• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: For the safety of imported agricultural products, the study was conducted to develop the analytical method of unregistered pesticides in domestic. The analytical method of 6 pesticides, chlorthal-dimethyl, clomeprop, diflufenican, hexachlorobenzene, picolinafen, and propyzamide, for a fast multi-residue analysis were established for two different type crops, orange and brown rice by GC-ECD and confirmed by mass spectrometry. METHODS AND RESULTS: The analytical method was evaluated to limit of quantification, linearity and recoveries. The crop samples were extracted with acetonitrile and performed cleanup by liquid-liquid partition and Florisil SPE to remove co-extracted matrix. The extracted samples were analyzed by GC-ECD with good sensitivity and selectivity of the method. The limits of quantification (LOQ) range of the method with S/N ratio of 10 was 0.02~0.05 mg/kg for orange and brown rice. The linearity for targeted pesticides were $R^2$ >0.999 at the levels ranged from 0.05 to 10.0 mg/kg. The average recoveries ranged from 74.4% to 110.3% with the percentage of coefficient variation in the range 0.2~8.8% at two different spiking levels (0.02 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg) in brown rice. And the average recoveries ranged from 77.8% to 118.4% with the percentage of coefficient variation in the range 0.2~6.6% at two different spiking levels (0.02 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg) in orange. Final determination was by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected ion monitoring (GC/MS/SIM) to identify the targeted pesticides. CONCLUSION: As a result, this developed analytical method can be used as an official method for imported agricultural products.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.141-153
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find out how soft contact lens multi-purpose solution (MPS), often used for medical treatment, effects the inhibition on cell growth and research the result of using MPS, suspected to demage eye cells, on rabbit eye's corneal epithelium and endothelium tissue. In this treatise, $ReNu^{(R)}$ (Baush & Lomb, USA), Opti-free $express^{(R)}$ (Alcon, USA), Free-sol $plus^{(R)}$ (Hanamedicon, Korea) had been selected among the MPS. After culturing L929 roil line, cell growth inhibition rate was measured by MTT assay, and by making Hematoxylin and Eosin stain specimen. the morphology was observed by optical microscope. In the In vivo experiment,9 white rabbit eyes (18 eyes) were classified into 3 groups. The experimental group is left eyes (9 eyes) of rabbit, and MPS were dropped; however. the control group, the right eyes (9 eyes), were only used a saline solution without preservatives. After the dropping within the period, the cornea surface of rabbit eyes were stained by Rose bengal and observed. To figure out the changes of the corneal epithelium and endothelium tissue scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used. As the result, the rate of cell growth inhibition was 54%. 73% and 36%, respectively. Morphological changes represented that the shape has been changed into oval or round shape and those are not considered as a common formation of L929 cell line. When it comes to staining Rose bengal, each experiment group was stained red which is not shown in controls. The polygonal mosaic pattern of a corneal epithelium was disturbed in the picture taken by SEM; furthermore, the shape of the corneal endothelium was irregular. In conclusion, as we consider antimicrobial effect and the safety on living cells, it is necessary that we should improve concentration of preservatives and study continuously to develop a new preservatives without a toxic effect on the cornea surface.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2010

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were obtained by a polymerization reaction of epichlorohydrin (ECH) with bisphenol A (BPA) or bisphenol F (BPF). These compounds are commonly used as monomers or additives such as a polymerization stabilizer and a hydrochloric acid scavenger of epoxy resin, polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-containing organosols and polyester lacquers, that are applied to the internal surface of most canned foods to impart chemical resistance. The unreacted BADGE, BFDGE and their reaction products migrating from epoxy resin, PVC-containing organosol and/or polyester lacquer-based food packaging materials into the foods have recently become an issue of great concern because of increased customer demand for safety. This study was conducted to develop a rapid and sensitive simultaneous analysis method based on HPLC/FLD and HPLC/APCI-mass and to evaluate the concentration of BADGE, BFDGE and their metabolites, BADGE $H_2O$, BADGE $2H_2O$, BADGE HCl, BADGE 2HCl, BADGE HCl $H_2O$, BFDGE $H_2O$, BFDGE $2H_2O$, BFDGE HCl, BFDGE 2HCl and BFDGE HCl $H_2O$ for 133 canned food samples. The method provided a linearity of 0.9997-0.9999, a limit of detection of $0.01-0.13\;{\mu}g/mL$, a limit of quantitation of $0.03-0.44\;{\mu}g/mL$ and a recovery (%) of 85.64-118.18. The number of samples containing BADGE, BFDGE or their metabolites were: 28/133 (21.1%), with levels of 0.400-0.888 mg/kg being observed for aqueous foods (19/133) and 0.093-0.506 mg/kg being observed for oily foods (9/133).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.495-503
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• 2011

We evaluated the quality characteristics of fresh-cut produce (potato, sweet potato, carrot, radish, zucchini, cucumber, and green bell pepper) washed with sodium hypochlorite, which were vacuum packaged, and stored at 4 and 10$^{\circ}C$. The L-values of the fresh-cut potato and sweet potato decreased during storage. Lower PPO activities of potato and sweet potato were observed at 4$^{\circ}C$ than those at 10$^{\circ}C$ and development of potato and sweet potato browning was delayed at 4$^{\circ}C$. Total aerobic count and coliform increased continuously at 10$^{\circ}C$ during storage. Diced zucchini and shredded sweet potato had the greatest reduction in hardness among the fresh-cut produce during storage. Differences in the rate of quality change were observed according to the kinds and cut types of produce. Thus, a quality maintenance period for each type of fresh-cut produce must be determined, which will lead to the safe use of fresh cut produce in foodservice establishments.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2011

The agronomic characteristics, nutritional contents, and insect response of the potato clones transformed with a glufosinate ammonium resistance gene were evaluated. Among the 4 transgenic potato clones, the Bar 3 clone was selected as a promising one for commercialization. The Bar 3 clone showed similar tuber yield capacity but higher herbicide resistance as compared with the non-transgenic potato cv. Dejima. The herbicide resistance of the Bar 3 clone was more than 5 times higher when tested with the herbicide concentration recommended by the producer. The major agronomic characteristics of the Bar 3 clone were not different from those of the non-transgenic Dejima. The annual variation in yields and agronomic characteristics showed similar tendency for 2 years from the third to fourth generation after transformation. The tubers of the Bar 3 clone also showed low occurrence in common scab and physiological disorders such as cracking and secondary growth. But the reasons for such results are yet to be studied. Also, it was considered that the Bar 3 clone have a potential of reducing not only common scab occurrence but also soil erosion during potato cultivation in field. The nutritional contents (mineral compound, vitamin C and amino acid) and response to Spodoptera exigua of the transgenic potato clones were not significantly different.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.123-138
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• 1998

Characteristics of element responses of Panasonic UD802 personnel dosimeters in the X, ${\beta}$, ${\gamma}$, ${\gamma}/X$, ${\gamma}/{\beta}$ and ${\gamma}$/neutron mixed fields were assessed. A dose-response algorithm has been developed to decide the high probability of a radiation type and energy by using the distribution in all six ratios of the multi-element TLD. To calculate the 4-element response factors and ratios between the elements of the Panasonic TLDs in the X, $\beta$, and $\gamma$ radiation fields, Panasonic’s UD802 TLDs were irradiated with KINS’s reference irradiation facility. In the photon radiation field, this study confirms that element-3 (E3) and element-4 (E4) of the Panasonic TLDs show energy dependent both in low- and intermediate-energy range, while element-1 (E1) and element-2 (E2) show little energy dependency in the entire whole range. The algorithm, which was developed in this study, was applied to the Panasonic personnel dosimetry system with UD716AGL reader and UD802 TLDs. Performance tests of the algorithm developed was conducted according to the standards and criteria recommended in the ANSI N13.11. The sum of biases and standard deviations was less than 0.232. The values of biases and standard deviations are distributed within a triangle of a lateral value of 0.3 in the ordinate and abscissa, With the above algorithm, Panasonic TLDs satisfactorily perform optimum dose assessment even under an abnormal response of the TLD elements to the energy imparted. This algorithm can be applied to a more rigorous dose assessment by distinguishing an unexpected dose from the planned dose for the most practical purposes, and is useful in conducting an effective personnel dose control program.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.357-364
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• 2000

Background : Complicated exudative pleural fluid collections have traditionally been treated by either closed tube thoracostomy drainage or by open surgical drainage. Complete drainage is important in order to control pleural sepsis, restore pulmonary function, and entrapment. Recently intracavitary fibrinolytic therapy has been advocated as a method to facillitate drainage of complicated exudative pleural effusion and to allow enzymatic debridemant of the restrictive fibrinous sheets covering the pleural surface. The purpose of this study is to prospectively evaluate the effects of image-guided catheter drainage with high dose urokinase(UK) instillation in the treatment of complicated pleural effusions. Patients : Twenty complicated pleural effusion patients that poorly respond to image-guided drainage were allocated to receive UK. There were 8 pneumonia and 12 tuberculosis. Methods : Drugs were diluted in 250 mL normal saline and were infused intrapleurally through the chest tube or pig-tail catheter in a daily dose of 250,000 IU of UK. Response was assessed by clinical outcome, fluid drainage, chest radiography, pleural ultrasound and/or computed tomography. Results : The mean UK instillation time was $1.63{\pm}0.10$. The mean volume drained UK instillation was $381.3{\pm}314.4\;mL$, and post-UK was $321.6{\pm}489.5\;mL$. The follow up duration after UK therapy was mean $212.9{\pm}194.5$ days. We had successful results in 19 cases (95.0%). There were 12 pleural thickenings (60.0%), 2 markedly decreased effusions (10.0%) and 5 cases of no thickening or effusion. There was recurrence after treatment in only one patient(5%) with complicated pleural effusiondue to tuberculosis. Conclusions : Image-guided drainage with high dose UK instillation (250,000 U/day) in complicated pleural effusion is a safe and more effective method than closed thoracostomy drainage. And this management, in turn, can obviate surgery in most cases.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 1996

Polysulfone(PS) membranes were prepared from homogeneous PS solutions by the phase inversion technique. When propionic acid(PA) was added into a casting solution of n-methylpyrrolidone(NMP) and PS, precipitation rate of the solution film was accelerated. This kind of acceleration was consistent, even though a precipitating nonsolvent was changed from water to isopropanol. These phenomena were caused by decrease of nonsolvent tolerance in the casting solution due to addition of PA. PS powder was prepared by precipitation of a 3wt% solution in dimethylformamide(DMF) using ethanol as nonsolvent. Gas adsorption analysis of the powder showed that the capillary condensation sites were found in the powder structure. Membranes prepared from PS solution(15wt%) in NMP had the following characteristics of gas adsorption and water permeation. In gas adsorption analysis, the membrane precipitated using isopropanol showed low uptake of nitrogen gas and the capillary condensation sites were not found. On the contrary, a significant amount of the capillary condensation sites was found in the membrane coagulated by water, which was related to increase of nitrogen uptake. tn the membrane prepared froin the solution including PA, an increase of the Henry's law sites and the Langmuir sites was not found clearly. However, the capillary condensation sites were significantly increased, and the water transport also increased.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.385-391
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance and performance of sanitation management within childcare center foodservice facilities in Gyeongbuk province. The survey involved 248 people who participated in the food hygiene and safety education for childcare center managers in Gyeongbuk province from June to July 2010. A total of 236 survey papers were analyzed statistically by SPSS program. By the method, t-test and importance-performance analysis (IPA) was performed. Among the respondents, facility managers are 40s (41.9%) which accounted the most percentage, and for the type of facility, the largest amount was home (39.9%). The number of preschool children who are under 20 people accounted for 45.3% and food service staffs were accounted for 36.7%. No significant differences were observed for the four items on the IPA, except for the topics "the immediate deal with trash and leftover food" and "minimizing time (within 2 hours) for distribution after cooking" (p<0.001). The average score on the IPA was 4.14 points, and the average score for the importance of the evaluation was 4.49 points out of 5. Finally, childcare facility managers are aware of the importance that is lower than can be done. The results suggest that continuing education is necessary to administrators to manage the health care facility effectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.828-833
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• 2003

Background: It has been reported that the recently developed intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia (IAWBC) has better myocardial protective effects during coronary artery bypass surgery than cold blood cardioplegia or continuos retrograde cold blood cardioplegia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and usefulness of IAWBC by comparing it retrospectively with intermittent retrograde cold blood cardioplegia (lRCBC). Material and Method: From April 2001 to Feb. 2003, fifty seven patients who underwent isolated coronary surgery were divided into two groups (IAWBC vs. IRCBC). The two group had similar demographic and angiographic characteristics. There were no statistical differences in age, sex, Canadian Cardiovascular Society Functional Classification for angina, ejection fraction, and number of grafts. Result: Aortic cross clamping time and total pump time in IAWBC (99$\pm$23 and vs. 126$\pm$32 min) were shorter than those of IRCBC (118$\pm$32 min. and 185$\pm$48 min.)(p<0.05). The reperfusion time (13$\pm$7 min) in IAWBC was shorter than that of IRCBC (62$\pm$109 min.)(p<0.05). CKMB at 12 hours and 24 hours (16$\pm$15 and 9$\pm$13) in IAWBC was lower than that of IRCBC (33$\pm$47 and 17$\pm$26)(p<0.05). The awakening time in IAWBC (2$\pm$1 hour) was shorter than that of IRCBC (4$\pm$3)(p<0.05). The number of spontaneous heart beat recovery in IAWBC (85%) was more than that of IRCBC (35%)(p<0.05). The cardiac index after discontinuing cardio-pulmonary bypass was significantly elevated in the IAWBC group. The prevalence of perioperative myocardial infarction in IAWBC (4%) was lower than that of IRCBC group (20%)(p<0.05). Conclusion: Intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia is a safe, reliable, and effective technique for myocardial protection. It can also provide simpler and economic way than the retrograde cold cardioplegia by shortening of cardiopulmonary bypass time and avoiding retrograde cannulation for coronary sinus.