• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.95-108
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to develop the plastic greenhouse models which are structurally safe under the weather condition of Seongju and have the dimensions suitable for oriental melon cultivation as well. To grasp the structural features of greenhouses in Seongju, the field survey was conducted on 406 farmhouses which included 2,068 greenhouses. The field survey showed that the roof shape of arch type accounted for the highest rate, but recently even span or peach type became more popular and the width and height of greenhouse tended to increase as the period of use was short. The relationship of the width, ridge height and eaves height were established based on field survey data. Using climate data of Gumi adjacent to Seongju, the regressions were determined for the design wind speed and design snow depth depending on recurrence period. To design the greenhouse models against weather disasters in Seongju, the optimal design loads are 23.7 cm of snow depth and $33.8m{\cdot}s^1$ of wind speed. As the design results, four models of single-span greenhouse, two models of double-span greenhouses including extension were developed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.402-410
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• 2017

The effect of the steel pipe member joint on the design performance of a plastic multi-span greenhouse was analysed through the comparing full-scale experiment and numerical analysis. The design performance of the greenhouse is generally evaluated through numerical analysis, but it is rare to consider the characteristics of the connections or joints of the members. In this study, the effect of the column-gutter beam-rafter-wind break wall joint on the design performance of the whole structure of a plastic multi-span greenhouse was analysed. The numerical results with assuming that the member joint are rigid condition were compared with the full-scale load test results using member joints used in the field. The stiffness of the entire structure was compared using the load-displacement relationship and the change of the load sharing ratio that the main members such as column, rafters, and wind break wall was analysed. The results of the load test were about 40% larger than the numerical result and the member stress was more than twice as large as those of the loaded columns. In order to increase the reliability of the design performance of the greenhouse, it is necessary to develop a numerical analysis model which can consider the characteristics of various joints.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2017

Noonan syndrome is a relatively common genetic disorder which is autosomal dominant. Prevalence of Noonan syndrome is varying from 0.04% to 0.1%. It is characterized by distinctive facial features, chest deformity, short stature and congenital heart disease. Oral findings in patient with Noonan syndrome include high arched palate, dental malocclusion, articulation difficulties, and micrognathia. The purpose of this case report is to describe dental treatment of a children with Noonan syndrome. 5 year old boy with Noonan syndrome visited to the Seoul National University Dental Hospital for dental treatment. Due to need for close monitoring, concern about seizure and poor cooperation, we planned to perform the dental treatment under general anesthesia. Under general anesthesia, caries treatment was successfully performed and there was no postoperative complications related to general anesthesia. High arched palate was observed which is characteristic in Noonan syndrome.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.683-691
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• 2013

Failure behaviour of deep beams is largely depend on shear span to effective depth ratio(a/d). For deep beams with $a/d{\leq}1.0$, the diagonal splitting of the web and local crushing of concrete near applied loads or supports is the most common failure mode. If the beam contains sufficient web reinforcement, area of local crushing will be increased while area of diagonal splitting is decreased. When web reinforcement above purpose, web should be reinforced both in the horizontal and vertical directions or be reinforced in perpendicular direction to diagonal cracks. For deep beams with 1.0${\leq}2.5$, the increment of shear strength by the horizontal web reinforcement are hardly expected unless amount of main bars very small that the main bars should be reached yielding state when shear failure occurs. In contrast, the vertical web reinforcement prevent the beam from being transferred to tied arch mechanism, and as a result th shear strength of beam increase. In this study, formulas based on upper bound theorem of plastic theory are proposed to predict the shear strength of reinforced concrete deep beams with $a/d{\leq}1.0$. Comparisons with other experiment results are performed, and good agreement between measured and predicted value by proposed formulas is obtained.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.5-16
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• 1998

2-D numerical methods have been applied to analyze the stability of tunnels because of computation efficiency, though the ground around the tunnel under construction shows 3-D reformational behaviour due to the transverse and longitudinal arching effects. Load distribution factors are introduced to the 2-D analysis for the consideration of the effects of the tunnel advance in three dimensions. The load distribution factors influence significantly the ground deformation and the load of primary supports like shotcrete and rockbolts. According to the previous studies for 3-D numerical studies. it was shown that load distribution factors were heavily dependent on the ground deformational properties, tunnel size and the advance length of a tunnel. However, as the quantitative methods evaluating the factors have not been presented yet, constant values have been assigned to the factors for 2-D analysis even if the conditions for tunnel design are different. Accordingly, this paper presents the method to evaluate quantitatively the load distribution factors through the regression analysis of 3-D analysis data on 72 design cases. Also, new modification to the load distribution factors are suggested for the ring-cut excavation method because the conventional 2-D analysis is not able to consider the support effects of the core left on the tunnel face.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.171-182
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• 2007

For minimizing the effect on the focus of civil traffic and environment conditions related to the excavation at the traffic jamming points, an underground station tunnel was planned with 35.5 m in length and bigger area than $200\;m^2$ in sedimentary rock mass. It faced the case that the overburden was just under 13 m. Not based on a pattern design but on the case histories of similar projects and arching effect, the design of large section tunnel under shallow overburden was investigated on three design subjects which are shape effect on the section area, application method of support pressure, and supporting and tunnel safety. According to the mechanical effect from section shape, a basic design and a preliminary design was obtained, and then supporting method of large section was planned by the supporting of NATM and a pipe roof method for subsidence prevention and mechanical stability. From the comparative study between both designs, it was found that the basic design was suitable and acceptable for the steel alignment of tunnel lining, safety and the design parameter restricted by the limit considered as partition of the excavation facilities. Through the analysis result of preliminary design showing the mechanical stability without stress concentration in tunnel arch level, it also was induced that shape effect of the large section area and yielding load obtained from deformation zone in the surrounding rock mass of tunnel have to be considered as major topics for the further development of design technique on the large section tunnel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.864-867
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• 2003

GPS (Global Positioning System) made by the Department of Defense in U.S.A is positioning system to use satellite and initially it has been used only for the military forces but open to civilian in about 1987. This system has widely been used for not only surveying land, but also car navigation on the street and means to build up the data of the GIS. With GPS, recently our country is accelerating to make imbeded system and also the study on imbeded system is well under way. For example, Car navigation and the construction of the Seokang bridge between Willson Arch at Han river by using DGPS were evaluated as successful model to lead accurate location with the precision of the cm. The examples of the project performance with GPS has gradually been extended to the each department organization of the local and central government. for the example, It is true that BIS(Bus Information System) is widely spreading out. In addition, the study on the Distribution Maintenance System is expected to be well in progress to take advantage of GPS based on the data base of the NGIS(National Geography Institute System) of the NGI(National Geography Institute). This paper shows that we embodied not only the large imbeded system for car and finding the location in Korean Land Corporation but also the protype of the kinematics Wrist Held which is easily portable to pedestrian, climber and marathon runner.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2002

The cellular responses of TNT-degrading bacterium, Stenotrophomonas sp. OK-5 to explosive 2,4,6-trini-trotoluene (TNT) as an environmental contaminant were examined. Survival of the strain OK-5 with time in the presence of different concentrations of TNT under sublethal conditions was monitored, and viable counts paralleled the production of the stress shock proteins in this bacterium. Total cellular fatty acids analysis showed that strain OK-5 produced or disappeared several different kinds of lipids when grown on TNT media than when grown on TSA. Under scanning electron microscope, the cells treated with 0.5 mM TNT for 12 hrs showed irregular rod shapes with wrinkled surfaces. Analyses of SDS-PAGE and Western blot using anti-DnaK and anti-GroEL revealed that several stress shock proteins including 70 kDa DnaK and 60 kDa GroEL in strain OK-5 were newly synthesized at different TNT concentrations in exponentially growing cultures. 2-D PAGE of soluble protein fractions from the culture of OK-5 exposed to TNT demonstrated that approximately 300 spots were observed on the silver stained gel ranging from pH 3 to pH 10. Among them, 10 spots significantly induced and expressed in response to TNT were selected and analyzed. As the result of internal amino acid sequencing with ESI-Q TOF, two proteins, spot #1 and spot #10 were assigned the DnaK protein XF2340 of Xylella fastidiosa and stress-induced protein of Mesorhizobium loti, respectively.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 2008

The Dongdaemoon complex stadium is scheduled to remodelled into an international park, which will be named Design Plaza. The Dongdaemoon baseball field was constructed with Rahmen Structure which comprised beams, slabs and columns. In order to assure for viewing, the stadium was composed unusual structure that the height of the front column and the back column was designed differently. The bleachers was an upper arch form for viewing. The slab was not flat unliked the general infrastructure and tilted in stairway type for viewing. If we had applied the mechanical demolition method, we could have predicted several problems. Firstly, the stand could be unstable when the heavy equipment was to crush the reinforced concrete on the slab. Because the slab was not flat. Secondly, the construction expense and construction duration could be increase when the large equipment was to crush the reinforced concrete on the ground. Because the height of the stand was too high to crush on the ground so it needed to build a filling. Thus, we applied both the mechanical demolition method and explosives demolition method at the design stage. The result of explosives demolition was of complete success in terms of structural movement and controlled blasting noise and vibration. This case study provided a good example for a successful application of explosives demolition in urban areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.619-628
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• 2009

LiDAR has capability of rapid data acquisition and provides useful information for reconstructing surface of the Earth. However, Extracting information from LiDAR data is not easy task because LiDAR data consist of irregularly distributed point clouds of 3D coordinates and lack of semantic and visual information. This thesis proposed methods for automatic extraction of buildings and 3D detail modeling using airborne LiDAR data. As for preprocessing, noise and unnecessary data were removed by iterative surface fitting and then classification of ground and non-ground data was performed by analyzing histogram. Footprints of the buildings were extracted by tracing points on the building boundaries. The refined footprints were obtained by regularization based on the building hypothesis. The accuracy of building footprints were evaluated by comparing with 1:1,000 digital vector maps. The horizontal RMSE was 0.56m for test areas. Finally, a method of 3D modeling of roof superstructure was developed. Statistical and geometric information of the LiDAR data on building roof were analyzed to segment data and to determine roof shape. The superstructures on the roof were modeled by 3D analytical functions that were derived by least square method. The accuracy of the 3D modeling was estimated using simulation data. The RMSEs were 0.91m, 1.43m, 1.85m and 1.97m for flat, sloped, arch and dome shapes, respectively. The methods developed in study show that the automation of 3D building modeling process was effectively performed.