• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.662-669
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• 1995

To clarify the effect of temperature during ripening on grain quality, rice plant which was grown under normal natural conditions untill heading stage was subjected various temperature regimes during grain filling stage. Three varieties, Odaebyeo, Hwaseongbyeo and Dongjinbyeo were used. Grains on primary and secondary-rachis branches were harvested seperately and measured specific gravity, grain size and weight. The optimum daily temperature for grain filling of rice during ripening period was about 22$^{\circ}C$ and grain filling under alternating temperature(26/18$^{\circ}C$, day /night) was better than constant temperature (22 /22$^{\circ}C$) based on 1, 000-grain weight and yield. Grain size based on volume per grain was smallest under the constant temperature of 22 /22$^{\circ}C$. The size of secondary-rachis branches was smaller than primary-rachis branch. The difference in size between primary and secondary-rachis branches was biggest in Hwaseongbyeo, followed by Odaebyeo and Dongjinbyeo. The temperature regimes treated did not influence the grain size difference between branches so much. The 1000-grain weight was lighter under high temperature than low temperature in Odaebyeo, but reversed tendency was observed in Dongjinbyeo of secondary rachis-branches.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2023

Domestic hop (Humulus lupulus L.) production has been suspended since the early 1990s due to foreign imports, but interest in local production is rising due to the recent craft beer boom in Korea. This study was conducted focusing on the development of growth characteristics and propagation technology for 6 introduced hop cultivars as a basic study for domestic hop production and breeding program. In the hop growth survey conducted in 2021 and 2022, the 5-year-old plants after planting generally showed a tendency to increase the height of strobile setting, strobile size, number and weight of strobile per hill compared to the 4-year-old plants. As a result of the experiment with hop vine cuttings, the average rooting rate of all cultivars was as high as 88% even in only water treatment that were not added with Atonik (Atonik, Arysta, Japan), a rooting agent. There were differences between cultivars in rooting length and rooting rate according to the Atonik treatment method. When checking the survival rate of the rooted cuttings seedlings after transplanting into the soil, it was confirmed that the survival rate of the cuttings in the tissue culture room was significantly lower than that of the cuttings in the greenhouse. However, in transplanting step, cutting plants from culture room condition was strongly inhibited plant growth because of changing environment conditions. As a results of tissue culture, the thidiazuron (TDZ) 1 ㎎/L treatment in the media generated 6 to 9 shoots/explant, while the 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) 1 ㎎/L treatment generated only 1 to 2 shoots/explant. Therefore, it is more effective to culture by adding TDZ rather than BAP. These results indicated that the development of technology to manage stably after transplanting of cutting or micropropagating plants into potting soil is important for mass propagation of hops.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1209-1215
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• 2022

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is known as a very efficient method to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the catalyst performs reduction from nitrogen oxides (NOx) to nitrogen (N₂) and water vapor (H2O). The catalyst, which is one of the factors determining the performance of the nitrogen oxide (NOx) ruduction method, is known to increase catalyst efficiency as cell density increases. In this study, the reduction characteristics of nitrogen oxides (NOx) under various engine loads investigated. A 100CPSI(60Cell) catalysts was studied through a laboratory-sized simulating device that can simulate the exhaust gas conditions from the power generation engine installed in the training ship SEGERO. The effect of 100CPSI(60Cell) cell density was compared with that of 25.8CPSI(30Cell) cell density that already had NOx reduction data from the SCR manufacturing. The experimental catalysts were honeycomb type and its compositions and materials of V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂ were retained, with only change on cell density. As a result, the NOx concentration reduction rate from 100CPSI(60Cell) catalyst was 88.5%, and IMO specific NOx emission was 0.99g/kwh satisfying the IMO Tier III NOx emission requirement. The NOx concentration reduction rate from 25.8CPSI(30Cell) was 78%, and IMO specific NOx emission was 2.00g/kwh. Comparing the NOx concentration reduction rate and emission of 100CPSI(60Cell) and 25.8CPSI(30Cell) catalysts, notably, the NOx concentration reduction rate of 100CPSI(60Cell) catalyst was 10.5% higher and its IMO specific NOx emission was about twice less than that of the 25.8CPSI(30Cell) catalysts. Therefore, an efficient NOx reduction effect can be expected by increasing the cell density of catalysts. In other words, effects to production cost reduction, efficient arrangement of engine room and cargo space can be estimated from the reduced catalyst volume.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.143-174
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• 2023

With the development of deep learning technologies, Artificial Intelligence powered Optical Character Recognition (AI-OCR) has evolved to read multiple languages from various forms of images accurately. For the financial industry, where a large number of diverse documents are processed through manpower, the potential for using AI-OCR is great. In this study, we present a configuration and a design of an AI-OCR modality for use in the financial industry and discuss the platform construction with application cases. Since the use of financial domain data is prohibited under the Personal Information Protection Act, we developed a deep learning-based data generation approach and used it to train the AI-OCR models. The AI-OCR models are trained for image preprocessing, text recognition, and language processing and are configured as a microservice architected platform to process a broad variety of documents. We have demonstrated the AI-OCR platform by applying it to financial domain tasks of document sorting, document verification, and typing assistance The demonstrations confirm the increasing work efficiency and conveniences.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the various functionalities of the peels, pulps, and seeds of passion fruit. Proximate composition, mineral contents, phenolic acid contents, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, reducing power, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibitory activities were measured for each part of passion fruit. Proximate composition analysis of the passion fruit indicated that moisture content contained (4.78-8.20%), carbohydrate (68.33-73.23%), protein (8.78-13.63%), fat (1.19-11.60%), and ash (1.51-8.80%). K, Ca, Na and Fe were the predominant mineral in the peels. P and Mg were the predominant mineral in the pulps. All the antioxidant activities (total polyphenols, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, and reducing power) showed high results in the seeds. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities IC₅₀ were in the peels (5.59 and 63.16 mg/mL), in the pulps (3.80 and 31.90 mg/mL), and in the seeds (0.06 and 1.02 mg/mL). These results indicated that the pulps, peels, and seeds of passion fruit have value as natural antioxidants with the high quality functional components.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1105-1121
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness and safety of frequently used clinical herbal medicines (Yijung-tang [Lizhong-tang, LJT], Pyeongwi-san [Pingwei-san, PWS], and Shihosogan-tang [Chaihu Shugan-tang, SST]) in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) when administered according to herbal medicine and Korean medicine pattern identification. The results of this study will be used to standardize the diagnostic instrument used in Korean medicine and to investigate biomarkers of Korean medicine pattern identification. Methods: This study will be a randomized, assessor-blind, 3-arm, parallel, open-label, multi-center clinical trial. A total of 300 FD participants will be recruited from 3 Korean medical hospitals and assigned to the LJT (n=100), PWS (n=100), and SST (n=100) groups according to FD pattern identification. The patients will take the medication for 8 weeks, 3 times a day, before or between meals. The primary outcome will be total dyspepsia symptom (TDS) and the secondary outcomes will be adequate relief (AR) for dyspepsia, overall treatment effect (OTE), visual analogue scale (VAS), functional dyspepsia-related quality of life (FD-QoL), gastrointestinal symptom score (GIS), and pattern identification questionnaires. For the exploratory outcomes, we will analyze blood and fecal metabolome profiles, microbiota from fecal and saliva samples, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and results of Korean medicine diagnosis device measurements (heart rate variability, and tongue, pulse, and abdominal diagnosis). Conclusions: The results of this study will prove objectivity for Korean medicine pattern identifications, and the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicines for the population with FD.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Objectives : The main aim of this study was to examine the LC-MS/MS used to identify phenolic compounds of CRE(Coptidis Rhizoma 70% EtOH Extract). Also, we investigated antioxidative activities and Anti-inflammatory activities. Methods : LC-MS/MS Analysis HPLC and LC-MS/MS were performed on a 1260 series HPLC system (Agilent Technologies, Inc., California, USA) and 3200 QTrap tandem mass system (Sciex LLC) operated in positive ion mode (spray voltage set at -4.5 kV). The solvent used was DW and Acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, a gradient system was used at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min for analysis, and a Prontosil C18 column (length, 250 mm; inner diameter, 4.6 mm; particle size, 5 ㎛; Phenomenex Co., Ltd., California, USA, Biochoff Chromatography) was used. The solvent conditions used in the mobile phases were 0-10 min at 10-15% B, 10-20 min at 20% B, 20-30 min at 25%, 30-40 min at 40%, 40-50 min at 70%, 50-60 min at 95%, and 60-70 min at 95%. The analysis was performed at a wavelength of 284 nm and a temperature of 35℃. The cell viability was measured using a 3-(4,5-dimethyethiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. We examined the effects of CRE on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in a RAW 264.7 cells Results : The chemical analysis CRE by Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) confirmed that Rosmarinic acid, Ferrulic acid, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, and 5-O-feruloylquinic acid as phenolic components. DPPH radical scavenging activity was the inhibitory activity of CRE showed at 200 ㎍/mL a statistically significant level. MTT assay demonstrated that the CRE did not have a cytotoxic effect in RAW 264.7 and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Also, CRE reduced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. Conclusions : Based on these findings, The chemical analysis 4 major components CRE such as Rosmarinic acid, Ferrulic acid, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, and 5-O-feruloylquinic acid. Moreover, we confirmed that CRE has effects antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The results demonstrate that CRE can be used as an antioxidant and a powerful chemopreventive ingredient against inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.391-396
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• 2023

Milk is an emulsion, improving texture of surimi mixture and able to suppress off flavors and abnormal tastes. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the effective properties of milk in the preparation of a surimi mixture for 3D printing. The sensory and physical properties of surimi mixtures containing 0%, 20 wt%, and 40 wt% milk were evaluated, where the unheated surimi mixture with added milk demonstrated increased firmness and adhesiveness compared to the negative control group. In addition, the hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness of the mixture containing 40% milk were highest, but springiness, cohesiveness, and resilience were lowest. In the sensory evaluation, as the amount of milk increased, a fishy smell, abnormal taste and texture improved, hardness and preference increased as well. From these results, it was confirmed that a surimi mixture can be prepared with milk to improve its physical and sensory properties for 3D printing when compared to the negative control mixture. In particular, it was revealed that the physical properties and preference of the surimi mixture are best when prepared with 40% milk.

• Journal of Korean Living Environment System
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2009

The present study was designed to observe the thermal dynamics of core and skin temperatures during sub-maximal treadmill exercise; to investigate the effect of regional body cooling during short rest after the treadmill exercise on the thermal dynamics. Three conditions (No cooling, Head/Hand cooling, Leg cooling) were simulated in a climatic chamber at 24±1℃ and 50±5%RH. Subjects performed two bouts of treadmill exercise at a rate of 80%HR_max followed by rest. Body cooling with a hood, long gloves, and a blanket that circulated water set at 15℃ was assigned during two bouts of rest. The results showed that (1) rectal temperature (T_re) did not show significant difference between three conditions; (2) Skin temperatures had specific features, depending on body regions. In particular, the initial fall phenomena of skin temperatures at the onset of exercise were noteworthy in the chest, thigh, calf, and finger tip. Of these, the most significant initial fall was found in finger temperature (T_fing). (3) During the period of the initial fall in skin temperatures, T_re gradually increased. (4) The magnitude of the fall of T_fing at the onset of 2^nd running was on average 4.8, 5.1 and 3.4℃ for Control, HH cooling, and Leg cooling, respectively (p<0.05). The initial drop of T_fing at the onset of running was maintained for an average of 8.1, 7.9 and 6.3 minutes for Control, HH cooling, and Leg cooling, with no significant differences. In conclusion, the initial fall phenomena at the onset of treadmill exercise reflected non-thermal factors, as opposed to internal thermal status. The magnitude of the initial fall in T_fing was affected by legs cooling. Therefore, the initial fall phenomenon should be considered when interpreting the thermal status of the shell during heavy works/exercises that assigned with intermittent regional body cooling.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.103-114
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• 2011

The present survey was conducted to investigate effects of weaning age on market weights of steers and calf mortality in Hanwoo. Eight hundred and sixty-two Hanwoo cow-calf operations from all nine provinces were surveyed via personal interviews. The number of farms categorized by herd (heifer plus cow) size were 188, 364, 227 and 83 for <20 heads, 20~49 heads, 50~99 heads and >100 heads, respectively. Approximate 40% of farms surveyed weaned calves at three months of age. The percentages of farms weaning calves over three months of age were 53.5%, 37.5%, 43.7% and 39.0% for <20 heads, 20~49 heads, 50~99 heads and >100 heads, respectively. The herd size did not affect market weights of Hanwoo steers. However weaning age was negatively correlated to carcass weight of Hanwoo steers, showing that as weaning age decreased, carcass weights of Hanwoo steers increased. The average calf mortality was 5.6% and the herd size did not affect calf mortality. But weaning age was shown to be positively correlated to calf mortality and the rate of diarrhea that caused calf death, suggesting that as weaning age decreased, calf mortality and the rate of diarrhea decreased. Overall, the results of present study suggest that a decrease of calf weaning age in Hanwoo can increase the profit of Hanwoo cow-calf operations by increasing carcass weight of Hanwoo steers and by decreasing calf mortality.