• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.41-53
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• 2013

This research was carried out to classify erosion shapes and sea-cliff erosion rates were estimated through periodic field survey in Dundu-ri, Anmyeondo. Based on the results of field measurements using the datum-point, the annual sea-cliff erosion rate was estimated about 25~102cm/yr by point. The erosion rate gradually increases from spring to summer, but tends to decrease slightly in autumn. Specifically, the erosion rate between June and July indicated a rather decreasing trend, but showed a sharp increase between July and September. This was attributed to erosion that proceeds more rapidly than during other periods due to severe rainstorms in summer that had a direct impact on the study area as well as storm surges caused by hurricanes. Afterwards, the sea-cliff erosion rate gradually decreased in autumn, but reflected an increasing trend again from December to January. This was attributed to the mechanical weathering that actively progresses as bed rocks on the sea-cliff undergo repeated freezing and thawing in winter. The seacliff in Dundu-ri is divided into three types according to the erosion shape. First, Type A is observed in the sea-cliff composed of the same bed rocks and hard rock stratum. Second, Type B is found in the sea-cliff with a relatively gentler slope compared to Type A, since weathering material including soil is formed on the surface of the sea-cliff consisting of the same bed rocks and hard rock stratum. Lastly, Type C is observed in the sea-cliff where hard rock stratum is mixed with soft rock stratum. In this case, the soft rock stratum slumps and erodes first by precipitation and wave energy, followed by additional slumping of the exposed hard rock stratum.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.270-279
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• 2011

This study to analyze differences of cancer patient's health utilizations in medical aid program and national health insurance by analysing health insurance claims data, and identify effects of health care systems. The majors results of the research were as follows. First, cancer patients in medical aid program more used total medical expenditures than in national health insurance mostly by many outpatient visits and long term hospitalization. Second, results of multiple regression, cancer patients in medical aid program more used total expenditures and inpatient expenditures. But, outpatient expenditures weren't different, cancer patients in medical aid program more visited medical institutions and hospitalized long term periods than in national health insurance. Therefore, it is too early to conclude that moral hazard is in health utilizations of medical aid program, because cancer patients in medical aid program many use in benefits for many nonbenefit burdens.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.357-367
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• 2017

The study investigated information about the effects of message framing on colorectal cancer(CRC) screening related health beliefs and compliance with the CRC screening test within the theoretical framework of the prospect theory and the Health belief model (HBM). This study was using a non-randomized controlled quasi-experimental design. One hundred and sixty-four in the industrial workers who were currently nonadherent to guidelines for receiving screening were assigned to one of three experimental conditions: (a) gain-framed message, (b) loss-framed message, and (c) general-framed message. CRC screening-related health beliefs was self-reported after the intervention. And the immunoassay Fecal Occult Blood Test (iFOBT) kit was collected at 1 week. The research finding were analyzed by $x^2$ test and one-way ANOVA using SPSS 21.0. The loss-framed message group had higher perceived susceptibility, severity and benefit than the gain-framed message and general message. The participation rate for the immunoassay Fecal Occult Blood Test(iFOBT) was highest in the loss-framed message group. The loss framed messages more effective to enhance screening behavior. The present results provide a theoretical basis for developing educational guidelines for CRC testing and could be used for performing comprehensive approach by predicting and suggesting the practical effects according to message type in advance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.246-249
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• 2003

충북 괴산군-보은군 일대를 따라 발달된 중부 옥천대의 구룡산층과 운교리층 분포지역에서, 기반암에 따른 지하수의 수질특성의 차이를 규명하고자 하였다. 2002년 11월에 18개 지점에서 지하수 시료를 채취하였고, 이를 분석하여 기반암에 따른 지하수의 수질을 분류하였다. 구룡산층 시료와 운교리층 시료 모두 Ca-(HCO$_3$+ CO$_3$) 유형의 수질특성을 보였다. 군집분석의 결과 기반암의 종류에 따라 수질특성이 나됨을 알 수 있었다. 수질 분석결과를 국내 먹는물 수질기준와 비교 하였을때, 질산성 질소 항목만 기준치를 초과하였다. 질산성 질소의 경우, 국내 먹는물 수질기준인 10 mg/L를 초과한 시료는 한 지점이었지만, 인간 활동에 의해 오염된 것으로 여겨지는 2 mg/L이상의 시료는 전체 18개 시료 중 61%인 11개 지점으로 나타나, 이 연구지역에서 인간활동에 의한 질산성 질소의 오염이 진행되고 있음을 추정할 수 있었다.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.85-96
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• 2014

A waterfall is a channel unit with steep bedrock. No strict criteria for height, water volume, gradient to define waterfalls exist in Korea. The goal of our study is to classify waterfalls based on morphological forms which are the outcomes of developmental processes. The genesis of waterfall depends upon erosional properties of waterfall. The height, gradient, bedrock strength and stream power of waterfalls are regarded as the main factors, by which waterfalls can be classified. We find out that the most important factor for the development of waterfalls is joint system. Development of joint system varies depending on bedrocks. Flow directions and erosional types are decided by the density and direction of joint system in the bedrock, which also decide the height and gradient of stream bed. Joint type decides the gradients of the bed, gradient and height of waterfalls, therefore, decides morphological forms.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.503-512
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of socioeconomic status on quality of life(QOL) among breast cancer survivors. The data were from breast cancer survivors in their forties, among whom the prevalence in terms of age was the highest in Korea. A total of 607 cases were analyzed and the mean scores of QOL measured by FACT-B were 93.75(SD=21.50). After controlling for the other socio-demographic and medical variables, QOL was significantly correlated to income and job type, which confirms the association between high socioeconomic status and better QOL. Specifically, groups with higher income($${\geq_-}4$$ million won/month, ${\beta}=0.11$, p= .03) and groups with self-employed(${\beta}=0.10$, p= .01) or professional/managerial(${\beta}=0.17$, p< .001) job type showed significantly better QOL. The need for more attention and support, including formal and informal resources, for breast cancer survivors with low socio-economic status and the implication for practice were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.313-323
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• 2015

This study was performed to examine the prevalence of and risk factors for depression and anxiety among breast cancer survivors in their 40s. Completed questionnaires were collected from 609 breast cancer survivors in their 40s who agreed to participate the study. The mean scores of CES-D and GAD-7 were 16.35(SD=9.24) and 4.25(SD=4.17), respectively. Nearly 47.7% of the participants had depression and 10.3% had anxiety. The mean score of pain severity was 1.91(SD=1.60) and 10.9% of the participants reported more than moderate pain. The final model in the hierarchical regression analysis showed that pain interference, unemployment, the type of live-in partner, and past psychiatric disease were the significant risk factors for depression, and pain interference, unemployment and past psychiatric disease for anxiety. These results show the prevalence of depression and anxiety among breast cancer survivors in their 40s is high and suggest appropriate psychosocial intervention should be provided for high risk groups based on those risk factors.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2007

Fermented soybean, Chungkookjang contains microorganism, enzyme, and diverse bioactive compounds. Isoflavones in Chungkookjang might suppress breast and prostate cancers. Using HPLC and Mass analyses, it was found that 100% ethanol extract of Chungkookjang contains aglycone forms such as genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. 8-OH-genistein, 8-OH-daidzein were not found. There are two estrogen receptors, $ER{\alpha},ER{\beta}$. $ER{\alpha}$ might stimulate proliferation of breast and prostate cancer cells, and $ER{\beta}$ might suppress their growth. Using yeast transactivation assay under the control of human ER expression, it was demonstrated that isoflavones in Chungkookjang can stimulate $ER{\beta}_{1}$, selectively.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 1992

Gestational choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumor which arises from the trophoblast of human pregnancy. This tumor develops early pulmonary metastasis and the most common pattern of pulmonary metastasis is discrete multiple nodules. But occasionally solitary pulmonary metastasis occurs. Authors presented three cases of choriocarcinoma presented with different types of solitary pulmonary metastases with review of literatures. We emphasize the importance of careful obstetric history taking and screening of serum gonadotropin level in differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary lesion especially among women who are from areas of high prevalence of trophoblastic neoplasia.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.167-179
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• 2016

Water quality of Oseepchun, Dogye area, was investigated quantitatively for its origin and hydrogeochemistry in relation to the influence of groundwater. Groundwater appears to be the principal source of Oseepchun from the water-quality monitoring data including redox potentials, composition of dissolved ions and their correlations, hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopic ratios, and the distribution and occurrence of contaminants. Water-quality type of the surface water was grouped by the water-rock interactions as $Ca-HCO_3$ type originated from carbonated bed-rocks in the Joseon Supergroup, (Ca, Mg)-$SO_4$ type related with dissolution of surfide minerals in coal beds of Pyeongan Supergroup, and (Ca, Mg)-($HCO_3$, $SO_4$) type of the mixed one. Locally water pollution occurs by high $SO_4$ from mine drainage and $NO_3$ from waste-treatment facility. Intensive precipitation in summer has no effect on the water type of Oseepchun, but increases the inflow of nitrate and chloride originated from land surface. Results of this study direct that groundwater-surface water interaction is intimate, and thus surface-water resource management should begin with groundwater characterization.