• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.205-217
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to understand the fundamental aspects of the laughter therapy using the Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological method. Participants of this study included twelve elderly people-four men and eight women-who agreed to participate in this study underwent laughter therapy at a senior citizen's center. Data were collected through focus interviews, a literary work, and a work of art. The essential themes of this study are a healthy life (restoration of health, refreshed feeling), a happy life (stress relief, put idle thoughts out of one's mind, vitality in daily routine, double pleasure through laughter, re-juvenescence with reminiscence), and a wishful life (became optimistic while leaving behind suffering, look forward to things). Healthy life was defined as experiencing the basic motive power of life, happy life was defined as experiencing delightfulness through relationships with others and empathy, and wishful life was defined as experiencing an affirmative life integration through overcoming suffering from losses. In conclusion, laughter therapy showed to improve health, personal relations and life integration for elderly people. Therefore, utilization of laughter therapy will help to improve independence and self-esteem in elderly people.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.219-230
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• 2018

This study was conducted to identify factors influencing depression symptoms among college students. To accomplish this, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 546 college students from October 1st to November 30th, 2015. Univariate analysis, logistic regression, and multivariate regression analysis between variables were then conducted using depression symptoms as the dependent variable and other relevant factors as independent variables. The level of depression among the subjects differed significantly according to personal attributes, family life and school life characteristics, as well as health related behavioral characteristics. The risk of depression was significantly higher in the lower group than the higher group of family and friends social support, the lower group than the higher group of self-esteem, the lower group than the higher group of locus of control, and in the high risk stress group than the normal stress group. Factors influencing depression symptoms included religion, social support from family, social support from friends, interpersonal dependency, locus of control, and stress were identified as significant variables, indicating that depression among college students is related to diverse elements including sociodemographic characteristics, social support from family/friends, interpersonal dependency, locus of control, and stress. Depression symptoms significantly increased when social support from family or friends, low psychological behavior characteristics are low, and when stress is high. Thus, it is necessary to understand factors related to depression and reduce them to decrease depression levels of college students.

• 재활복지
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.165-192
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• 2012

This study aims to develop a valid self-report scale for the community integration of persons with psychiatric disabilities. To this end, conducted were in-depth interviews with individuals with psychiatric disabilities, consultation with experts, and a survey. First, literature review and the in-depth interview with individuals with psychiatric disabilities were collected questionnaires regarding the community integration of persons with psychiatric disabilities. Second, preliminary research 1 focused on the selection and modification of the items collected in the first research. Final 44 items were selected by the verification of the importance and content-validity of items under the advices of professionals. Lastly, preliminaty research 2 applied cross-validation method to the data from 524 cases in order to verify the factor structure and concept-validity of the items. The result of exploratory factor analysis shows that 5 factor structures are the most appropriate, and the confirmatory factor analysis suggests that the Self-reporting Scale of Community Integration for the person with psychiatric disabilities consists of 27 questionnaires which compose 5sub-concepts such as'psychological integration','physical integration', 'social support', 'social integration', 'independence/self-actualization'. Moreover, this scale was significantly related to the 'Life Satisfaction scale for the person with psychiatric disabilities'. This proved concurrent validity of the scale.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-85
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• 2016

In this study, we examined the longitudinal change of multicultural acceptability, peer relationship, and teacher relationship using latent growth curve modeling. This study used data from the second, third, and fourth waves of the middle school student cohort (N=2,178) of the Korean Children-Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). The dependent variable was multicultural acceptability. The independent variables were peer relationship and teacher relationship. The major longitudinal findings of this study are as follows: First, peer relationships, teacher relationships and multicultural acceptability increased with time. Second, peer relationship showed a significant effect on the multicultural acceptability over time. Finally, the teacher relationship showed a significant effect on the multicultural acceptability over time. These results show differentiation with previous cross-sectional studies of multicultural acceptability. Furthermore, it is expected that this study will provide educational implications for the cultivation of multicultural acceptability.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2010

Recreation forests are in the spotlight as the place for personality development, mind and body comfort, companionship, and environment education in forests and valleys. Visitors to recreation forests have been on the increase along with booming in recreation forest building since 1988. Recreation forests are being categorized according to some features such as regional and environmental condition. Recreation forests, however, have not met the expectations of some visitors who want to take a rest with calmness due to the influence of the 5-day-work-week system, increasing interest in rest, leisure, and well-being, and users converge during weekends, summer, and the tourist season. In order to improve visitors' satisfaction efficiently, this study surveyed the level of satisfaction in each cluster based on the precedent study which had classified 85 national or public recreation forests in Korea into clusters. Questionnaires were distributed properly to each cluster and, of the 1,132 questionnaires collected, 1,015 were valid and used for analysis. Reliability of questionnaires and statistical validity of the model were verified. As a result, there are meaningful differences in the ranking of independent variables which affect the level of satisfaction according to clusters. Variables in rest and fatigue recovery have the strongest influence on the level of satisfaction in the clusters of potential factor, internal activation factor, and mixed potential capacity factor. In the use performance and visiting condition factor cluster, appropriateness of visit cost is most influential and, in the education cluster, connectivity with tourist attractions around it is most affective. These results can provide priority in services and maintenance of recreation forests for improving the level of satisfaction and differentiate the distribution of resources according to clusters.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.239-251
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• 2012

This study aims to seek the policies and the plans for the successful small business start-up through an exploratory study about the factors affecting the success rate of small business start-up. To measure the performance of the start-up business(sales revenue, net profit, and outcome expectancy), the characteristics of founders (experience, psychological characteristics) and the preparation of small business start-up were measured as independent variables and the self-efficacy was measured as a parameter. 427 small business owners were targeted and structured self-administered questionnaires were collected from them. For the data process, a multiple regression analysis by SPSS 18.0 was conducted. The findings demonstrated the experience in the same business, the need for achievement, the risk-taking propensity, the preparation period for business start-up had a significant effect on self-efficacy, and experience of failure and the ratio of net worth had a significant effect on sales revenue and net profit, and the locus of control had a significant effect on outcome expectancy through the self-efficacy, a parameter. It was also noted the self-efficacy of small business owners and the business performance varied depending on the characteristics of them and the preparation process of the business start-up. Based on the those findings, the theoretical and practical implications were discussed and the suggestions about the limits of the study, future policies and studies were made.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.577-582
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• 2008

In order to ascertain the effect of ship's speeds, in maneuver under the condition of strong cross current in the breakwater channel of Busan port, this paper is to deal with the analyses of vessel proximity measures, vessel controllability measures, and ship handlers' subjective evaluation measures of simulated maneuvers, which were carried out by 76 ship handlers who conned Panamax bulk carrier of 60,000 DWT, The set and drift of current are southwesterly and 2 knots. The speeds of the model ship are 5 knots & 10 knots respectively. The followings are concluded. ${(1)}$ In the approaches of the breakwater of Busan port, ship handlers psychologically tend not to give the drift angle of more than $10^{\circ}$ bemuse ship's head points out of the entrance. ${(2)}$ Ship handlers' subjective evaluation, vessel proximity and controllability measures are relatively larger under the speed of 5 knots than under that of 10 knots. due to direct pressure of strong current. ${(3)}$ A single index of controllability measures was suggested, by removing their units.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2009

American Psychiatric Association defined hwa-byung as a unique mental illness of Korea, a kind of anger syndrome. This illness caused by the Korean culture is more often found on women than men, especially middle-aged women. The cause of hwa-byung mainly depends on the traditional family structure of Korea formed by Confucianism. Other causes that many middle-aged women suffer from hwa-byung are that their low education level originated in their wrong-recognized position in society and poverty in the past makes them not to be able to control their minds effectively(social psychological factor), and that they get stressed and depressed because of loss of their position in the family after their children leave home and the menopause which hurts their feminine beauty (physiological factor). So, this program aims at letting them to; 1) experience catharsis of the negative feelings which causes hwa-byung by expressing in psychodrama, 2) ease the symptoms of hwa-byung by relaxing their mind, 3) understand themselves through sharing their feelings and thinking at the group level, 4) acquire the opportunities to stabilize and expand their role in their real lives through the role playing.

• Korean small business review
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.65-86
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• 2019

This study empirically analyzed how the elements of entrepreneurship and the fear of entrepreneurial failure influence entrepreneurial intention with each other in a situation that encourages startups. In particular, the moderating effect of fear of entrepreneurial failure was verified by dividing the fear of entrepreneurial failure into three sub-variables: fear of financial loss, fear of psychological loss, and fear of career loss. As a result, it was found that proactiveness and risk-taking had a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention, but innovativeness did not. Fear of entrepreneurial failure(all of sub-variables) was found to have no significantly moderating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. Therefore it seemed to have a negative effect as a independent variable. However, considering the regression coefficient(β) is positive or negative depending on the interaction terms of the sub-variables of fear of entrepreneurial failure and the entrepreneurship, it could be inferred that the moderating effect could be positive or negative. Based on this research results, a sophisticated entrepreneurship education program to inspire entrepreneurship and lower the fear of failure is needed in order to promote startups. And at the same time, a social safety net construction plan to reduce the fear of entrepreneurial failure needs to be prepared.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2017

Objectives: Domestic violence is related to many psychiatric diseases, such as depression, anxiety disorder, and PTSD. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an index of autonomic control of the heart and is related to cardiovascular and emotional disorders. Although there have been some studies on the effects of domestic violence on women's mental health, relatively little information is available on HRV in this population. The aim of this study is to investigate demographic data, psychological features, and HRV in female victims of domestic violence and difference between Korean and foreign female victims. Methods: A total of 210 female victims of domestic violence (166 Korean women and 44 foreign women) were recruited for this study. Psychological symptoms were measured using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). HRV measures were assessed by time-domain and frequency-domain analyses. Results: The mean score of HAM-A was 13.81, that of HAM-D was 12.92, and that of IES-R was 33.61 ; there were no significant differences between Korean and foreign women in these measures. In HRV time domain analyses, approximate entropy (ApEn) was significantly increased in foreign women compared to the Korean women. The square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD) was significantly decreased in foreign women compared to Korean women. There were no significant differences in the other HRV variables between Korean and foreign women. Conclusion: Female victims of domestic violence in Korea are associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. The physiologic factors of a female victim's nationality could be related to higher ApEn and lower RMSSD in foreign female victims. These findings have important implications for future study to study the relationships among ethnic and environmental factors and HRV variables.