• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is defined as the dissemination of cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity resulting in deposition of malignant cells onto parietal or visceral peritoneal surfaces, and is associated with malignant ascites. In general, PC has been treated similarly to metastatic cancers of the primary tumor, but associated with unfavorable outcomes as compared to other sites of metastatic disease from the same primary tumor origin. It has been known to have the median survival of only 3-6 months with supportive care alone. PC is an intractable problem to physicians because of its poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Recent studies have reported that a combination of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy improved survival in PC of colorectal cancer. This paper gives overviews of the characteristics, symptoms, prognosis, and diagnosis of PC and current treatment options on PC of stomach, colorectal, and unknown primary origin.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.175-178
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• 2010

A 5-year-old male Cocker spaniel was presented with an abrupt seizure episode. The dog was moderately dehydrated, hypersalivation and loss of consciousness at the presentation. Tentative diagnosis was made through history taking, clinical signs, physical examination, neurologic examination, basic laboratory examinations, radiological examination and cytologic examination. In addition, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) value was measured to diagnose in this case. The serum AFP concentration was marked elevated (1513.5 ng/ml). The patient was suspected as HCC and medical therapy was initiated to control hypoglycemic-associated seizure. However, the dog was euthanized because of the owner's request. It was diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the histopathologic examination. This case indicates that AFP measurement might be valuable to diagnose HCC in dogs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 2007

Purpose: An imbalance of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis is an important mechanism in carcinogenesis. Capase 3, survivin and p53 have been identified as important members of the apoptotic related proteins. This study evaluated the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), apoptosis, apoptotic related protein such as capase 3, survivin and p53 using urethane-induced mouse lung carcinogenesis, which provides reproducible steps from hyperplasia to adenocarcinoma. Methods: Urethane was administered to the ICR mice through an intra-peritoneal injection, The mice were sacrificed at 5, 15, and 25 weeks after urethane intervention. The sequential morphological changes and immunohistochemical expression of PCNA, apoptosis, capase 3, survivin, and p53 were examined during mouse lung carcinogenesis. Results: During carcinogenesis, the sequential histological changes were observed from hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, to anadenoma, and ultimately to an overt adenocarcinoma. The PCNA Labeling index (LI) was 9.6% in hyperplasia, 23.2% in adenoma, and 55.7% in adenocarcinoma, respectively. The apoptotic LI was 0.24% in hyperplasia, 1.25% in adenoma, and 5.27% in adenocarcinoma. A good correlation was observed between the PCNA LI and apoptotic LI. The expression of caspase 3 was remarkable- i.e., 46.7% in adenocarcinoma, in contrast to 15% in hyperplasia and 16% in adenoma. Survivin was detected weakly in the alveolar hyperplasia and showed an increasing expressional pattern in adenoma and adenocarcinoma. p53 expression was detected only in the adenocarcinoma lesions with an expression rate of 13.3%. The level of caspase 3 expression correlated with the increase in the apoptotic index. The positive expression of caspase 3 was associated with an increased apoptotic index. Conclusions: These results suggest that the PCNA LI and apoptotic LI might be useful markers for evaluating the risk of a malignant transformation. In addition, caspase, survivin and p53 might play a role in the early and late steges of urethane-induced mouse lung carcinogenesis.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.89-89
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• 1993

The laryngeal epithelial cell kinetics of 26 laryngeal lesions(invasive squamous cell carcinoma 14, epithelial hyperplasia 5, laryngeal nodule 7) were studied by immunehistochemical analysis with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67, which reacts with nuclear antigen in proliferating cells using paraffin embedded tissue. For DNA analysis, touch implint with fresh biopsy specimens were stained with feulgen and analyzed by image analyzer in 22 cases. 1) The proportion of Ki-67-positive cells were 32.65$\pm$ 11.59% in invasive squamous cell ca, 20.14$\pm$3.38% in epithelial hyperplasia lesion and 11.66$\pm$3.02% in laryngeal nodule. 2) DNA aneuploidy was found in 7 cases of 10(70%) invasive squamous cell carcinomas, 2 cases of 5(40%) epithelial hyperplasia lesions and all cases of laryngeal 3) Proliferation index(S phase+G2/M phase) show 23.42$\pm$11.33% in squamous cell carcinoma, 13.09$\pm$ 10.90% in epithelial hyperplasia lesion and 4.50$\pm$1.19% in laryngeal nodule. As the results, measuring the DNA content from touch imprint method together positivity of Ki-67 antibody from the microtissue during the laryngeal microscopic surgery, cell kinetics can be assessed as an effort of deciding the prognosis and provide a key to the management of precancerous lesions.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 1998

Purpose : Because adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix have lower 5-year survival rate than squamous cell carcinomas due to early lymph node metastasis and local extension, scrutiny of lymph node metastasis and local extension by radiologic examination is necessary in case of clinically diagnosed or suspected adenocarcinomas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether there are specific findings of these tumors, compared with squamous cell carcinomas, through the analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings. Materials and Methods : Of 21 pathologically proven cervical adenocarcinomas, MR imaging findings of 18 tumors (histologic staging : two Ib, four IIa, two IIb, one IIIa, and one IIIb) were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of 40 wquamous cell carcinoma in consecutive patients as a control group. T1-wetighted and fast spin echo T2-weighted images were obtained on the axial and sagittal planes, using a 1.5-T MR scanner. The largest diameter, location, signal intensity and degree of contrast enhancement contour, shape and longitudinal extent of the tumor and associated findings on MR image were analyzed. Results : The largest diameters of cervical adenocarcinomas ranged from 0.8 to 4.1 cm(mean, 2.2 cm). Of 18 adenocarcinomas, nine were of endocervical type. All adenocarcinomas were isointense to surrounding cervical stroma on T1-weighted images and hyperintense(homogeneous in ten, inhomogeneous in eight) on fast spin echo T2-weighted images. Adenocarcinomas enhanced on contrast study in all patients (homogeneous in six, inhomogeneous in 12 with hyperintese enhnacing rim in two). Eight adenocarcinomas had smooth contours and ten had irregular ones. The shape of adenocarcinoma was irregular in eight patients, barrel shape in six, papillary/polypod in three, and nodular in one. All adenocarcinomas involved lower half of the uterine cervix and six tumors extended up to the upper half. Pelvic lymph nodes of more than 1.5cm in diameter in two adenocarcinomas pateints and no detectable small pelvic lymph nodes on MR imaging in one patient were pathologically positive. Hydrometra was associated in two adenocarcinomas patients, and hematometra in one patient. Compared with squamous cell carcinomas, more frequent MR findings of endocervical type and barrel shape in cervical adenocarcinomas were statistically significant. Conclusion : Cervical adenocarcinomas had more frequent MR findings of endocervical type and barrel shape, compared with wquamous cell carcinomas. Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix may be suspected on MR imaging, when a cervical carcinoma is of barrel shape along the endocervical canal and tends to involve lymth nodes in earlier stages.

• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1995.11a
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• pp.217.1-217.1
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• 1995

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.247-250
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• 2015

A 10-year-old spayed female Pomeranian dog weighing 3.65 kg was presented with a 7-month history of urinary incontinence, stranguria and hematuria. The patient had mass lesions at left prescapular region ($3cm{\times}3cm$) and left axillary region ($5cm{\times}4cm$). Diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) with multiple cutaneous metastasis was made. Dog was treated with chemotherapy using mitoxantrone and piroxicam for 5 months. Although TCC size of urinary bladder was decreased during chemotherapy, there was no change of subcutaneous tumor size and mild relief of clinical signs. Partial anorexia for 3 weeks and multiple masses were noted at left caudal abdominal wall and left medial thigh (203 days after first presentation) and assessed as chronic kidney disease and additional subcutaneous metastasis of urinary bladder TCC by post-mortem and histopathological findings.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.459-463
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• 2015

A 14-year-old, castrated male mixed-breed dog weighing 9 kg was presented for hematuria and dysuria. Abdominal ultrasound showed unilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter with focal thickening of the ureteral wall. Surgical exploration revealed an intraluminal mass arising from the proximal left ureter. Mass resection was performed. Histopathology of the ureteral mass was consistent with a papillary transitional cell carcinoma. The patient recovered well post-operatively, but was diagnosed with another tumor three months later, this time in the right kidney. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the renal mass revealed an epithelial cell tumor with mesenchymal features.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2009

Purpose: Peritoneal recurrence has been reported to be the most common form of recurrence of gastric cancer. Peritoneal recurrence can generally be suggested by several types of image studies and also if there is evidence of ascites or Bloomer's rectal shelf. It can be confirmed by explorative laparotomy, but diagnostic laparoscopy is a good alternative method and laparoscopic surgery has also been widely used. We reviewed and analyzed the ability of diagnostic laparoscopy to detect peritoneal recurrence or carcinomatosis, and especially for gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review the 45 gastric cancer patients who were operated via diagnostic laparoscopy between 2004. 2. and 2009. 3. We analyzed the perioperative clinical characteristics and the accuracy of the diagnostic methods. Results: The study groups included 14 patients who had confirmed gastric cancer, but they suspected to have carcinomatosis, and 31 patients who had previously underwent gastric resection, but they suspected to have recurrence. The mean operation time was $44.1\pm26.9$ minutes and the mean postoperative hospital stay was $2.7\pm2.8$ days. There was one case of operation-related complication and no postoperative mortality occurred. The sensitivities for detecting peritoneal recurrence or carcinomatosis were 92.1% for diagnostic laparoscopy, 29.7% for detecting ascites and rectal shelf on the physical examination, 86.5% for abdominal computed tomography, 69.2% for PET CT and 18.8% for CEA. Conclusion: Diagnostic laparoscopy does not require a long operation time or a long hospital stay, and it showed a low complication rate in our study. It has high sensitivity for detecting peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer. It can be an alternative diagnostic confirmative method and it is useful for deciding on further treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.395-398
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• 1997

Whole body $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ scan in conjunction with parathyroid scan is an effective method in detecting parathyroid lesions in patients with bone pain and possible bone lesions such as brown tumors.