• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.236-243
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• 2009

Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) has supplied the metal ions to users by using an installed metal ion implanter of 120 keV. At present a feasibility study is being performed for a cobalt ion implantation. For a cobalt ion extraction we studied to sustain the high temperature($648^{\circ}C$) for metal ions vaporization from a cobalt chloride powder by using an alumina crucible in the ion source. The temperature condition of the crucible was satisfied with the plasma generation at the arc current of 120V and EHC power of 250W. The extracted beam current of $Co^+$ ions was dependent on the arc current in the plasma. The maximum beam current was $100{\mu}A$ at 0.18A of the arc current. The 3 peak currents of the extracted ions such as $Co^+$, $CoCl^+$ and $Cl^+$ were obtained by adjusting a mass analyzing magnet and the $Co^+$ ion beam peak current fraction as around 70% in the sum of the peak currents. The fluence of the implanted cobalt ions at the $10{\mu}A$ of the beam current and 90 minutes of the implantation time into an aluminum sample as measured around $1.74{\times}10^{17}#/cm^2$ by a quantitative analysis method of RBS (Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2006

Time-resolved current and voltage measurements for an inductive automotive spark system were made. Also presented are measurements of the total energy delivered to the spark gap. The measurements were made in air for a range of pressures from 1-18atm, at ambient temperatures. The measured voltage and current characteristics were found to be a function of many ignition parameters; some of these include: spark gap distance, internal resistance of the spark plug and high tension wire, and pressure. The voltages presented were measured either at the top of the spark plug or at the spark gap. The measurements were made at different time resolutions to more accurately resolve the voltage and current behavior throughout the discharge process. This was necessary because the breakdown event occurs on a time scale much shorter than the arc and glow phases. The breakdown, are, and glow voltages were found to be functions of spark plug resistance, gas density, and spark plug gap as expected from the literature. Spark duration was found to decrease as either pressure or gap was increased. The transition from the arc to glow phase is usually distinguished by a sudden rise in the voltage across the gap. At pressures above about 7atm this transition was not observed suggesting that a glow phase was not present. Energy delivered to the gap increased with increasing pressure. The effective resistance of the spark gap during discharge was about twice as large for the glow phase as the arc phase.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.273-273
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• 2010

고열부하 환경에 노출되는 핵융합로의 플라즈마 대향부품은 주로 낮은 원자번호 물질-열전도가 좋은 물질-구조체의 순으로 다층 구조를 이루고 있으며, 이들 간의 우수한 접합성은 부품의 성능을 좌우하는 핵심 요소이다. 이러한 플라즈마 대향부품의 건전성을 평가하기 위해서는 고열속의 열부하를 반복적으로 인가하는 시험이 요구되며, 이를 위해 본 연구원에서는 KoHLT-1, 2의 시험시설을 운용하고 있다. 본 시설에서는 열부하원으로서 그라파이터 히터를 사용하며, 히터는 두 개의 시험 대상부품 사이에 설치되고, 히터에 고전류를 인가하여 복사열에 의해 시험 부품에 열부하를 가하게 된다. 고열부하 환경에서 열피로 시험을 위해 히터에 인가되는 전류를 시간에 따라 일정한 패턴으로 반복적으로 ON-OFF 하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 고열부하시험을 수행함에 있어 고려해야 할 여러 가지 요소에 대해 논의하였다. 우선 인가하는 열유속(heat flux) 값은 일차적으로 시험시설의 최대 출력에 의해 좌우되며, 시험대상물의 운전조건 및 열부하 반복횟수에 의해 결정된다. 열부하 반복횟수는 주어진 열유속 값에 대해 total strain이 파단에 이르는 수준에 의해 결정된다. 열부하를 인가하는 시간은 히터에 전류를 인가했을 때 요구되는 온도로 상승하는 데 걸리는 시간과 시험대상물의 온도가 더 이상 증가하지 않는데 걸리는 시간에 의해 좌우된다. 냉각시간은 길수록 시험대상물의 온도가 냉각수의 온도에 접근하게 되나 너무 길어지면 시험시간이 급격히 증가하게 되므로, 온도 감소 곡선을 검토하여 적절한 시간을 정하게 된다. 열유속 측정은 냉각수의 온도 상승값과 유량으로부터 계산하게 되며, 정확한 측정을 위해서는 열부하를 인가하는 시간이 충분히 길어야 한다. 또한 시험대상 부품에서 열부하가 인가되는 면적을 정확히 정의해야 하며, 냉각관로에 열부하가 인가되어서는 않된다. 또한 시험대상부품을 지지하는 지지구조체를 통한 열손실을 최소화해야 정확한 열유속을 측정할 수 있다. 시험대상부품을 설치할 때 히터와의 간격 또한 결정해야 할 중요한 요소이며, 간격이 좁을수록 최대 열유속 값을 증가시킬 수 있으나, 너무 가까운 경우 히터의 열변형에 의한 접촉 및 아크 방전의 가능성이 있으며, 이 경우 히터와 시험대상부품의 손상을 가져오게 된다. 시험대상물이 국제열핵융합로(ITER)의 일차벽과 같이 베릴륨이 포함되어 있는 경우 방전에 의한 손상은 인체에 유해한 오염의 원인이 될 수 있다. 또한 순간적인 방전은 고가의 고전류전원의 고장을 유발할 수도 있다. 열부하 시험 중 시험대상물의 온도를 정확히 측정하는 것은 필수적이며, 온도 변화 곡선으로부터 시험대상물의 건전성 여부를 판단할 수 있다. 이를 위해 변화를 가장 잘 탐지 할 수 있는 위치에 온도 센서를 설치하는 것이 관건이며, 이는 사전 분석을 통해 알 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.652-658
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• 2006

This paper deals with an electronic ballast for hish intensity short-arc discharge lamps, which consists of a boost converter, a step down converter operated as a current source with power regulation and a low frequency inverter with external ignition circuit The ignition circuit generates high voltage pulses of 130[Hz] up to 5 [kV]. A reignition circuit is equipped in the ballast, and it operates the lamp at a regular interval for protection when an ignition fails. Acoustic resonance phenomenon was eliminated by operating a low frequency square wave voltage and current. The measured lamp voltage, current and consumption power were 123.8 [V], 8.1 [A] and 1,002 [W], respectively. From the experiment, we confirmed that the prototype ballast operates the lamp with a constant power.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.380-386
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• 2006

In this study, we had designed and fabricated the plasma focus device which can generate the light source for EUV(Extreme Ultra Violet) lithography. And we also have investigated the basic electrical characteristics of currents, voltages, resistance and inductance of this system. Voltage and current signals were measured by C-dot and B-dot probe, respectively. We applied various voltages of 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 kV to the anode electrode and observed voltages and current signals in accordance with various Ar pressures of 1 mTorr to 100 Torr in diode chamber. It is observed that the peak values of voltage and current signals were measured at 300 mTorr, where the inductance and impedance were also estimated to be 73 nH and $35 m{\Omega}$ respectively. The electron temperature has been shown to be 13000 K at the diode voltage of 2.5 kV and this gas pressure of 300 mTorr. It is also found that the ion density Ni and ionization rate 0 have been shown to be $N_i = 8.25{\times}10^{15}/cc$ and ${\delta}$= 77.8%, respectively by optical emission spectroscopy from assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium(LTE) plasma.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.10-18
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• 2008

This paper presents the design and imelementation of an electronic ballast with a passive PFC structure from which acoustic resonance of the metal halide lamp was removed by introducing the frequency modulation(FM) method. The proposed ballast consists of an EMI filter, passive PFC circuit full-bridge inverter, LC resonance type igniter and a circuit for removing acoustic resonance. The FM method solved two problems associated with single frequency driving: variation of the acoustic resonance range according to lamp aging and the acoustic resonance range discrepancy caused by different materials sealed inside the arc tube and their pressures for arc tubes of identical sizes from different manufacturers. Performance of the prototype developed for this study of the electronic ballast for 1[kW] metal halide lamp was verified by evaluating its optical conversion efficiency, input PF, input current THD and power conversion efficiency.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.683-689
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• 2010

Reforming of methane with carbon dioxide has been carried out using a bipolar pulse driven elongated arc reactor operating at atmospheric pressure and non-equilibrium regime. This plasma reactor is driven by two kinds of power supply, characterized by different voltage-current characteristics under the same operating power and frequency. Varying the $CO_2/CH_4$ ratio and the discharge power, the conversion rate, yield, and reforming efficiency for the two power supplies are investigated in conjunction with the static and dynamic behaviors of voltage and current. It is found that not only the values of voltage and current but also their shapes give an influence on the reforming performances. Finally, a better electrical operation regime for the efficient plasma reforming is proposed based on the relationship between the voltage-current characteristics and the reforming performance.