expansion Valve)로 구성되며, 에어컨 시스템에서 과열도와 저압(증발기의 압력)은 시스템의 효율 증대 및 성능 개선과 안정성에 대하여 결정적인 영향을 미친다. 따라서, 과열도와 저압을 조절하기 위해, 각각의 압축기내의 인버터 주파수와 확장밸브의 개도 제어가 중요하며 선형과 비선형 시스템 모두에 대하여 견실한 성능을 나타내고, 외란에 대하여 강인한 성능을 보이는 퍼지 제어기를 설계한다. 본 논문에서는 과열도와 저압을 제어하기 위하여, 3대의 확장밸브와 1대의 압축기를 가진 에어컨 시스템에 대하여 다중 퍼지 제어기를 설계한다. 또한, 각 제어 플랜트에 대하여 최적의 퍼지 제어기를 설계하기 위하여 3가지 최적화 알고리즘을 사용한다. 즉, 직렬 유전자 알고리즘(Serial Genetic Algorithm; SGA)과 병렬 유전자 알고리즘인 계층적 공정 경쟁 유전자 알고리즘(Hierarchical Fair Competition Genetic Algorithm; HFCGA), 그리고 Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)을 사용하여 다중 퍼지 제어기를 최적화하고 시뮬레이션의 결과를 비교한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

The turbochargers, which are used widely in diesel and gasoline engines, are an effective device to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. On the other hand, turbo-lag is one of the main problems of a turbocharger. Bearing friction losses is a major cause of turbo lag and is particularly intense in the lower speed range of the engine. Current turbochargers are mostly equipped with floating bearings: two journal bearings and one thrust bearing. This study focused on the bearing friction at the lower speed range and the experimental equipment was established with a drive-motor, load-cell, magnetic coupling, and oil control system. Finally, the friction losses of turbochargers were measured considering the influence of the rotating speed from 30,000rpm to 90,000rpm, oil temperature from $50^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$, and oil supply pressure of 3bar and 4bar. The friction power losses were increased exponentially to 1.6 when the turbocharger speed was increased. Friction torques decreased with increasing oil temperature and increased with increasing oil pressure. Therefore, the oil temperature and pressure must be maintained at appropriate levels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.129-129
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• 2011

냉음극 변압기 전원 소스를 이용하여 저진공에서 플라즈마를 발생시키는 시스템을 개발하였다. 또한 이 장치를 이용하여 도핑된 산화막 증착 기술을 연구하였다. 이 때 도핑 전구체는 액체 소스였으며 이를 기화시켜 사용하였다. 특히 p 타입이 도핑된 이산화규소 박막 증착을 상온에서 실시하였다. 공정 압력은 400~1,000 mT였으며, 전압은 약 1,100~2,100 V 범위에서 조절하였다. 증착된 박막은 박막 두께와 홀 측정을 실시하였다. 홀 측정을 위한 인듐 금속 접합을 400 C에서 실시하였다. 결과를 요약하면, 플라즈마 공정 압력이 400에서 1,000 mTorr로 증가함에 따라 박막 증착 속도는 약 240~440 ${\AA}$/min이었다. 또한 증착된 p-SiO2의 벌크 농도는 같은 압력 증가에 따라 약 $1.2{\times}10^{19}$에서 $6.5{\times}10^{18}/cm^3$으로 절반 정도 감소하였다. 그에 따라 도핑된 산화막의 비저항은 $~1.4{\times}10^{-3}$에서 $2.5{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$로 증가하였다. 홀 이동도는 약 380~400 $cm^2/V{\cdot}s$를 유지하였다. 또한 전압이 1,100 에서 2,100 V로 증가함에 따라 산화막의 증착 속도는 약 330에서 410 ${\AA}$/min으로 증가하였다. 그러나 전압이 증가해도 벌크 농도는 약 8,9~$6.6{\times}10^{18}/cm^3$의 범위였다. 보다 자세한 결과는 발표를 통해 설명할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.21-26
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• 2019

Exposure to a rapidly depressurized environment causes extinction of a burning solid propellant. Experiments have been conducted to determine the rate of depressurization required to extinguish a burning solid propellant. For this purpose, a depressurization combustor was designed and fabricated. The results of this experiment were used to determine the boundary between extinction and non-extinction of AP/HTPB solid propellants under different propellant compositions. Experimental results show that the initial and final pressures have a considerable effect on the critical depressurization rate.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the removal efficiencies of HCl in dry reactor and Bag-Filter system. The bicarbonate was used as adsorbent to measure the HCl removal rate. The performance of bicarbonate was evaluated to investigate the removal efficiency. It was analysed that the best operation condition in using bicarbonate in process. The operating parameters was residence time, stoichiometric ratio, temperature and pressure. The Residence time was 1.5 sec, stoichiometric ratio was 1SR, 1.25SR, temperature was $160^{\circ}C$, $180^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$ and the bag filter pressure was 210mmAq, 230mmAq, 250mmAq. In this study it was found that the stoichiometric ratio and pressure can be effected in removal of HCl however the removal efficiency do not depends on temperature. The best operating condition was on 1SR, 230mmAq and $180^{\circ}C$ respectively and in this condition the best removal rate was 99.50%.