• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.536-544
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• 2021

In the present study, safe management and value improvement of bamboo sunblind, which is an item of cultural heritage, were performed by adopting stable conservation treatment methods. The bamboo sunblind used in the present study was excavated from No. 1 catchment site in Baesanseongji, Busan. It was determined that the main material used to make the sunblind was bamboo, and herbal plants were used to weave the bamboo using lacquer as an adhesive agent. All contaminants and soil adhered to the sunblind was removed. Thereafter, the sunblind, which was recovered in the form of blocks, was washed separately after fixing it to a temporary plaster frame and to avoid the blocks from breaking during washing. Then, polyethylene glycol (PEG) impregnation was utilized for the reinforcement treatment. Based on the preliminary test results, the shape of the sunblind was fixed using a stainless-steel frame to prevent physical damage that may occur during the drying process. Thereafter, the bamboo sunblind was vacuum freeze-dried. PEG 20% (in ethyl alcohol) was applied as a surface treatment agent for stabilization the sunblind. After the surface treatment, the bamboo sunblind were joined together to fit the maximum width, and the rectangular shape of the sunblind was restored-as best as possible-while filling in the missing parts by maximizing the use of unknown members such as in the disturbed layers below bamboo sunblind surface. The conservation treatment was completed by fixing the bamboo sunblind into the fabricated frame.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 1992

The effect of benzyladenine (BA) on lipid peroxidation and compositions of total insoluble proteins and chloroplast thylakoid protein from wheat primary leaves during senescence in the dark was studied. BA ($10^{-5}\;M$) treatment prevented conspicuously the loss of chlorophyll content and soluble and insoluble leaf protein contents in senescing wheat leaf segments during 4-day dark incubation. Under the BA treatment, especially, the level of insoluble protein was highly maintained than that of soluble protein. Also, the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA: the peroxidation product of membrane lipids) content was inhibited in the BA treated leaves. Three major polypeptide bands in quantity corresponding to 57, 26 and 12 KD molecular weight were clearly resolved with other minor bands by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in the insoluble protein fraction. The insoluble protein profiles of the control leaves showed a remarkable decrease in the intensity of the 57 and 12 KD band except for 26 KD band in the 72 h dark incubation. This loss during dark incubation was reduced by BA treatment. More than 20 polypeptides were resolved in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane fraction with the most prominent bands which are 59 and 57 KD ($\alpha\;and\;\beta$ subunit of coupling factor: CF) and 26 KD (apoprotein of LHCP). The changes in thylakoid protein profile during 72 h dark incubation showed the rapid degradation in control, but this degradation was prevented in quantity by BA treatment. The above results suggested that BA would inhibit the peroxidation of membrane lipids, thereby preventing the loss of membrane proteins which led to the maintenance of the membrane integrity including chloroplast thylakoid.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2010

The objective of the current study was to determine the cryoprotective effects of trehaolse on lactic acid bacteria in the frozen yoghurt during long-term frozen storage conditions. The frozen yoghurts were prepared using starter culture containing Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, as well as trehalose and sorbitol as a cryoprotectant. The viable cell numbers of lactic acid bacteria in frozen yoghurt did not significantly decreased during six weeks frozen storage conditions. The MRS broth, which contains either trehalose or sorbitol, cultured with L. bulgaricus and/or S. thermophilus, and then the cultured medium was kept in the frozen condition for six weeks. The results indicated that lactic acid bacteria viability significantly increased with trehalose addition (2 and 5%) in the media compared to those of control and sorbitol supplement groups. The lactic acid bacteria viability in the yoghurts was examined on the effects of repeated freeze and thaw events. The freeze-thaw resistance of lactic acid bacteria significantly increased with trehalose supplement in the yoghurt. The major volatile aroma compounds (acetaldehyde, acetone, ethanol, diacetyl, and acetoin) in yoghurt were separated and indentified by headspace GC-FID analysis. Distinct flavor components and their ratios are known as important quality factors for yoghurt notes. Trehalose addition to the yoghurt was not influenced these factors during lactic acid fermentation. The results in this study demonstrated that trehalose potentially can be applicable as an effective cryoprotectant for lactic acid bacteria in the frozen yoghurt products.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.462-469
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• 2018

HSP90 regulates various proteins involved in differentiation and cell survival. Levels of HSP90 tend to increase during development of squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck including the mouth. Thus, many studies have been conducted to treat these cancers through suppression of HSP90. This study investigated the effect of two HSP90 inhibitors, geldanamycin and 17-AAG, on the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cell survival and cell cycle analyses, as well as western blot analysis, were performed with oral cancer cell lines, YD-10B and YD-38. After treatment with HSP90 inhibitors, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited. When YD-10B and YD-38 cells were treated with various concentrations of geldanamycin and 17-AAG (0, 0.1, 0.3, 1 and $10{\mu}M$) for 24 hr, the growth of YD-10B cells was markedly reduced compared to that of YD-38 cells. Thereafter, the cells were subjected to flow cytometry, which revealed G2 arrest. These results demonstrated that geldanamycin induced G2 arrest and inhibited cell proliferation through the $p-GSK-3{\beta}$ pathway in YD-10B and YD-38 cells, thus inhibiting cell survival. HSP90 inhibitors are therefore expected to have a therapeutic effect on various cancer cell lines.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2015

X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis using X-ray absorption spectroscopy is being applied as a state-of-the-art method in a wide range of disciplines. This review article summarizes the overall procedure of XAFS analysis from the preparation of soil samples to the analysis of data in X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) region and extended Xray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) region. The previous studies on application of XANES and EXAFS techniques in environmental soil science field are discussed and classified them according to metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn). A significant number of previous studies of XAFS application in the environmental soil science field have focused on the identification of Pb chemical species in soil. Moreover, XANES and EXAFS techniques have been widely used to investigate the contamination source via identification of metal species. Similarly, these techniques were applied to identify the mechanisms of metal stabilization in soil after application of various amendments, phytoremediation, etc.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

ROK armed forces conducted exercise for something limited "Civil Factor" of Civil-Military Operations at the Liberalized Area in North Korea by using ROK battle simulation model and a linked US simulation model such as JNEM during ROK-US combined exercise period. However, they conducted exercise by exchanging with messages only during each exercise, because of hard coding for "Civil-Factor" and various situations applied onto battle simulation model and JNEM. Fortunately, ROK armed forces arranged the 5 functionalities of Civil-Military Operations which is adopted with military situation in Korean Peninsular. Even more "Civil-Military Operations Simulation Model System" is developing since 2014 by ROK MND. Among the 5 functionalities of Civil-Military Operations, the administration is fundamental. Its detailed operational plan is hard to be quantitative subjects because it is too qualitative to be simulated. But we found a way to quantify, and described simulation flow charts for the 5 main subjects (including 13 tasks) of administration to verify relevance between its simulation results and other functionalities. So we suggested a simulation method which gets an objective suitability, also hope this will be helpful to the Civil-Military Operations exercise.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.15-22
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• 2019

Coal combustion products are generated during coal combustion and can be grouped into fly ash and bottom ash depending on collection methods. Fly ash and bottom ash can be recycled for various purposes based on their characteristics. Australia is the fourth largest coal production country in the world and reuses coal ash as cement, concrete, mine filler, and agricultural soil amendment. When fly ash is used as a supplement for cement and concrete, strength of the cement and the durability of the concrete can be improved. Use of coal combustion product for mine backfill stabilizes underground mine voids and stores a large amount of coal ash in the voids. Because of alkalinity of coal combustion products, it can neutralize acid mine drainage when used for mine backfill. In addition, it can be used as an agricultural soil amendment to improve acidity and physical properties of the soil and to supply plant nutrients. Recycling of fly ash in Australia will be further expanded because of its low trace element contents that can be toxic to plants and low radioactive element contents existing within soil background concentrations. The characteristics of coal combustion products are related to the characteristics of the coal used for combustion, and since Korea imports coal from Australia, Korean coal combustion products also can be recycled for various purposes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.03a
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• pp.103-103
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• 2011

비스코스레이온(Viscose Rayon)소재는 목재 펄프를 원료로 한 재생섬유(습식방사)로서 Drape성과 반발성은 탁월하나, 습식방사에 따른 분자구조적 불안정성으로 건 습열처리시 형태불안정(치수변화율이 큼)으로 제직(준비) 및 후공정상 여러 가지 Trouble 유발과 완제품 세탁시 수축발생으로 종종 Dry Creanning 해야 하는 문제점들이 내재되어 있다. 또한 수분흡수시 강도저하, 수축과 구김, 염색 불균염 등의 문제점과 섬유공정상 생활취급상에 많은 애로를 가지고 있으며, 구성고분자가 수소결합에 의해 강고하여 "신축문제", 수분흡수시 팽윤(Swelling)에 의한 형태불안, 즉 "수축문제"가 개선해야 할 고질적 문제로 남아있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 레이온 소재의 형태안정화 제품을 개발하기 위하여 복합사고공 및 염색가공 기술을 개발하고자한다. 신축 및 복합기술에 의한 Rayon DTY, N/R 신축 및 복합기술에 의한 Rayon DTY, N/R 복합가공사를 개발, 제편직 요소기술과 염가공기술을 연구하므로서 형태안정성 레이온 복합소재 제품을 개발하고자 한다. Rayon 소재의 후공정 용이성과 형태안정성을 부여하기 위하여, 레이온 DTY가공사, Rayon-합섬 장(長)-장(長) 복합사를 개발하여 CoolBiz용 냉감소재 및 스포츠 웨어 소재 등으로 활용하고자 한다. 사가공기술에 의한 신도 16%, 수축률 1.6%인 형태안정 Rayon DTY 소재를 개발하였으며, 선연후가공기술에 의하여 N/R 복합가공사를 개발, 신도 18%, 수축률 1.2%인 차별화 레이온 소재를 개발하였다. 이에 기존 Rayon 후가공 및 염색공정과 상이한 개발된 선연후 가연 Rayon DTY가공사 및 T/R혼방사를 활용한 직물에 대하여 최적 전처리, 염색 후가공 공정의 최적 조건을 알아보았다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2011

This study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of resveratrol and methoxylated resveratrol extracted from branch of Morus alba L. on the quality of chicken thigh meat during cold storage. For 35 days, 1-day-old 320 broiler chicks (Ross) were divided into 8 groups and supplemented the diet; basal diet only (BD), BD with antibiotics (AB), vitamin E 20 IU (VE 20), vitamin E 200 IU (VE 200), resveratrol 20 ppm (RV 20), resveratrol 200 ppm (RV 200), methoxylated resveratrol 20 ppm (MR 20), and methoxylated resveratrol 200 ppm (MR 200). After slaughtering the broilers, thighs were collected and analyzed the quality change of the meat during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. The meat quality factors such as pH, color, water holding capacity, and sensory characteristics of thigh meat were determined on the experiment day 1, 3, and 5. AB, VE, and MR increased pH value of chicken thigh compare to BD (p<0.05). Lightness ($L^*$) showed no significant difference during storage day 1 and 5. VE 200 and MR 20 stabilized the redness ($a^*$) of chicken thigh as the value of day 1. Water holding capacity of chicken thigh from VE 20, RV 200, MR 20, and MR 200 on storage day 3 was higher than that of BD (p<0.05). In sensory evaluation, the panelist discriminated the tenderness and gave the higher score on the chicken from AB, VE20, RV 20, and MR 20 compare to BD (p<0.05). These results suggest that the dietary resveratrol and methoxylated resveratrol could be used as chicken meat quality enhancer in broiler industry.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2005

Numerous abandoned or closed mines are present in the steep mountain valleys in Korea due to the depression of the mining industry since the late 1980s. From the mines, enormous amounts of wastes were dumped on the slopes causing sedimentation and acid mine drainage to be discharged directly into streams causing detrimental effects on surrounding environment. Objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of the lime cake by-product from the soda ash production (Solvay process) to neutralize the pyrophyllite mine wastes, which have discharged the acid drainage to soil and stream in the watershed. The pH of mine wastes was strongly acidic at pH 3.67 containing over 16% of $Al_2O_3$ and 11% of $Fe_2O_3$. Whereas the lime cake by-product was strongly basic at pH 9.97 due to high contents of CaO, MgO and $CaCl_2$ as major components. Column experiments were conducted to test the neutralizing capacity of the lime cake by-product for the acidic pyrophyllite mine wastes. The column packed with the wastes (control) was treated with the lime cake by-product, calcium carbonate, the dressing soil or combination. The distilled water was eluted statically through the column and the leachate was collected for the chemical analyses. Treatments of the mine wastes with the lime cake by-product (or calcium carbonate) as mixtures increased pH of the leachate from $3.5{\sim}4.0\;to\;7{\sim}8$. Concentrations of Fe and Al in the leachate were also decreased below 1.0 mg $L^{-1}$. A Similar result was observed at the combined treatments of the mine waste, the lime by-product (or calcium carbonate) and the dressing soil. The results indicated that the lime cake by-product could sufficiently neutralize the acid drainage from the pyrophyllite mine wastes without dressing soils.