• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2006

Objectives : We investigated the association of SNP A and P1763 polymorphisms on dystrobrevin binding protein 1(DTNBP1) gene with smooth pursuit eye movement(SPEM) abnormality in Korean schizophrenic patients. Methods : We measured SPEM function in 217 Korean schizophrenics(male 116, female 101) and divided them into two groups, one is a good SPEM function group and the other is a poor SPEM function group. We then analyzed SNP A polymorphism and P1763 polymorphism on DTNBP1 gene from their DNAs extracted from their blood. We compared the differences of genotype and allele distributions of the two polymorphisms on DTNBP1 gene between the two groups. Results : The Ln S/N ratio(mean${\pm}$SD) of the good SPEM function group was $4.39{\pm}0.33$ and the ratio of poor SPEM function group was $3.17{\pm}0.71$. There were no statistically significant differences of age and male/female ratio between the two groups. There were no significant differences of genotype or allele distributions of the SNP A polymorphism and P1763 polymorphism on DTNBP1 gene between the two schizophrenic groups divided by SPEM function. Conclusion : The results suggest that SNP A polymorphism and P1763 polymorphism on DTNBP1 gene might not be related to SPEM function abnormality in schizophrenia.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.49-59
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• 2004

An eye-tracking experiment was conducted to examine resolving processes of grammatical marking ambiguities of Korean. and to evaluate predictions from the garden-path model and the constraint-based models on the processing of Korean morphological information. The complex NP clause structure that can be parsed according to the minimal attachment principle was compared to the embedded relative clause structures that have one of the nominative marker (-ka), the delimiter (-man, which roughly corresponds to the English word 'only'), or the topic marker (-nun) on the first NPs. The results clearly showed that Korean marking ambiguities are resolved by the minimal attachment principle, and the topic marker affects reparsing procedures. The pattern of eye fixation times was more compatible with the garden-path model, and was not consistent with the predictions of the constraint-based accounts. Suggestions for further studies were made.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.145-148
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 3차원 스테레오 영상에서의 시각적 피로도와 안구의 운동량과의 상관관계를 도출하고 시각적 피로도 측정 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 측정 방법은 3차원 스테레오 영상 시청자의 피로도가 누적되었을 때, 안구의 단속성 운동(saccade)이 감소할 것이라는 가정에 기반을 둔다. 액티브 셔터글라스 방식의 3D 안경을 착용한 시청자의 동공을 검출하고 추적하기 위해 적외선 광원 및 적외선 카메라를 이용한다. 획득한 영상에 대해 이진 임계화를 적용하고 타원 피팅을 수행하여 동공의 위치를 검출한다. 피팅된 타원의 이심률과 크기 및 위치를 제한하여 검출 오류를 줄인다. 검출된 동공의 위치를 바탕으로 안구의 단속성 운동량을 측정한다. 실험에는 변이 정도가 크지 않아 편안하게 시청 가능한 스테레오 영상과 과도한 변이를 가져 시청하는데 불편한 영상이 분리되어 사용되었다. 이들 영상에 대해 각각 실험자의 단속성 운동량을 측정하였다. 실험 결과에서 안구의 단속성 운동량이 변이가 큰 영상에서 그렇지 않은 영상에 비해 감소하는 경향이 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.793-803
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• 2013

This study was performed to determine the usefulness of scanpath similarity analysis as one of new web usability testing. The 5 websites of public institutions were used and 15 students participated. First of all, eye movements were tracked and visual appeal ratings were measured as participants freely viewed each website for 3 seconds. Subsequently in continuously tracking the eye movements we asked the participants to perform 17 missions. Finally, in interview the participants rated on satisfaction, awareness, and mission difficulty. Results of this study showed that scanpath similarity had a significant relationship with both the visual appeal ratings(first impression) and the satisfaction. In other words, higher the visual appeal ratings were related to higher scanpath similarity. This result showed that measurement such as scanpath similarity of eye movements could become an objective index for usability testing instead of subjective evaluation such as the satisfaction. We discussed possibility that the usability testing by using the scanpath similarity with both fixation and duration on eye movements will find more appropriately inference on observers' experiences in websites.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

This paper describes the experiments of gaze tracking utilizing a low-cost electrooculogram measuring device. The goal of the experiments is to verify whether the low-cost device can be used for a complicated human-computer interaction tool, such as the eye-writing. Two experiments are conducted for this goal: a simple gaze tracking of four directional eye-movements, and eye-writing-which is to draw letters or shapes in a virtual space. Eye-written alphabets were obtained by two PSL-iEOGs and an Arduino Uno; they were classified by dynamic positional warping after preprocessed by a wavelet function. The results show that the expected recognition accuracy of the four-directional recognition is close to 90% when noises are controlled, and the similar median accuracy (90.00%) was achieved for the eye-writing when the number of writing patterns are limited to five. In future works, additional algorithms for stabilizing the signal need to be developed.

• (The) Korean Journal of Advertising
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.29-53
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• 2018

In our study, we investigated the effects of position of endorser and endorser's gaze direction(direct/averted_image/averted_text) on advertising attitude, purchase intent and brand recognition using eye-tracking method. Focusing on the printed cosmetic ads which the role of endorser is important and indirect persuade route is relatively is emphasized, we conducted experiment on 36 participants in 20s. As prior studies, our results shows that participants paid attention to more and faster on specific element which the endorser is gazing at. But it was not reflected to ad attitude and purchase intent directly. When the endorser is positioned in left the side, the highest purchase intent was shown in direct gaze condition, while when the endorser is on the right side, the highest ad attitude was shown in gazing image condition. Additionally, the brand recognition task following eye-tracking experiment shows that recognition accuracy was higher only in condition which the endorser is in the left side looking at the product image. These results demonstrated that the gaze direction of endorser plays a role as attentional guidance, which means it can lead customer's attention to particular region in the printed ad, but the effect can be varied depending on the position of endorser and which type of information the endorser is gazing at. Therefore, ultimately, to increase customer's ad attitude and purchase intent, complex consideration of not only the gazing direction of the endorser, but the position of endorser and other diverse elements is necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.484-492
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• 1999

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of $^{99m}Tc$-MDP bone scintigraphy for assessing vascular ingrowth into the ocular implants after enucleation or evisceration. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients (M:F=7:17, mean age: 36 years), who buried a coralline hydroxyapatite after uncomplicated enucleation or evisceration surgery were studied. Dynamic and static scintigraphy on the orbit fossa were obtained after injection of 740 MBq $^{99m}Tc$-MDP to evaluate the status of vascularization. The study was performed from the 3 to 33 weeks after surgery. According to the visual analysis, activity greater than nasal bridge was graded as 4, equal to the nasal bridge as 3, less than nasal bridge but greater than normal orbit as 2, greater than normal orbit but less than grade 2 as 1. Uptake ratio was also calculated by measuring the implants activity (H) and contralateral orbit activity (N). Grading score and uptake ratio were compared with clinical outcome of vascularization. Additionally, we also analyzed the vascularization status as time lapse between primary surgery and scintigraphic study and surgical methods. Results: Twenty-one patients who had bone scintigraphy at 11 weeks after surgery showed increased uptake above grade 2 and greater H/N ratio than 1.16. Of these, 19 patients who had drilling surgery for permanent peg application showed adequate bleeding during the procedure. The activity grade and uptake ratio were inversely correlated with vascular ingrowth. Higher than grade 2 or greater than 1.56 in H/N ratio seemed to be an indicator for better prognosis. Accomplishment of vascularization was not affected by the surgical way such as enucleation or evisceration. Conclusion: $^{99m}Tc$-MDP bone scintigraphy can be a useful method to evaluate the vascularized status of implants. Adequate time for $^{99m}Tc$-MDP bone scintigraphy may be 11-20 weeks after enucleation or evisceration.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to look at a systematic review on the relationships of saccadic eye movements and cognition. Through this comprehensive study, we have to compare the studies. Methods: We systematically examined papers published in journal from 1995 to 2015, using KERIS. Main words to examine are saccadic eye movements, cognitive function, cognition, relationship, saccade program, etc. Results: 6 studies were selected, All of them were saccadic eye movements. Eye movements and cognitive function have correlation. Age from 5 to 65 years from the studies, they found the relationships between cognition and saccade(p<.05). However, the results demonstrated some limitations. First, there were variation in large of age spectrum. Second, the populations were small. Therefore, in the future study, saccadic eye movements study apply to variety of interventions to separate experimental group and control group as cohort study, and majority of patients is needed on occupational therapy. Conclusions: In the future study, the use of eye movements apply to a variety of interventions and majority of patients is needed for the effect of cognitive function improvements. If occupational therapists can obtain knowledge and make a protocol for cognitive program.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.383-393
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• 2015

This study analyzed the 6th grade elementary science textbook 'Science stories' reading process of students by utilizing eye movement tracking techniques. Participants read 3 articles in the new experimental science textbooks and solved 9 problems about each article. By understanding and academic achievement results, participants were divided into high-groups, middle-groups, and low-groups. The results of eye movement characteristics of the high-groups and low-groups had the following differences. Number of fixations and number of regressions were higher in high-groups. Average fixation duration and average regressive fixation duration were longer in low-groups. Fixation time for the key sentence of the article was longer in high-groups. Analysis of a scan path and post-interview, high-groups had frequent regression between sentences and they knew where the core of the article is and paid much attention there. In contrast low-groups are sequentially read most articles and some of them had a leap of abnormal range. Problem-solving approach is also different between groups. In conclusion reading style is associated with the science stories comprehension and students who had more regressions, much core search process, effective attention distribution, high concentration showed better understanding results. Also words or sentences used in textbooks are associated with science stories comprehension.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.357-363
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• 2024

As AR display virtual technology enters public learning life extensively, the way in which reality and virtual connection are connected is also changing. The purpose of this paper is to study the expression between the 3D connection sensory information visualization experience and virtual reality enhancement through the visual direction sensory information visualization experience of the plane. It is analyzed by examining the basic setting method compared to the current application of AR display and flat visualization cases. The scope of this paper is to enable users to have a better experience through the relationship with sensory visualization, centering on eye tracking technology in the four categories of AR display connection design: gesture connection, eye tracking, voice connection, and sensor. Focusing on eye tracking technology through AR display interaction and current application and comparative analysis of flat visualization cases, the geometric consistency of visual figures, light and color consistency, combination of multi-sensory interaction methods, rational content display, and smart push presented sensory visualization in virtual reality more realistically and conveniently, providing a simple and convenient sensory visualization experience to the audience.