• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.391-398
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• 2013

Botulinum toxin has been used for treating strabismus, blepharospasm, cerebral palsy, cervical dystonia, hyperhydrosis, facial wrinkle and chronic migraine under US Food and Drug administration approval. Also it has been tried spasticity-induced pain, post-herpetic neuralgia, myofascial pain and aphthous ulcer as off-label use. In this study, we reviewed recent studies that suggested effects of botulinum toxin on snoring and sleep apnea.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 1992

The eyelids perform many complex functions and are esthetically important, since eye is focal point of face. Tumor extirpation or trauma can lead to full-thickness eyelid defect, which Should be reconstructed as soon as possible There are a number of operation methods for lower lid reconstruction, and among them, Hughes procedure is a time-honored method. Its advantages are good cosmetic result and conjunctival repair by using eyelid structures to rebuild eyelid structures. However, this is a two-staged procedure in which the vision of the affected eye is obstructed during the interval between the operations. We experienced a case of trauma-induced full-thickness lower lid defect extending over one-third of lid length treated by Hughes method. The cosmetic and functional result was good and there was no donor site morbidity, and now we report this case with review of literatures.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.543-546
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• 2011

Purpose: LASIK, one of the currently popular ophthalmic procedures, can sometimes result in dry eye symptoms. In the patient who had underwent LASIK operation, the periorbital surgery may be more likely to lead to such a complication as dry eye symptom. We would like to report a case of corneal abrasion occurred after transconjunctival blepharoplasty in post-LASIK state and suggest the method about preventing the complication. Methods: A 30-year-old female patient underwent transconjunctival blepharoplasty and microfat graft into the face. She had history of LASIK operation 2 years ago. Corneal protector was applied to both eye during transconjunctival operation. After the surgery, she complained of visual blurring at left side. Ophthalmic examination revealed corneal abrasion of left eye. Results: Cornea protecting lens was applied to left eye for 2 weeks. Steroid and antibiotic eye drops were applied for relieving the symptoms and the prevention from progressing of complication. After 1 week, visual power and acuity was recovered to preoperative state. No other specific complications happened. Conclusion: Post-LASIK patient may have possibility of decreased corneal sensation and tear production. Preoperative ophthalmic examination is recommended for the prevention of complication. When corneal protector is applied, we suggest Optagel$^{(R)}$ as a useful lubricant.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.461-464
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• 2010

Purpose: Blepharoptosis can result from either congenital or acquired causes. Blow out fracture or facial bone fracture including blow out fracture can be one of the causes. Authors experienced 3 cases of severe blepharoptosis after blow out fracture treated only with observation after reduction of associated fracture. Methods: Reconstruction of orbital wall was conducted on all cases diagnosed as blow out fracture using 3 dimensional computed tomography, and conservative treatment was done on accompanying severe blepharoptosis. Results: At the time of injury, all cases showed severe blepharoptosis requiring frontalis muscle transfer for correction. But blepharoptosis was recovered in an average of 18 weeks without any surgical procedure except reconstruction of orbital wall. Conclusion: Once Blepharoptosis occurred after blow out fracture, thorough evaluation must be done at first. If definitive cause of blepahroptisis cannot be found as authors' cases, injury of oculomotor nerve may result in blepharoptosis. So, as for blepharoptosis after blow out fracture, conservative treatment following reconstruction of fractured orbital wall can be one of good management.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.499-505
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• 2019

Oculomotor nerve palsy causes ptosis, limitation of eye movement, diplopia, and facial pain. Despite imaging investigation, the cause of the palsy cannot be established in most cases. We treated a patient with idiopathic oculomotor nerve palsy with acupuncture, electroacupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and Korean medical physical therapy. In this case, the symptoms remarkably improved after 28 days of treatment. This case report suggests that traditional Korean medicine is effective in treating ptosis and limitation of eye movement diagnosed as idiopathic oculomotor nerve palsy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.136-150
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze and understand the trend of Korean medical treatment on ptosis. Methods : From the domestic databases KCI, KISS, OASIS, KTKP, 16 studies were selected using the keyword 'ptosis', published after 2000. Results : Selected 16 studies contain 19 cases in which mainly acupuncture and herbal medicine were practiced to treat ptosis. Treatment period varies from 12 to 134 days. When Korean medical treatment was started before 10 days from the onset, average of treatment period is about 28.6 days, but after 40 days, it increases three times longer. It takes 1.5 times longer to treat ptosis caused from central nerve than which from peripheral nerve. Conclusion : According to the results, Korean medicine can be effective treatment for ptosis which mostly depends on surgical treatment currently. tments of purpura and vasculitis up to date and some points that may have clinical significance.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2002

Purpose : This study evaluated the treatment outcomes, patterns of failure, and treatment related complications of primary lymphoma patients who received definitive radiation therapy. Materials and Methods : A retrospective analysis was undertaken for 31 patients with primary orbital lymphoma at the Asan Medical Center between February 1991 and April 2001. There were 18 males and 13 females with ages ranging from 3 to 73 years (median, 44 years). The involved sites were 9 conjunctivae, 12 eyelids and 10 other orbits. The histological types were 28 MALT lymphomas (low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type), 1 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 1 anaplastic large cell lymphoma and 1 lymphoblastic lymphoma. The Ann Arbor stages were all IE $(100\%)$. Ann Arbor stage III or IV patients were excluded from this study, Bilateral orbital involvement occurred in 6 cases. Radiation therapy was given with one anterior port of high energy electrons $(6\~16\;MeV)$ for the lesions located at the anterior structures like the conjunctivae or eyelids. Lesions with a posterior extension or other orbital lesions were treated with 4 or 6 MeV photons with appropriately arranged portals. In particular, lens blocks composed of lead alloy were used in conjunctival or eyelid lesions. Twelve patients received chemotherapy. The median follow-up period was 53 months. Results : The 5-year overall, cause-specific, and disease-free survival was $91\%,\;96\%,\;and\;80\%$, respectively. The complete response rate 6 months after radiation therapy was $100\%$. Local recurrences were observed in 2 patients at 16 and 18 months after completion of radiation treatment. They were salvaged with additional radiation therapy. Two patients developed distant metastases. A MALT lymphoma patient with a lung relapse was successfully salvaged with radiotherapy, but the other lymphoblastic lymphoma patient with bone marrow relapse expired. There were no severe complications but 5 patients developed radiation-induced cataracts and 2 patients developed dry eye. Conclusion : Most primary orbital lymphomas consisted of MALT lymphomas. Radiation therapy was a successful treatment modality for orbital lymphoma without any severe complications. In cases of local relapses, radiation therapy is also a very successful salvage treatment modality.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.21-25
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• 2020

Sebaceous carcinoma is a relatively rare and aggressive malignant tumor. Periocular area (especially eyelid) is the most common lesion to occur, and the most common extraocular lesion is the parotid gland. Because the lesion also mimic other benign inflammatory diseases, this leads to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Here, we report a 58-year-old male patient who presented with a non-tender painless left parotid mass after wide excision of sebaceous carcinoma in the left eyelid two years ago. When he was diagnosed with sebaceous carcinoma of left eyelid, there was a small left parotid tumor on the computed tomography. But no further examination and treatment were performed. Two years later, physical examination revealed growing parotid tumor and multiple neck nodes on the left side. After radical parotidectomy and neck dissection, histological examination showed a sebaceous carcinoma and neck node metastasis. Considering the aggressiveness of sebaceous carcinoma, further evaluation for parotid glands should be considered when sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid was discovered. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy was performed for disease control. Follow up after two years, and computed tomography showed no sign of recurrence.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.99-103
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• 1994

Various extraoral and intraoral approaches to reduction and fixation of zygomatic complex fractures were used. The method for exposure of inferior orbital area include the subciliary, inferior eyelid, infraorbital rim and conjunctions incisions. For exposure of frontozygomatic suture, lateral brow, coronal and b'ephaloplasty incisions were used. It is necessary that the usual approaches to the inferior and lateral orbit have two incisions. However, lateral canthotomy-conjunctival approach presented on this paper provide optimal exposure to lateral and inferior orbit.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2017

Objective: We describe the case of an 84-year-old man with a midbrain infarction causing pupil sparing oculomotor nerve palsy, with ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia diagnosed as Claude's syndrome. Methods: The patient was treated with Korean medicine, including herbal medicine, acupuncture, and electro-acupuncture, during 45 days of hospitalization. Improvements in the patient's symptoms and changes in ptosis were evaluated using the Korean version of the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Results: After 45 days of treatment with the Korean medicine, the patient's symptoms, including ataxia and ptosis, improved. Conclusions: This study suggests that the treatment with Korean medicine was effective in aiding the patient's recovery.