• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.960-965
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• 2010

To develop Corni Fructus as a cancer preventive food material, the in vitro cytotoxicities and in vivo antitumor activities of various concentrations of 80% Corni Fructus ethanol extract (CFEE) were investigated using sarcoma-180 cancer cell. Viability was decreased and cell death rate was increased in both dose- and time-dependent manners in cells treated with CFEE at 10, 100, 300, and $500\;{\mu}g/mL$ concentrations for 24, 48, and 72 hr. Proliferation was also inhibited more than 60% in cells treated with CFEE at the $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ concentration for 48 hr. In addition, the morphology of cells treated with CFEE at the 100 and $500\;{\mu}g/mL$ concentrations was distorted with shrunken cell masses and lower cell numbers compared to the control cells. In the cells treated with CFEE, the formation of apoptotic bodies and nuclear condensation were observed in dose dependent manners. CFEE also increased DNA fragmentation values at the 100 and $500\;{\mu}g/mL$ concentrations. The apoptosis induced by CFEE was connected to the proteolytic activation of caspase-3. When CFEE was administered at 100 and 300 mg/kg, ip, for 7 consecutive days in mice inoculated with sarcoma-180 cancer cell, the life span of the mice was found to be longer than that of the control mice that did not receive the extract. These results suggest that Corni Fructus may be used as a potential cancer preventive food material.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.445-448
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• 1995

This study was performed to observe cytotoxic effect of Acetobacter aceti OLS-001 extract against cancer cell lines, including mouse leukemic lymphocyte(P388, L1210) and human rectal(HRT-18) cell. The anticancer substance were prepared by ethanol precipitation of the glass bead extraction combined with hot water of Acetobacter aceti OLS-001. The growth rates of the cancer cells in medium containing Acetobacter aceti extract were inhibited gradually to a significant degree in proportion to the increase of the extract concentration. Morphology of HRT-18 cells in medium containing Acetobacter aceti extract were seen to be shrinked and fragmented.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.5 s.72
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• pp.685-691
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• 2005

Growth and DNA synthesis inhibitory effects of doenjang methanol extract and its solvent fractions on AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells, Hep 3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, HT-29 human colon cancer cells and MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells were studied. The treatment of doenjang methanol extract ($ 200{\mu}g/ml $) with the AGS, Hep 3B, HT-29 and MG-63 cancer cells after 6 days of incubation inhibited the growth of cancer cells by $32\%$, $51\%$, $84\%$ and $33\%$, respectively. To separate active compounds of doenjang, doenjang methanol extract was fractionated with dichloromethane, ethylacetate, and buthanol. Among the solvent fractions, the dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions showed the highest growth inhibitory effects on various cancer cells. For example, the dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions ($200a{\mu}g/ml$) sig-nificantly inhibited the growth of various cancer cells by $89\∼96\%$ and$62\∼86\%$, respectively. DNA synthesis of AGS and Hep 3B cancer cells was significantly inhibited by adding dichloromethane fraction ($200{\mu}g/ml$) up to $94\%$ and $80\%$, respectively. Similarly, the ethylacetate fraction ($ 200\mug/ml $) showed a $ 95\% $ inhibition rate of DNA synthesis in AGS cells. These results suggest that the dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions have specific active compounds, which will explain this anticancer effect of doenjang.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1507-1514
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• 2017

The purpose of this study aimed at examining the antiproliferative effect of kimchi (kimchi B) adding mistletoe extract known as an anticancer function to improve the functions of kimchi. The study investigated the antiproliferative effect through hemocytometer counts and MTT assay, apoptosis induction through DAPI staining, and mRNA expression through RT-PCR using human lung carcinoma A549 cells. The standardized kimchi (Kimchi A) was used as a control group. As a result of hemocytometer counts and the MTT assay, it was found that kimchi samples inhibited the growth of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Kimchi B induced apoptosis in A549 cells through DAPI staining. The apoptosis induced by kimchi B was associated with the increase in the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and with the decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Also, kimchi B influenced the increase in the expression of p21 mRNA, but did not have the effect on the expression of p53 mRNA. In conclusion, the antiproliferative effect of kimchi B was due to apoptosis induced by increasing Bax and decreasing Bcl-2, and increasing p21. The findings will be utilized to develop kimchi with the improved function for the patients having cancer.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.538-544
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• 2012

Ethanol is known as being carcinogenic to humans. In addition, the anti-proliferative effects of ethanol have been described for a variety of tissues and cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effects of ethanol on various cancer cells, particularly on oncogenic $ras$-transformed or-injected cells. Ethanol treatment inhibited the cell proliferation of normal control cells, but did not suppress the proliferation of various cancer cells and oncogenic $ras$-transformed cells. Furthermore, ethanol treatment did not interfere with DNA synthesis, which was induced by microinjecting the oncogenic $H-Ras^{V12}$ protein. The anti-proliferative effect of ethanol was rescued by antioxidants, such as $N$-acetylcysteine and 4-methlpyrazole. These results suggest that ethanol cytotoxicity is exerted through free radical formation, and that the anti-proliferative action site of ethanol cytotoxicity either lies upstream, or is independent of Ras.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2016

The current study was carried out to determine the effects of the seed, flesh (seedless fruit), and leaf of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindle.) on antioxidative activity and anti-proliferation in human cancer cells. Total polyphenol contents of loquat seed, flesh, and leaf ethanol extracts were found to be 17.77, 32.32, and 28.08 mg/g, respectively. Also, total flavonoid contents of loquat seed, flesh, and leaf ethanol extracts were found to be 18.77, 28.73, and 21.35 mg/g, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of DPPH hydroxyl scavenging of loquat seed, flesh, and leaf ethanol extracts were 0.049, 0.063, and 0.042 mg/mL, respectively. Antioxidative indexes of loquat leaf and seed ethanol extracts was highly and it was similar to the BHA and BHT. The antioxidative activities in loquat seed and leaf ethanol extracts were higher in loquat flesh. The antiproliferation effect of loquat seed and leaf ethanol extracts on liver cancer cell line (H460), stomach cancer cell line (AGS) and lung cancer cell line (A549) showed higher values compared with the flesh ethanol extracts. These results indicate that loquat ethanol extracts may play a positive role in antioxidative properties and cancer prevention.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-35
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• 2010

연구목적 : 이 연구는 봉약침의 봉독이 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성억제와 안드로겐 수용체 조절 단백질 및 세포자멸사 조절 단백질의 발현을 통하여 세포자멸사를 유도하고, 전립선 암세포를 이식한 쥐에서의 세포자멸사 유도 효과를 확인함으로써, 봉약침의 봉독이 생체 내에서도 세포자멸사를 유도하여 전립선암에 효과를 나타냄을 확인하고자 하였다. 실험방법 : 세포자멸사의 관찰에는 DAPI, TUNEL staining assay를 시행하였으며, 세포자멸사 조절 단백질의 변동 관찰에는 western blot analysis를 시행하였고, 세포자멸사와 연관된 NF-${\kappa}B$의 활성 변화를 관찰하기 위해 EMSA를 시행하였다. 결과 : 1. DAPI, TUNEL staining assay 결과 봉독 및 melittin을 처리한 LNCaP 세포 모두에서 세포자멸사 유도율이 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 2. LNCaP 세포에 봉독이나 melittin을 처리한 결과, 안드로겐 수용체 조절 단백질 중 p-Akt, COX-2, calpain은 봉독과 melittin 모두에서 유의한 감소를 나타내었고, Akt는 melittin에서 유의한 감소를 나타냈으며, 봉독에서 증가하는 경향을 보였고, MMP-9은 증가하였다. 3. 생체 내에서의 봉독의 항암효과를 확인하기 위해 전립선암세포가 이식된 쥐에 봉독을 처리한 후 암세포의 부피와 무게, 쥐의 체중을 측정한 결과, 봉독을 처리한 군에서 암 세포 부피비율 및 무게는 감소하였고, 쥐의 체중은 증가하였다. 4. 전립선암세포가 이식된 쥐에 봉독을 처리한 결과, NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성에서 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 5. 전립선암세포가 이식된 쥐에 봉독을 처리한 결과, 세포자멸사 조절 단백질 중 Bax/Bcl-2, p53, caspase-3, caspase-9, calpain은 유의한 증가를, COX-2는 유의한 감소를 나타냈으며, MMP-9는 증가를 나타내었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과는 봉독이 시험관 내에서 뿐만 아니라 생체 내에서도 NF-${\kappa}B$의 활성을 억제하고 안드로겐 수용체 조절 단백질 및 세포자멸사 조절 단백질의 조절을 통하여 인간 전립선암 세포주인 LNCaP의 세포자멸사를 유도함으로써 전립선암 세포 증식억제 효과 및 호르몬 비의존적인 전립선암으로의 전이를 지연시키는 경향이 있을 것으로 사료되고, 봉독이 전립선암의 예방과 치료에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1514-1519
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Porphyra tenera (PT) on cytotoxicity and quinone reductase (QR) activity in the cancer cells. PT was extracted with methanol and further fractionated into five different types: hexane (PTMH), ethyl-ether (PTMEE), ethylacetate (PTMEA) butanol (PTMB) and aquous (PTMA) partition layers. We determined the cytotoxic effect of these layers on C6, HepG2, MCF-7, and HT-29 cell lines by MTT assay. Among the various fractions, hexane (PTMH) of PT showed the strongest cytotoxic effect on C6, HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines. PTMH displayed very low level of cytotoxicity at the lower concentration levels and at 300 $\mu$g/mL. PTMH resulted in 87.5$\%$ growth inhibition on C6 cell 70 $\%$ on the HepG2 cell and 89$\%$ on the MCF-7 cell, which were significantly high compared to other fractions. A 400 $\mu$g/mL PTMH concentration level, 99$\%$, 94.5$\%$ and 99$\%$ of cell growth inhibition were resulted on the same cell lines. On HT-29 cell line, both hexane (PTMH) and aqueous (PTMA) fraction of PT showed cytotoxic effects, but the Percentage was not as high as previous results tested on other cell lines such as C6 HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines. Also, we observed quinone reductase (QR) inducing-effects in all fractions of PT on HepG2 cells. The QR inducing effects of the PTMH on HepG2 cells at 150 $\mu$g/mL concentration was 6.6 times higher than the control. Although further studies are needed, the present work suggests that PT was a potential to be used as a chemopreventive.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.5 s.85
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• pp.671-677
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effect of the water-extract from non-fermented or fermented Chaga mushrooms (Inonotus obliquus) on the proliferation and apoptosis of the NIH3T3 mouse normal fibroblast cells and various human cancer cell lines including HCT-15 human colon carcinoma, AGS human gastric carcinoma, MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma, Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma and HeLa human cervical carcinoma using MTT(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and DNA fragmentation. In an anti-cancer test using various human cancer cells, fermented Chaga mushroom extract showed higher antiproliferating effect than that of non-fermented Chaga mushroom extract. Mouse normal NIH3T3 cells were exhibited 80% above survival under fermented or non-fermented Chngn mushroom extract of various concentrations(0, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml). Fermented Chaga mushroom extract significantly inhibited cell growth on HCT-15 cells in a dose-dependent manner. HCT-15 cells treated with non-fermented or fermented Chaga mushrooms extract produced a distinct oligonucleosomal ladder with different sizes of DNA fragments, a typical characteristic of cells undergoing apoptosis. These results suggest that fermented Chaga mushroom extract suppresses growth of HCT-15 human colon carcinoma cells through apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.936-940
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• 2004

Doenjang (Korean soy paste) is one of the popular soybean based fermented foods in Korea. This study investigated the growth and DNA synthesis inhibitory effect of doenjang methanol extracts on AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells, Hep 3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and HT-29 human colon cancer cells. In order to determine an anticancer effect of doenjang methanol extracts, other soybean fermented foods and original materials were compared. The treatment of doenjang methanol extracts (200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) to the AGS, Hep 3B and HT-29 cancer cells inhibited the growth of cancer cells by 80%, 77% and 86%, respectively. Compared to other soybean fermented foods and original materials, doenjang methanol extracts showed the highest growth inhibitory effect on different cancer cells. In addition, doenjang methanol extracts (200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) significantly inhibited DNA synthesis of AGS and Hep 3B cancer cells by 76% and 59%, respectively. These results suggested that this anticancer effect of doenjang may be due to specific active compounds, which will be newly produced during soybean fermented process and not contained in soybean.