• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.26 no.12 s.235
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• pp.1091-1095
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• 1988

안면의 미에 대한 연구는 최근에 이르기 까지 화가,조각가,철학가들의 영역이었다고 볼수 있다. 이에 대한 판정으느 주관적이었으며 관찰자의 눈에 의해 정의되었다. 그러나 임상적으로 안모형태를 변화시킬 수 있는 능력을 가지게 됨에 따라 보다 객관적인 미적 기준이 필요하게 되었다. 안면구조의 크기 형태와 내적관계에 대한 표준이 환자가 평균적으로 얼마나 벗어나고 어느정도로 임상적 중재를 해야 하는지 정하는데 필요했다. 정상적인 안모구조가 상실된 상황에서는 구조전 크기와 안모구조들의 정확한 위치에 대한 지식을 요구했다. 본 란에서는 심미적 안모를 양적으로 측정하는 일반기준과 교정학적 안모형태를 계측하는 방법을 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2006

Recent studies have shown that there are significant increasing facial asymmetry using 3-dimensional imaging. This study use panorama view and PA cephalograph that were low in price and make good use in dentistry. For this study, 35 persons without remarkable malocclusion were selected, they had panorama view and PA cephalograph, make written questionnaire about facial asymmetry cognition and masticatory pattern. Data obtained were statistically processed by the SPSS Windows program and the results of this study were as follows: 1. There were significant difference between Rt and Lt. on Co-Go, Co-Ag, Co-Go-Ag, Go-Me- Ag. 2. In panorama view, There were significant difference between Rt. and Lt Co-Ag that chewing right side, Rt. and Lt. Co-Go that chewing left side, 3. In PA cephalograph view, There were significant difference in Rt. and Lt. Cg-Go, Rt. and Lt. Co-Ag that chewing right side, Rt. and Lt. Cg-Go that chewing left side 4. There were significant difference in Rt. and Lt. Co-Go, CO-si-CR, go-ME-Ag that cogniting facial asymmetry.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.2 s.85
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• pp.187-197
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• 2001

The change of the vertical dimension is of fundamental importance to the orthodontist. However, the choice between the two methods of treatment, extraction versus nonextraction, is not clear. It is not verified that the extraction method decreases vertical dimension, or nonextraction methods result in an increase in vertical dimension. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of vertical dimension of face after the orthodontic treatment with standard edgewise technique, and to compare them in relation to facial types and bicuspid extraction. The subjects consisted of 165 orthodontic patients (77 of adolescents, 88 of adults), and was divided into vertical nonextraction (VN) group, vertical extraction (VE) group, horizontal nonextraction (HN) group, horizontal extraction (HE) group. Pre-and Post-treatment cephalograms were taken with standard method, traced, and digitized for each subject. The comparison of the measurements were statistically executed with Student's t-test. The results were as follows : 1. The facial height and molar height were increased after orthodontic treatment in the all groups. 2. No significant difference was found in the facial height change between the vertical and horizontal groups. 3. No significant difference was found in the facial height change between the extraction and nonextraction groups. 4. As the upper molars were extruded in adolescents group and lower molars were extruded in adults group, lower anterior facial height (LAFH) was increased. 5. None of the pretreatment variables correlates to the change of lower anterior facial height (LAFH).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.5 s.100
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• pp.391-398
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• 2003

Distraction osteogenesis is a well-estabilished procedure of membraneous bone formation and has been used to correct craniofacial deformities in dentofacial orthopedic-surgery area for decades. In this articale, distraction osteogenesis is used for treatment of facial asymmetry. The patient underwent procedures to lengthen the mandibular ramus and body. After distraction, orthodontic treatment was done for ooclusal settling.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2008

Modern dental reconstructions do not only aim at restoring the patient's mastication, but rather at improving general well-being and quality of life, especially in terms of esthetics. The media, the internet, advertising, and many other facts of society contribute to an increased cosmetic awareness. A 35-year-old male patient presented with as follows: 1) the porcelain fracture of ceramo-metal restoration on #11 and #23, 2) the inclination of incisal plane to horizontal reference plane, 3) the dental midline deviation to facial midline, and 4) the lack of symmetry on upper anterior dentition. The patient requested an aesthetic improvement using fixed prosthodontics including implant-supported restorations. In the upper anterior region, one of the goals of the conventional as well as implant prosthesis is to achieve restorations with the dental attractiveness and beauty in the respect of dental, dentofacial, and facial compositions. This case report presents geometrically improvement of dental esthetics using conventional and implant prosthesis with soft and hard tissue augmentation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2022

Patients who miss teeth partially or fully show many changes which make them lose function and esthetics.From the esthetic point of view, loosing teeth makes lower face unharmonized. There are various changes of lower and whole face according as how much change oral cavity is. Restoring the multiple teeth missing properly can make patient's face harmonized. Especially full mouth implant restorations can cause drastic occlusal change affecting masticatory muscles. Because all the muscles are connected closely, the masticatory muscles which is part of lower facial muscles can cause whole muscle change. In full mouth implant restoration case, I will show the whole face muscle change harmonized by meticulous occlusal treatment process. Full mouth restorations installed in right way show whole face muscle changes extending to head and neck muscles.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 2012

There still remains a controversial debate whether facial skeletal morphological differences exist between patients with nasal and mouth breathing habits. The aim of this study is to assess a relationship between over a period of time mouth breathing and facial skeletal morphology by analyzing lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients with nasal or mouth breathing habits. A total of 120 patients with skeletal class I, II, and III, who had undergone orthodontic diagnosis in department of pediatric dentistry - chonbuk national university, were chosen and their lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed. These patients were divided into six groups of 20, each with or without mouth breathing habits. The result of this study has not showed noticeable differences in cephalometric measurements between nasal and mouth breathing children of skeletal class I, II, and III (p > 0.05). However, when the groups were divided by age factor, mouth breathers of age 12 and older showed significant differences in cephalometrics such as decreased ramus height, maxillary retrusion, and clockwise pattern of mandible than children under age 12 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a longer period of mouth-breathing habits in children displayed a greater chance of impaired facial growth.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.4 s.63
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• pp.643-659
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• 1997

For the total treatment of skeletal malocclusions, 3-dimensional evaluation and diagnosis are essential. Although anteroposterior discrepancies can be evaluated through various methods, the satisfactory methods for evaluations of facial asymmetry and transverse discrepancies are yet to be found. The adequate diagnosis and treatment of transverse discrepancies may be more important in the maintenance of functional occlusion as well as for the stability of results obtained from orthognathic surgery than the anteroposterior or vertical discrepancies. Since the soft tissue effects from the transverse discrepancies may not be pronounced, especially when combined with anteroposterior or vertical discrepancies which have prominent characteristics, the differentiation of their effects may be difficult from visual inspection alone. Therefore it is essential that the normal facial proportions would be established from the posteroanterior cephalometry as a reference for the accurate diagnosis and treatment. The present study evaluates 76 subjects from Yonsei University freshmen with normal facial symmetry and occlusion. Posteroanterior cephalograms were taken from the subjects and the normal values and facial proportions are obtained. The results are as follows. 1. The transverse and vortical values from posteroanterior cephalometry and their ratio, with means and standard deviations are calculated. 2. The ratio of vertical values to transverse values is 0.837 (male 0.836, female 0.841). 3. The Proportion of maxillary and mandibular widths is 0.747 (male 0.745, female 0.752), with statistically significant correlation. 4. Various degree of significant correlations are observed in the following craniofacial widths; (Cranial width, Bizygomaticofrontal suture width, Facial width, Maxillary width, Upper & Lower Intermolar width, Mandibular width). 5. Although the facial height as well as other line measurements increase as the facial widths increase, angle measurement ($Bj\ddot{o}rk$ Sum, Mandibular Plane Angle, Gonial Angle), decreases and posterior to anterior facial height ratio increases, therefore indicating the tendency for a brachycephalic facial type. These results may be used as references for the treatment planning in orthognathic and orthodontic treatments for the dentofacial deformity patients.

• 대한치과교정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.86.2-86.2
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• 2002

• 대한치과교정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.27.1-27.1
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• 2002