• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.55-62
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• 2012

In this research, the algorithm for simulating specific grain size distribution(GSD) with large diameter granular material was developed using the distinct element analysis program $PFC^{3D}$(Particle Flow Code). This modeling approach can generate the initial distinct elements without clump logic or cluster logic and prevent distinct element from escaping through the confining walls during the process. Finally the proposed distinct element model is used to simulate large triaxial compression test of the rockfill material and we compared the simulation output with lab test results. Simulation results of Assembly showed very well agreement with the GSD of the test sample and numerical modeling of granular material would be possible for various stress conditions using this application through the calibration.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.316-325
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• 2014

The basic unit of school is a classroom and the aural environment of the classrooms is essential factor for education purposes. Therefore, many efforts have been undertaken for enhancing the acoustical performance of the classrooms in many countries. As a result, acoustic criteria including reverberation time and background noise level have been established in US and UK for school classrooms depending on the usage and size of the rooms. However, in Korea, there has been little researches concerning the room acoustical investigations of the classrooms. The present study investigates the current situation of the aural environment of the 15 classrooms in Korea including elementary, middle and high schools. The acoustic criteria measured include RT, $D_{50}$, STI, SNR and background noise level. As the results, it was found that the background noise levels of the schools adjacent to roads exceed the US and UK standard of 35 dB(A). Also, most schools have so low SNR that they may be interfered by noise, which may affect speech transmission. It was also revealed that some schools have longer RT than the US standard of 0.6 s, but they all have high speech intelligibility.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.92-101
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• 2016

There are many results in which acoustical conditions of a classroom play an important role for studying effects and academic achievement of students. However, there are very few guidelines or design proposals which could make appropriate acoustic environment when classrooms are built or renovated. The present study suggests various design proposals satisfying acoustic standards of classrooms based on theoretical calculation and acoustic field experiments. At first, minimum area of sound absorption was calculated which is required to satisfy the acoustic standard for domestic middle and high schools. Also, room acoustic measurements were carried out in order to investigate the acoustic performance of an existing classroom by changing interior finishing materials on ceiling and rear walls. As a result, it was revealed that reverberation time standard below 0.8 s can be acquired even if there is no sound absorption on ceiling which is a general practice executed in Korea. Specially, it was found that if partial area of ceiling would be treated as reflective with the ratio of sound absorption and reflection as 2:1, almost similar acoustic parameters of $C_{50}$, $D_{50}$, RASTI (Rapid Speech Transmission Index) and higher sound levels could be acquired in comparison with the case of entire sound absorption on ceiling.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.620-622
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• 2009

기존의 지능형 홈은 주거환경에서의 사용자의 편의성이 중심이 된 IT기술 기반의 홈 네트워크 중심 기술이었기 때문에 에너지 절감 측면에서의 기술 적용은 거의 이루어지지 않았으며 적용된 기술 또한 기술적 수준이 매우 미흡하였다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 주택 환경에서 에너지 절감 효율을 끌어올리기 위한 요소 인프라 기술을 유도해 내기 위해 실제 사용자의 생활 행위 패턴을 에너지 절감을 위한 구성 요소로 파악하여 실제 이러한 생활 패턴을 정형화 할 수 있는 데이터 베이스를 구축하기 위한 할 수 있는 테스트 모델을 셋업하였다. 이를 위해 복도, 출입구 그리고 현재 근무 중인 테이블에 조도 센서와 인체 감지 센서를 설치하였는데 조도 센서와 인체감지 센서는 하나의 그룹을 이루며 생활패턴을 파악하고 조도 값에 따라 실내등을 소등할 수 있도록 한다. 개개의 센서 노드에서 수집된 센싱 데이터는 브릿지에 있는 베이스 노드로 수집되고 이는 인터넷망을 통해 서버로 전달되어 DB 구축되어 진다. 이러한 시뮬레이션 테스트 모델을 통해 에너지 소비 상태를 파악하고 정형화 함으로써 에너지 절감을 위한 기술 구현이 가능해 진다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.1B
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• pp.162-175
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• 2010

Currently, geographical information is interpreted and adopted in a wide range of context, and used for meeting diverse demands, such as, battlefield, traffic management, or public safety. With such an explosive increase of location-based applications, a considerable amount of research on the localization technique has been carried out. Among them, RSS (Received Signal Strength)-based approach is used especially for the indoor localization due to intrinsic limitations of the indoor environment. In this paper, we perform theoretical and empirical studies on enhancing the accuracy of the RSS-based localization on the IEEE 802.15.4 network. To this end, we set up an indoor testbed and implement a localization system on it. In addition to the theoretical analysis of the localization algorithm that we used, an empirical analysis on the effect of the factors which affect the accuracy of a localization system is carried out. Finally, we suggest some critical guidelines that should be considered for building a highly accurate localization system.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.23-33
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• 2008

After the concept of apartments was introduced in 1960s in Korea, on account of the development of architectural technology and science, high-rise residences in Korea are getting higher, and these residences have been becoming high-rise commercial/residential buildings since 1990. Nowadays, as the construction of high-rise commercial residential building complex is booming, the difference between these complex and high-rise apartments is getting smaller, and these two kind of high-rise residences are becoming new residential style in Korea. And these high-rise residences are considered the symbol of wealth owing to the marketing strategy emphasizing high quality, refined interior, a fair view, and the protection of privacy. However, high-rise residences bring about many problems related to health and psychology caused by the consumption of a large amount of energy, pollutant emission, the deterioration of the quality of indoor air, and vibration. For this reason, in this study, we tried to emphasize the necessity of environment-friendly access to provide healthy living environment and to reduce the negative effect of housing life in high-rise residences, and find the method to improve environment-friendly quality and health of residents in interior space. Therefore, this study aims to detect the problems and the items to be improved of interior spaces of high-rise residences by quantitative, qualitative analysis of the evaluation elements and the floor planning elements deduced from environment-friendly architectural certification in Korea and the other countries, and suggest the guideline to improve the environment-friendly quality of these interior spaces.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.4 s.38
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• pp.117-131
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to develop objectives of Housing contents in Technology$\cdot$Home Economics by three systems of action and to find out the importance of the objectives of the teachers have taught the class. The 303 teachers from 183 middle schools replied the mail questionnaire during September, 2003. The data were analyzed by SPSS/win. The 21 objectives for each system of action were developed based on the textbooks, teachers guides, and other related references. The importance of the objectives related to communicative system of action was the highest, respectively followed by the ones related to technical and emancipatory systems of action. Indoor Environment & Equipment was more likely to be important than Maintenance & Repairs as the objectives related to communicative system of action, while Usage of Living Space was less likely to be important than the other two sub-units. The importance of the objectives was somewhat differed by the general characteristics of the teachers. The older are the more important the objectives related to technical system of action. Female, Home Economics teachers, who learned philosophy of Home Economics were more likely to think than others objectives related to communicative and emancipatory systems of action to be important. This research showed the teachers' perspectives of the objectives of Housing contents were not the same among respondents and generally supported the previous results from other contents of Home Economics.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.461-470
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• 2015

There has been a significant increase in the amount of research on reducing the lighting power consumption of buildings and also an increasing demand for technological development. Light shelf has been recognized as one of the most efficient solutions to this issue and related researches have been conducted, which have mostly focused on factors related to simple light shelves and are not suitable as an appropriate basis for the design of light shelves. Thus this study aims to establish the proper design basis for light shelves by evaluating the performance of shelves per reflection rate in indoor areas. Power consumption rate and indoor illumination intensity distribution of a testbed built based on actual living conditions were calculated for the performance evaluation, of which the results are as following: 1) Reduction of reflection rate of ceiling and walls caused average illumination intensity in summer, winter and median seasons, and evenness per reflection rate of indoor areas was found to be different in summer, winter and median seasons, making it a necessary consideration for designing light shelves. 2) Calculation of power consumption from lighting control showed that a high reflection rate of indoor areas may be suitable for power consumption reduction, and that reflection rates higher than 80% for ceilings and higher than 75% for walls in terms of the efficiency of researches on the indoor reflection rate and its application would be appropriate. This study is meaningful as the research focuses on light shelves based on considering indoor environmental factors. More studies will be required that consider a variety of factors.

• The Safety technology
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• no.189
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• pp.24-26
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• 2013

안성시시설관리공단은 2000년 7월 1일 안성시가 자본금 전액을 출자해 설립한 지방 공기업이다. 이곳은 안성 시민들의 편안한 문화생활을 돕기 위해 시민회관, 문예회관, 종합운동장, 실내체육관, 국제정구장, 국민체육센터, 청소년문화의 집 등 공공시설물을 관리 운영을 하는 것은 물론 생활폐기물 및 재활용품 수거, 종량제봉투 판매사업을 통해 쾌적한 도시환경을 조성하고 있다. 이처럼 시민의 편의와 복리증진을 위한 여러 업무를 수행하고 있는 만큼 공단의 인력 구성 역시 각종 시설물을 관리하는 전문가에서부터 중장비 기사, 프로그램 강사, 환경미화를 담당하는 미화원에 이르기까지 매우 다양하다. 때문에 공단은 사전에 업무별로 위험요소를 분석하고 근로자들의 안전사고를 예방하려는 움직임으로 더욱 분주하다. 사고 규모를 떠나서 재해가 발생하면 피해 당사자는 물론 공단, 나아가서는 안성 시민에게까지 피해를 입힐 수 있기 때문이다. 안전을 최우선으로 삼고 최상의 공공서비스를 제공하고 있는 안성시시설관리공단을 찾아가봤다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.1487-1490
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• 2002

최근 분산 컴퓨팅 환경은 급진적으로 광역화되고, 이질적이며, 연합형태의 광역 시스템 구조로 변화하고 있다. 이러한 환경은 네트워크상에 광범위한 서비스를 제공하는 통신 네트워크 기반에서 구현된 수많은 객체로 구성된다. 더욱, 지구상에 존재하는 모든 객체들은 이름이나 속성에 의해 중복된 특성을 갖는다. 이러한 같은 특성을 갖는 객체들은 중복 객체로 정의된다. 그러나 기존의 네이밍이나 트레이딩 메커니즘은 독립적인 위치 투명성이 결여로 중복된 객체들의 바인딩 서비스 지원이 불가능하다. 서로 다른 시스템 상에 존재하는 중복된 객체들이 동일한 서비스를 제공한다면, 각 시스템의 부하를 고려하여 클라이언트의 요청을 분산시킬 수 있다. 이러한 이유로 본 논문에서는 광역 컴퓨팅 환경에서 중복된 객체들의 위치 관리뿐만 아니라 시스템들간의 부하 균형화를 유지하기 위해서 최소부하를 갖는 시스템에 위치한 객체의 선정하여 동적 바인딩 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 새로운 모델을 설계하고 구현하였다. 이 모델은 네이밍 및 트래이딩 기능을 통합한 서비스에 의해 중복된 객체들에 대한 단일 객체 핸들을 얻는 부분과, 얻어진 객체핸들을 사용하여 위치 서비스에 의해 하나 이상의 컨택 주소를 얻는 부분으로 구성하였다. 주어진 모델로부터, 우리는 Naming/Trading 서비스와 위치 서비스에 의한 전체 바인딩 메커니즘의 처리과정을 나타내고, 통합 바인딩 서비스의 구성요소들에 대만 구조를 상세하게 기술하였다. 끝으로 우리의 모델을 구현하기 위해, 윈도우 운영체제와 Solaris 2.5/2.7에서 사용되는 CORBA 사양을 따르는 VisBroker 4.1과 자바 언어, SQL Server 2000 그리고 LSF를 이용하였다. 그리고 구현 환경과 구성요소에 대한 수행 화면을 보였다.ool)을 사용하더라도 단순 다중 쓰레드 모델보다 더 많은 수의 클라이언트를 수용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구팀에서 수행중인 MoIM-Messge서버의 네트워크 모듈로 다중 쓰레드 소켓폴링 모델을 적용하였다.n rate compared with conventional face recognition algorithms. 아니라 실내에서도 발생하고 있었다. 정량한 8개 화합물 각각과 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 스피어만 상관계수는 벤젠을 제외하고는 모두 유의하였다. 이중 톨루엔과 크실렌은 총 휘발성 유기화합물과 좋은 상관성 (톨루엔 0.76, 크실렌, 0.87)을 나타내었다. 이 연구는 톨루엔과 크실렌이 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 좋은 지표를 사용될 있고, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 크실렌 등 많은 휘발성 유기화합물의 발생원은 실외뿐 아니라 실내에도 있음을 나타내고 있다.>10)의 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 얻었다. 결론: $^{18}O(p,n)^{18}F$ 핵반응을 이용하여 친전자성 방사성동위원소 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 생산하였다. 표적 챔버는 알루미늄으로 제작하였으며 본 연구에서 연구된 $[^{18}F]F_2$가스는 친핵성 치환반응으로 방사성동위원소를 도입하기 어려운 다양한 방사성의 약품개발에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.었으나 움직임 보정 후 영상을 이용하여 비교한 경우, 결합능 변화가 선조체 영역에서 국한되어 나타나며 그 유의성이 움직임 보정 전에 비하여 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 뇌활성화 과제 수행시에 동반되는 피험자의 머리 움직임에 의하여 도파민 유리가 과대평가되었으며 이는 이 연구에서 제안한 영상정합을 이용한 움직임 보정기법에 의해서 개선되