• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.353-362
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• 2017

The purpose of this study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of self-esteem between attachment and depression in adolescents. The study specified theoretical assumptions based on internal working model and vulnerability model. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. A total of 2,058 adolescent data from 2015 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey was used in this study. The results showed parent attachment, peer attachment, and teacher attachment did not have direct effects on adolescent depression, but have indirect effects. Self-esteem had direct and mediating effect on depression. The implications were discussed in relation to interpersonal relationships and self-esteem of adolescents for depression prevention.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.549-566
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• 2009

This study developed the Place Attachment to Childhood Home Scale and evaluated its validity and reliability. Samples consisted of 418 college students of four universities. Data were collected by questionnaire based on retrospective questions about the childhood home. Factor analysis resulted in 5 dimensions of place attachment : affection, place identity, place rootedness, playfulness, and place dependence. Especially, playfulness was a unique finding. The result of confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor structure. There were also significant correlations among sub-factors. The reliability of the scale appeared high (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .948). Criterion-related validity was confirmed by significant correlations of the present scale with Attachment Scale to Place (Hess, 1997) and the Inventory of Parent Attachment (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987).

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.29-47
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• 2001

In this study of 79 3- and 4-year-old children, behavioral inhibition was assessed by their preschool teachers; mother-child attachment was assessed by the researchers in home visits; and mothers reported on their parenting and their child's emotionality at 6-12 months of age. Findings were that insecure attachment was related to high child's distress reactions to limitations (negative emotionality) in early infancy and to strong maternal rejection/hostility. Higher maternal sensitivity to child's inhibition was related to more secure attachment. Girls were more highly inhibited than boys. Smiling and laughter (positive emotionality) in early infancy was negatively related to child's inhibited behavior. Maternal sensitivity to child inhibition was positively related to child's inhibited behavior. Findings are consistent with Engfer's (1993) theory of gender differences in developmental paths into behavioral inhibition.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.247-263
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• 2006

Recruited from Korean-Chinese elementary schools in Shenyang and Harbin, China, 100 children living apart from their parents and experiencing non-maternal care provided information about the separation (reason and duration of parent-child separation, present location of parents, etc.), their adjustment to separation, and their perception of attachment with their caregivers. Results showed that although the separated children adjusted positively to parent-child separation in general, over 55% of them reported loneliness. Attachment with caregiver was the most significant influential variable on children's behavior problems. Duration of separation from father was related to children's hostility/aggression and hyperactivity/attention deficit problem, while duration of separation from mother influenced children's anxiety.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 1997

25 young autistic children were examined in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation. The attachment security of 21 children could be classified. Almost half(44%) of these children were securely attached. The relationship between attachment security and developmental variables(chronological age, social quotient, severity of symptom) was investigated. There were no significant differences on CA, social quotient, and severity of symptom between secure attachment group and insecure attachment group. Although autistic children have social deficits, they develop secure attachment to their mothers.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.143-157
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• 2006

This study examined the mediating roles of parent and peer attachment in the relationship between academic stress and suicidal impulse among Korean adolescents. The 2959 ninth grade students in this study were selected from among 3211 students(excluding missing cases) who participated in the Korean Youth Panel Study. Following Baron & Kenny's(1986) suggestion, the mediator model was employed to analyze parent and peer attachment. Results showed that academic stress had a significant relationship with adolescent's suicidal impulse. Parent attachment acted as a partial mediator between academic stress and suicidal impulse; that is parent attachment provided a protective mechanism minimizing the direct effects of academic stress. However, peer attachment had no significant relationship with academic stress.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 2006

This study investigated the relationship between types of attachment and social adaptation of kindergarten children. Subjects were 108 3-year-old children, their mothers, and their teachers. Results showed that children securely attached to both mother and teacher adapted better than children who were insecurely attached to both mother and teacher. Children who were securely attached to mother but insecurely attached to teacher, and children who were insecurely attached to mother but securely attached to teacher adapted better than children who were insecurely attached to both mother and teacher. This study suggests that the quality of child-mother or child-teacher attachment affects children's social adaptation with the passage of time in kindergarten.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.63-81
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the first generation Korean-American mothers' attachment representation as well as the attachment representation of their second generation Korean-American college students. The subjects consisted of 25 first generation Korean-American mothers and 27 second generation college students residing in Los Angeles. The Adult Attachment Interview (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985) was used for assessing attachment representation patterns. The results of this study were as follows. First, 36% of the subject mothers were classified as secure, 64% were insecurely attached and there was no unresolved/disorganized pattern in the insecure group. Second, 33% of the subject students were classified as secure. 67% were insecure on the AAI, and there was 4% unresolved/disorganized patterns in the insecure group. Third, a difference of 76% was found between the correspondence between the first generation Korean-American mothers' attachment representation pattern and the attachment representation of the second generation Korean-American college students.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.175-189
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• 2008

This study examined influences of mothers' attachment experience and separation-anxious psychological control and of adolescents' attachment on adolescents' psychological independence. Participants were 302 high school students (106 boys; 196 girls) and their mothers. Data were collected via questionnaires. Data analyses were by Pearson's correlation and Hierarchical Multiple Regression. Results showed that 1) Mothers' attachment experience with their mothers was positively related to girls' attachment to their mothers; mothers' separation-anxious psychological control was negatively related to adolescents' attachment. 2) Adolescents' attachment to their mothers predicted their emotional and functional psychological independence negatively. 3) Mothers' psychological control was negatively related to functional independence of boys but positively related to emotional independence of both boys and girls.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.17-28
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• 2005

To understand further the differences in the distribution of attachment classifications assigned to 12-15 month old infant raised in Korea(N=85) and the U.S.(N=104), detailed analyses of maternal and infant behavior during the Strange Situation was undertaken. Indices of infants' attachment behavior with their mothers and distress during separations were rated. The percentage of Korean infants classified as secure versus insecure mirrored the global distribution, however, fewer Korean babies were classified as avoidant, As predicted, secure Korean babies were less likely than secure U.S. babies to approach their mothers, maintain contact or show resistant behavior and more often displayed distress during the second separation from their mother. Resistant Korean babies, however, did not significantly differ from resistant U.S. babies with respect to their attachment behavior but more often displayed distress when left with a stranger. These findings are discussed with respect to cultural differences in caregiving.