• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.7248-7258
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• 2014

The study was conducted as a quasi-experimental study targeting 60 patients with ischemic heart disease to determine how the smoking cessation program that uses telephone counseling and text messaging (short message) affects smoking cessation self-efficacy, nicotine dependence, co levels, and smoking cessation rate of the first, second experimental group at varying times of arbitration and control group. An examination of the effects of this program revealed the control group to have a significant increase in smoking cessation self-efficacy, smoking cessation rate than the first and second group but a significant decrease in the nicotine dependence, co levels. In addition, although the control group showed a significant increase in smoking cessation self efficacy, smoking cessation rate and a significant decrease in co levels than other groups, there was no difference in nicotine dependence. Therefore, a smoking cessation program that uses telephone counseling and text messaging (short message) for patients with ischemic heart disease worked for the smoking cessation rate and appeared to be more effective, depending on the times of arbitration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.05b
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• pp.106.2-132
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• 2002

형질전환 (유전자 결핍; Knockout) Min 마우스를 이용하여 대장암 발생에서 배추, 양배추 주성분인 indole-3-carbinol (I3C)의 대장암 예방효과를 규명하고자 하였다. 실험동물로는 C57BL/6J-Apc$^{min/+}$(Min 마우스)계의 5내지 6주령의 수컷 이형접합체 형질전환 마우스 70마리와 C57BL/6J계의 동일 산자, 동일 주령의 수컷 wildtype 비형질전환 마우스 10kfl를 The Jackson Laboratory 사 (Bar harber, ME, USA)로부터 직접 구입하였다. C57BL/6J-Apc$^{min/+}$계 수컷 이형접합체 형질전환 (Min)마우스 70마리를 각 군 20내지 25마리씩 세군으로 나누었다. Group 1에는 20마리, Group 2에는 25마리, Group 3에는 25마리를 배치하고, I3C 투여 실험군 (Group 1과 2)에는 실험시작시에 AIN-76A 분말사료에 I3C가 각각 100 및 300ppm이 함유되도록 조제하여 공급하였다. 그리고 실험군(Group 3)에는 실험시작부터 종료시까지 AIN-76A 정제고형사료(Teklad사, WI, USA)를 자유로이 급이하였다. 각군간의 체중, 사료 및 음수소비량을 매 2주마다 측정하였고, 10주간 (16주령)의 실험종료시에는 최종체중과 간장, 신장, 비장 등의 장기무게를 측정하여 상대장기 무게비를 산출하였다. 대조군으로서 C57BL/6J계의 동일 산자, 동일 주령의 수컷 wildtype 비형질전환 마우스 10마리는 같은 조건의 사육실에서 AIN-76A 정제고형사료를 33주간 자유로이 급이하였다. 실험동물은 부검전에 하룻밤 동안 절식하고 이산화탄소 흡입 마취하에서 흉대동맥을 절단하여 방혈하고 각 장기(심장, 폐, 위)를 적출하여 생리심염수에 넣어 장기무게를 측정하고 포르말린에 고정하였다. 소장과 대장의 검사를 위하여 위의 식도부위와 직장을 실로 결찰하여 적출하고 생리심염수를 주입하여 팽창시켜, 십이지장, 공장, 및 회장, 그리고 대장으로 나누어 여과지에 펼친 후 포르말린에 고정하였다. 소장과 대장은 육안 및 자동 영상분석길ㄹ 이용한 분석이 끝난 후에 각 부위별로 4-6개의 절편을 작제하여 포르말린에 재고정하고, 통상적인 조직처리과정, 파리핀 포매 및 3-4$\mu$m 두께의 조직절편을 제작하여 H&E 염색을 실시하여 현미경으로 검경하였다. 약 1주일간의 포르말린 고정이 끝난 소장 및 대장을 부위별, 별 종양개수 및 분포를 자동영상분석기(Kontron Co. Ltd., Germany)로 분석하였다. 체의 변화, 장기무게, 사료소비량 및 마리당 종양의 개수에 대한 통계학적 유의성 검증을 위하여 Duncan's t-test로 통계처리 하였고, 종양 발생빈도에 대하여는 Likelihood ration Chi-square test로 유의성을 검증하였다. C57BL/6J-Apc$^{min/+}$계 수컷 이형접합체 형질전환 마우스에 AIN-76A 정제사료만을 투여한 대조군의 대장선종의 발생률은 84%(Group 3; 21/25례)로써 I3C 100ppm 및 300ppm을 투여한 경우에 있어서는 각군 모두 60%(Group 1; 12/20 례, Group 2; 15/25 례)로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 대장선종의 마리당 발생개수에 있어서는 C57BL/6J-Apc$^{min/+}$계 수컷 이형접합체 형질전환 마우스에 AIN-76A 정제사료만을 투여한 대조군은 1.40$\pm$0.24(100%)에 비하여 I3C 저농도 투여 실험군(Group 1; 0.85$\pm$0.23; 61%, P<0.01), 그리고 I3C 고농도 투여 실험군(Group 2 ; 1.32$\pm$0.29 ; 94%)의 순으로 감소하였다. 선종의 크기별 종양의 발생개수의 분포에 있어서 I3C 저농도 투여 실험군에 있어서는 선종의 크기가 3mm이하의 수가 현저하게 감소하였다. C57BL/6J-Apc$^{min/+}$계 수컷 이형접합체 형질전환 마우스에 AIN-76A 정제사료만을 투여한 대조군의 부위별 소장선종의 발생수는 십이지장부위를 제외하고 각 군에서 유의한 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 십이지장 종양의 발생개수에서만 I3C 저농도 투여 실험군(Group 1 ; 3.11$\pm$0.85)이 대조군 (Group 3: 1.48$\pm$0.35) 및 I3C 고농도 투여 실험군(Group 2: 1.56$\pm$0.47)에 비하여 유의성 있게 증가하였다. (P<0.05). 따라서 I3C은 소장에서는 암예방 효과가 뚜렷하지 않으나, 대장에 대한 암에방 효과가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 소장 및 대장을 제외한 간장, 신장, 비장, 심장, 폐 그리고 위 등의 기타 장기에서의 조직병리학적 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 소장 및 대장의 종양은 선종(polyps)으로 관찰되었다. 지난 10여년간 형질전환 및 유전자 결핍 실험동물의 종류가 기하 급수적으로 증가하여 이용되고 있다. 가족성 대장 선종성 용종증(FAP)의 대표적인 모델로 이용되고 있는 C57BL/6J-Apc$^{min/+}$계 수컷 이형접합체 형질전환 마우스를 사용하여 배추나 양배추의 주요성분인 Indole-3-carbinol(I3C)의 대장암 예방효과가 있는지를 검색하여 본 결과 AIN-76A정제사료만을 투여한 대조군의 대장선종의 발생률 84%에 비하여 I3C 100 및 300ppm을 투여한 실험군에 있어서 각군 모두 60%로서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 대장선종의 마리당 발생개수에 있어서는 대조군의 1.40$\pm$1.041를 100%로 환산하였을 경우 I3C 저농도 및 고농도 투여 실험군에서는 각각 약 61%와 94%를 나타내여 감소하였다. 특히 대장선종의 크기별 분포에 있어서 선종의 크기가 3mm이하의 수가 현저하게 감소하였다. 따라서 저농도 I3C의 투여는 실험적 유전성 가족성 대장 선종성 용종증 모델에 있어서 어느정도 암 예방효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 소장 선종의 발생에는 별 영향이 없는 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 본 실험에 사용된 C57BL/6J-Apc$^{min/+}$계 수컷 이형접합체 형질전환 마우스는 실험개시 시점이 7내지 8주령이 경과하여 이미 태생기부터 소장 및 대장의 선종 발생이 진행되어 온 것을 감안하고 특히 비스테로이드계 항염증 소염제(NSAIDS)와 같은 강력한 COX-2억제제가 아님을 고려하면, 상당한 선종의 발생을 억제할 수 있는 가능성이 매우 높다고 생각한다. 또한 이제까지 배추나 양배추 성분의 복합성분들에 대한 실험적 대장암 모델에서의 촉진효과 등에 대한 보고들이 있어 온 점을 고려할 때 위암(Kim 등, 1994) 간암(Kim 등, 1994), 유방암(Grubbs, 등, 1995; Bradlow 등, 1995)에 대한 예방효과가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 앞으로 이러한 종양조직내에서의 COX-2 및 iNOS mRNA와 단백질의 발현정도를 분자병리학적으로 연구중에 있으며, 향후 십자화과식물 성분인 indole-3-carbinol이 마우스뿐 만 아니라 랫드의 화학발암물질에 의한 대장종양에 대한 억제효과 있는지 연구 필요가 있다. Min 마우스와 같은 형질 전환(유전자결핍;knockout) 실험동물을 이용한 새로운 중기 발암성 시험범의 확립을 통한 각종 환경 유해물질의 발암성 유무 및 COX-2 억제작용이 있는 식품인자의 암예방 후보물질을 체계적으로 검색하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.599-610
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the effect of water extracts from Namhae special crops (NSC) on improved serum lipid composition using rats fed a 1% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Male Wister rats (200-210 g) were divided into six groups: Normal cholesterol diet group (Normal), 1% cholesterol diet group (Control), 1% cholesterol and NSC water extract powder supplemented groups, including, turmeric (Tu-EP), cactus (Ba-EP), aloe vera (Al-EP) and asparagus (As-EP). No significant differences were observed for food intake or body weight gain between the control and experimental groups. However, food efficiency ratio (FER) was the lowest in the As-EP group. The serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the NSC water powder extract supplement groups were lower than those in the control group. The serum high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol content in the Tu-EP group was higher than that in the other experimental groups. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol content in the As-EP group was similar to that in normal group. Furthermore, the VLDL content in the Al-EP group was lower than that in the normal group. Serum antioxidant activity by TBARS level and DPPH radical scavenging were significantly higher in the Ba-EP group than that in the control group. Hepatic total cholesterol and lipid content in the Al-EP group decreased significantly compared to that in the control group. These results suggest that the NSC water extract may reduce serum cholesterol and prevent oxidative stress by stimulating antioxidative systems in rats fed a 1% cholesterol diet.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.423-431
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• 2017

The present study was intended to orally administer aronia to rats, irradiate radiation once to the whole bodies of the rats, and conduct blood tests to observe, compare, and analyze changes in blood cells, such as leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets, in order to examine the radioprotective effects of aronia. As experimental animals, 15 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged six weeks weighing 200~250 g were taken and divided into the normal group (A) of five rats, the 5 Gy control group (B) of five rats, and the 5 Gy experimental group (C) of five rats. The normal group (A) was not~irradiated at all, the control group (B) was administered with general diets and irradiated, and the experimental group(C) was orally administered with 50 mg/kg/day of aronia two times per day to achieve a distilled water oral dose of 100 mg/kg/day and irradiated thereafter (5 Gy at 500 cGy/min) for 14 days. After the experiment, differences in leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets among the normal group (A), the control group (B), and the experimental group (C) were examined by comparing the counts of the blood cells and the results showed no statistically significant differences. However, on a detailed review, the normal group (A) showed statistically higher mean values for all of lymphocytes, hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin as compared to the control group (B) and the experimental group (C). Statistically significant differences in the counts of lymphocytes were shown between the normal group (A) and the control group (B), and between the normal group (A) and the experimental group (C); furthermore, statistically significant differences in mean corpuscular hemoglobin were shown between the normal group (A) and the experimental group (C). Given the results of the present study, in irradiated rats, aronia was generally considered as having no radioprotective effect on leukocyte, erythrocyte, and platelet while having statistically significant radioprotective effects on lymphocytes, hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Based on the present experiment, diverse studies should be conducted hereafter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1377-1384
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of different types of dietary fats and fibers on the concentrations of serum and liver lipids and biochemical index in male Sprague-Dawley rats for 6 weeks. The experimental groups were divided into three groups; 5% corn oil +5% cellulose (CO group),10% corn oil +10% psyllium husk (CO +PH group) and 10% lard +10% psyllium husk (LA+ PH group). Body weight gain and FER (food efficiency ratio%) decreased significantly in the LA+PH group and decreased slightly in the CO+PH group compared with the CO group. Food intake and tissue weights were not significantly different among the dietary groups. Concentrations of serum total cholesterol decreased significantly in the CO + PH group compared with the CO group, but no significant different in the LA + PH group. Concentrations of serum triglyceride and phospholipid decreased significantly in the CO+PH and the LA+PH groups compared with the CO group. Liver cholesterol concentration was significantly decreased in the LA+PH group compared with the CO and the CO+PH groups. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity was significantly increased in the LA + PH group compared with the CO and the CO + PH groups. However, lactate dehydrogenase and blood urea nitrogen was significantly decreased in the LA+ PH group compared with the CO and the CO +PH groups. The others biochemical parameters, total protein, albumin, glucose, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase were not significantly different among the dietary groups. These results showed that the lowering effect of dietary psyllium husk on serum lipid concentrations was more pronounced in the corn oil -feeding group than in the lard-feeding group as dietary fat source.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.1 s.102
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• pp.47-61
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• 2004

Although the purpose of orthodontic treatment is to increase the function and esthetics of the jaws along with increasing stability, there are many side effects during the treatment itself, such as root resorption and alveolar bone resorption. Such resorption of the apical root Is unpredictable, and may even proceed into the dentin layer. Once the process has begun, it is irreversible. By evaluating the effect of many oral habits, especially that of nail biting, in correlation with the root and the periodontal tissues, the appropriate biomechanics for orthodontic treatment can be taken into consideration, along with the possibility of root resorption and alveolar bone loss during orthodontic treatment, and any legal problems that might occur. Among the male and female patients of the ages $10\~15$ without skeletal deformity, 63 were chosen as the experiment group with known nail biting habits at time of examination, and within the same age group without nail biting habits as the control. After the orthodontic treatment, number of the experiment group was 31 and the control group was 22. The periapical radiographies of anterior teeth were taken and the assesment of the root length and alveolar bone level were taken before(T1) and after(T2) the orthodontic treatment. The results from this study were as follows : 1. Before the orthodontic treatment, average crown-to-root ratio of the experimental group showed noticeably high values in 4 maxillary incisors and mandibular right central incisor. 2. Before the orthodontic treatment, comparing the root length, maxillary and mandibular right central incisors and both mandibular incisors had a smaller value in the experimental group. 3. Before the orthodontic treatment, comparing and evaluating the alveolar bone loss measured from the cemento-enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest, some crestal bone of the experiment group showed greater loss than the control. 4. After the orthodontic treatment, there was shortening of the root length and loss of the crestal bone in both groups. 5. After the orthodontic treatment, the changes of C/R ratio and the shortening of root length were significantly high in the experimental group. 6. After the orthodontic treatment, the level of alveolar crestal bone showed greater loss in the experimental group.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in bone density and reduction of time consumed for osteogenesis by $PostPlant^{TM}$ Calcium and to find out efficacy of $PostPlant^{TM}$ Calcium by comparing the group prescribed with $PostPlant^{TM}$ Calcium with the group without $PostPlant^{TM}$ Calcium prescription. Material and methods: The experimental group of 18 patients with 25 dental implant placement and the control group of 7 patients with 9 dental implant placement were randomly selected from the patients who visited prosthetic department of Dankook University Dental Hospital since July, 2006 (IRB Number ; 20060710). The experimental group was instructed to take $PostPlant^{TM}$ Calcium for 6 months after the implant surgery while the control group was instructed not to. Both experimental and control group were assigned for measurement using $Osstell^{TM}$ Mentor and $Periotest^{(R)}$ and radiographic examination was performed using specifically manufactured Aluminum Step Wedge. The results were compared and analyzed. Results: 1. According to the $Osstell^{TM}$ Mentor measurement, both the experimental and control group showed increase in values as time elapses and the experimental group showed significantly higher rate of increase (P < .05). 2. According to the $Periotest^{(R)}$ measurement, both the experimental and control group showed decrease in values as time elapses. In addition, greater decrease can be seen in the experimental group but no statistical significance was found. 3. By examining the radiographic images, both the experimental and control group showed tendency of increase in bone density. In addition, greater increase can be seen in the experimental group but no statistical significance was found. Conclusion: Clinically, taking $PostPlant^{TM}$ Calcium medicine for a long period of time after implant placement is expected for a better prognosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1157-1163
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• 2005

The current study examined the effects of radish loaves powder on hepatic antioxidative system in rats fed high-cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were randomly assigned to normal group (N group), normal diet with 5$\%$ radish leaves powder supplemented group (NR group) and high-cholesterol groups, which were sub-divided into radish leaves powder free diet group (HC group) and 2.5$\%$ (HRL group), 5$\%$ (HRM group), 10$\%$ (HRH group) radish leaves powder supplemented groups. Hepatic super oxide dimutase activity was no significant differences. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity was sig-nificantly increased in 5$\%$, 10$\%$ radish leaves powder supplemented groups. Hepatic hydrogen peroxide contents in cytosol were no significantly differences Hepatic hydrogen peroxide contents in mitochondria were sig-nificantly reduced in radish leaves powder supplemented groups. Hepatic superoxide radical contents in mi-crosome were significantly reduced in radish leaves powder supplemented groups. Hepatic superoxide radical contents in mitochondria were significantly reduced in 5$\%$, 10$\%$ radish leaves powder supplemented groups. Hepatic TBARS values were significantly reduced in 5$\%$, 10$\%$ radish leaves powder supplemented groups. Hepatic lipofuscin contents were no significant difference in high-cholesterol groups. Hepatic carbonyl values were significantly reduced in 5$\%$, 10$\%$ radish leaves powder supplemented groups among high-cholesterol groups. The results indicate that radish leaves may reduce oxidative damage by activating antioxidative de-fense system of liver in rats fed high-cholesterol diets.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.345-352
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• 2020

This study compared how falls can be reduced in disabled elderly people by using the Otago exercise program and ascertained the program's effects on physical function and psychological recovery. The subjects were 30 people, and were assigned to two groups. The experimental group had 17 people, and the other was the control group that had 13 people. The experimental group attended the 50-minute program twice a week for 12 weeks. The outcome measures for lower extremity muscle strength, postural balance, flexibility, and self-efficacy were tested at the pre-test and post-test phases. In the analysis, general characteristics were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Physical function and self-efficacy were analyzed by independent T-test between the two groups, and correspondence T-tests were used within the two groups. The result of this study demonstrated that the experimental group showed significant increases in lower extremity muscle strength, static balance, flexibility and dynamic balance, and self-efficacy showed a small increase in the experimental group. But the control group showed significant decreases in static balance, flexibility and fall efficacy. The control group also showed decreases in lower extremity strength and dynamic balance. So the results of this study proved that the Otago exercise program brought about positive changes to improve physical function and psychological function to help prevent disabled elderly people from falling.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.372-382
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• 1992

당뇨병유발제인 streptozotocin이 생쥐 신장 사구체곁세포의 미세구조에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 알아보고자 일반계통인 ICR생쥐와 유전성 당뇨병계통인 KK생쥐에 streptozotocin을 투여하여 경시적으로 각 동물의 신장 사구체곁세포의 미세구조의 변화를 관찰하였다. Streptozotocin을 투여한 ICR생쥐의 사구체곁세포는 3일째부터 과립형질내세망의 미약한 팽창과 과립내에 대소 공포의 출현 및 용해소체가 간혹 관찰되었다. 그후 시간이 지남에 따라 더욱 심하여 특히 2주 및 4주에서는 과립형질내세망의 팽창, 사립체, 골지장치 및 리보소곤 등이 소수 출현하였는데 비해 대소 용해소체는 많이 관찰되었으며 심한 탈과립으로 인해 세포질내 과립의 면적이 현저히 감소되었다. 그러나 KK생쥐의 실험군에서는 전 실험군에 걸쳐 퇴행성변화가 적었으며 ICR 생쥐 실험군에 비해 그 영향이 훨씬 적었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 정상 ICR생쥐에 streptozotocin을 투여하자 되면 ICR생쥐 사구체곁세포에서 과립의 유의한 감소 및 세포내 미세구조의 퇴행성변화가 뚜렷한데 비해 KK생쥐 실험군에서는 ICR생쥐 실험군에 비해 손상을 적게 받았는데 이는 KK생쥐가 갖고 있는 당뇨병에 대한 내성에 의해 영향을 적게 미치는 것이 아닌가 추측된다.