• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.358-364
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• 2014

Purpose: Flexed posture commonly increases with age in older women and is characterized by an excessive curvature in the thoracic spine (kyphosis), forward head posture, and decline in height. This study was conducted in order to determine the relationship between flexed posture, physical performance, and psychosocial factors in community dwelling elderly women in Korea. Methods: Fifty-two subjects with thoracic kyphosis of $40^{\circ}C$ or greater participated in this study. Flexed posture was measured using kyphosis angle (KA), forward head posture (FHP), and round shoulder (RS), and physical performance was evaluated using the short physical performance battery (SPPB), grip strength, and static and dynamic balance. Psychosocial factors were measured using depression and the quality of life (QOL). All data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software for windows. Results: KA showed significant correlation with SPPB score (r=-0.447) and dynamic balance (r=0.426) (p<0.05) depression (r=0.405) and QOL (r=-0.464) but not with grip strength and static balance in elderly individuals. FHP and RS showed significant correlation with SPPB score (r=0.002, r=-0341) and dynamic balance (r=-0.278, r=0.346) (p<0.05) but not with psychosocial factors. Conclusion: These findings suggest that flexed posture provides meaningful information about physical performance and psychosocial factors in elderly women. Our data suggest that the flexed posture may need to be addressed as part of the health management process for elderly women.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 1997

Objectives : The behavioral and physiological effects following low doses and high doses of melatonin have not been fully explored. In this study the authors investigated the nature and extent of the hypnotic effects, oral temperature, blood pressure effects, performance effects and subjective feelings following the acute administration of low pharmacological oral doses of melatonin at mid-day. Methods : Thirty-five healthy young medical students were randomly assigned to receive 6mg of oral melatonin(N=11), 12mg of oral melatonin(N=12) or a placebo(N=12) in a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Measures of the behavioral and physiological effects used in the study were Stanford Sleepiness Scale, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Trail test and visual analogue scale for subjective feelings. Oral temperature and blood pressure were measured. The subjects were studied between 10:00 and 16:00 hours. Data were analyzed by using repeated-measures analyses of variance(ANOVA). Results: Melatonin produced statistically significant effects on oral temperature, but there were no significant effects on time and the $dose{\times}time$ interaction. There was a significant difference on oral temperature between the 12mg oral melatonin group and the placebo group at 12:00 and 16:00 hours, but no significant difference between the 12mg and the 6mg oral melatonin groups. Melatonin produced a dose-related increase in subjective sleepiness and had significant effects on time, the $dose{\times}time$ interaction. There was a significant difference on subjective sleepiness among the placebo, 6mg, 12mg oral melatonin groups at 13:00-16:00 hours. Melatonin did not produce statistically significant dose-related effects on subjective fatigue but produced significant effects on time and the $dose{\times}time$ interaction. There was a significant difference on subjective fatigue between the 12mg, the 6mg oral melatonin groups and the placebo group at 13:00 hour. Conclusions : These data indicated that acute administration of melatonin at mid-day increased subjective sleepiness and fatigue but decreased oral temperatures. These effects were shown especially in 12mg oral melatonin group.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.154-160
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• 2007

The 'spatial sense' means an intuitive feel for one's surroundings and the objects in them. The early childhood is an important period to develop the 'spatial sense'. For young children, motion is a major way of extending their spatial awareness. Consequently, an important step in spatial sense instruction involves getting the children moving. This paper proposes four motion based-contents for improving the spatial sense of young children: a bubble game, a cyber goalkeeper game, a mud-huddle game, and a shape recognition game, The proposed four games are implemented to the virtual learning environments. Also, the virtual learning environments utilize the realistic interfaces which can recognize motions of young children and then interact with the games as they do the movement at the virtual environments provided. Using the realistic interfaces not only develops young children's spatial sense but also offers them the pleasure and interest of self-study.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training on work capacity, psychologic functions and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Forteen hemodialysis patients, 3 males, 11 females, age ranged from $23{\sim}58$ years($42.3{\pm}0.4$) were selected and assessed using a modified Bruce protocol on a treadmill. The 3 months supervised exercise training consisted of 60 minites session thrice weekly on the treadmill, bicycle and arm ergometer at $40{\sim}60%$ of maximum $O_2$ consumption. The changes of maximum $O_2$ consumption, psychologic test and quality of life questionnaire in 14 patients before and after 3 months exercise training have been measured. The mean maximum $O_2$ consumption($VO_2$ max) of exercises increased by 23% after training(pre-and postexercise $26.3{\pm}4.6ml$/kg/min vs $29.8{\pm}4.9ml$/kg/min, p=0.013). There was significant reduction in anxiety score(p=0.004) and significant improvement in quality of life score(p=0.031) after training. The result of this study indicated that a structured exercise training for hemodialysis patients provides many benefits. These result suggest the exercise training can improve the work capacity, psychologic functions and quality of life outcomes in hemodialysis patients.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.533-539
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• 2024

This study investigated the effects of two exercise programs, which include exercise methods to increase muscle strength, balance, and endurance, on the balance ability and fall efficacy of elderly people, and the differences in effects according to preference. Twenty-one elderly people were divided into a group using assistive devices using elastic bands (Experimental Group 1) and a group using the body (Experimental Group 2) and an exercise program was conducted for 4 weeks. The single leg stand (SLS) and functional reach test (FRT) were used to evaluate the elderly's balance ability, and the fall efficacy scale (FES) was used to evaluate the degree of fear of falling. A pre-evaluation was conducted after a 2-week integrated exercise program, and a post-evaluation was conducted after applying the exercise program for 4 weeks. In the study results, within-group SLS, FRT, and FES analyzes all showed statistically significant improvement in the post-assessment compared to the pre-assessment. However, there were no significant differences in the comparison between groups regarding exercise program and between groups according to preference. In conclusion, in order to increase the balance ability and fall efficacy of the elderly, an exercise program must be applied, and it is necessary to use a program that is easy to apply and includes exercise methods that the elderly can easily perform.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2001

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of 38-hour sleep deprivation on fine motor performance. The Motor Performance Series (MPS) in the Vienna Test System (computerized neurocognitive function tests) was used in this study. Methods: Twenty four subjects participated in this study. Subjects had no past history of psychiatric disorders and physical illness. Subjects had normal sleep-waking cycle without current sleep disturbances and were all right-handed (Annett's Hand Preference Questionnaire: above +9 points). To minimize the learning effects, familiarization with the Vienna Test System was performed one day before the study. Subjects were to get up at 6:00 in the morning after getting enough sleep according to his or her usual sleep-wake cycle. After awakening, subjects remained awake for 38 hours under continuous surveillance. During two consecutive study days, the subjects tested MPS at 7 AM and 7 PM each day, which means the MPS was done four times in total. During the experiment, anything that could affect the subjects' sleep such as coffee, tea, alcohol, a nap, tiring sports, and all medications were prohibited. Results: In MPS, the fine motor functions of both hands decreased after 38 hours of sleep deprivation. The decrement in motor performance was prominent in the dominant right hand. In the right hand, the total number of tapping was reduced (p<.005), and the number of misses (p<.05) and the length of misses (p<.05) of line tracking, the total length of inserting a short pin (p<.01), the total length of inserting a long pin (p<.05), and the number of misses in aiming (p<.05) increased. Such performance decrement was distinct in the morning sessions. Conclusions: These results suggest that fine motor performance decrement during sleep deprivation is predominant in the right hand, which exerts maximal motor function. The finding of decrement in motor function in tapping during sleep deprivation also suggested that the time required for exhaustion of muscles is shortened during sleep deprivation. More deterioration of motor performance was shown in the morning, which could be explained as circadian rhythm effects.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.71-76
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• 2009

서론(Introduction) : 의학 시뮬레이션(medical simulation)은 교육생 학습과정에서 내재된 위험이 환자에게 가해짐 없이 교육생이 실제적인 환자 상황을 경험할 수 있게 하고 여러 다양한 임상내용이 포함한 상황에 적용될 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 기술의 사용은 의학교육(medical education), 인증서(certification), 면허교부(Licensure)와 의료의 질 형성에 큰 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 복강경 수술, 내시경검사, 전문심장구조술, 응급기도관리와 외상소생을 포함한 다양한 임상시술의 수행에서 시뮬레이션이 교육생의 술기를 달성하고, 측정하고, 유지하는 유효성을 증명하였다 컴퓨터로 조절되는 시뮬레이터는 맥박, 혈압, 호흡, 대화가 가능하고, 중증질환 또는 외상환자의 치료에 필요한 같은 인명구조 시술을 수행할 수 있다. 의학 시뮬레이션은 의사, 간호사, 응급구조사와 응급 진료를 필요로 하는 환자를 치료하는 사람에게 필요하다. 최신 전문심장구조술 과정수업은 전통적인 강의와 제한된 팀 상호작용이 포함된 이틀 과정이다. 우리는 비 영어권 국제 응급구조학생의 전문심장구조술 술기능력을 알아보고, 그것을 미국 응급구조학생과 비교하고자 한다. 목적(Objective) : 이 연구의 목적은 다양한 전문심장구조술 증례 시나리오를 가진 의학 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 미국과 한국의 응급구조 학생의 능력을 비교하는 것이다. 시행 장소(Site Location) : 이 연구는 한국 제주도에 위치한 제주한라대학 스토니브룩 응급의료교육원에서 진행되었다. 학생들의 평가는 스토니브룩에 위치한 스토니브룩 대학 의료원의 한 명의 평가자(Dr. lee)에 의해 수행되었다. 방법(Methods) : 15명의 한국 응급구조학생들은 세 팀으로 무작위로 선정하였다. 5명이 한 팀이 되어 같은 증례의 시나리오를 받았다. 세 가지 시나리오는 : 첫째, 천식지속상태(Status asthmaticus), 둘째, 긴장기흉을 동반한 만성폐쇄성폐질환(COPD with tension penumothorax) 그리고 마지막으로 메가코드(megacode)를 가진 심정지 이다. 세 팀을 각각 그리고 기본인명구조술(BLS)과 전문심장구조술(ACLS)과정을 마친 미국 응급구조학생들과 비교하였다. 15명의 미국 응급구조학생들 또한 세 팀으로 무작위로 선정하였다. 이 응급구조 학생들은 플러싱병원 의료원 소속으로 그곳에서 이 연구에 참여할 뿐만 아니라 지속적인 의학교육(CME)이수를 받았다. 이들에게도 같은 세 가지 증례의 시나리오가 주어졌고 Dr lee는 총 여섯 팀을 평가하였다(한국 세 팀과 미국 세팀). 결과(Results) : 양 국가의 모든 15명의 학생이 의학시뮬레이터를 사용하여 전문심장구조술 메가코드시험을 포함한 시험에 모두 통과하였다. 비록 학생들을 무작위로 세 팀으로 나누었지만 한 팀이 이 모든 세 증례에서 다른 팀보다 뛰어났다. 제주한라대학 2번 팀은 더 나은 기도관리, 리듬인식과 임상술기를 가진 모든 중요한 활동을 얻기에서 우수했다. 그들은 핵심요구사항을 90% 이상 충족시겼다. 한국의 2번팀(G2K)은 메가코드에서 기도개방, 호흡평가, 순환징후 그리고 흉부압박수와 같은 신체검진 술기에서도 탁월했다. 게다가 다른 팀과 비교 시 리듬인식, 약물지식과 임상술기에서도 높은 점수를 받았으며 2번팀(G2K)이 6팀 중에 가장 뛰어나게 역활수행을 하였다. 결론(Conclusion) : 이 비교 연구에서 한국학생과 미국학생간에 전문심장구조술 메가코드 시험의 통과율에는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 미국학생은 세 팀 사이에 더 적은 변이로 더 일괄된 점수를 받았다. 한국학생들도 모든 세 가지 증례를 통과하였지만 이 세 팀은 미국학생 팀보다 점수에서 더 큰 변이를 보였다.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.543-563
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• 2020

As people age and their physical functions are declined, they stay longer in the home, thus being more affected by the home environment. Many studies have shown the association between the home environment and health. However, little is known about the effect of the home environment on disability and depression of older people with functional limitation. This study, therefore, aimed to examine the moderating effect of the home environment on the pathway between walking limitation and instrumental activity of daily living(IADL) disability, and the relationship between IADL disability and depression. We performed logistic regression and multiple linear regression analyses with data on 3,027 participants from the 2018 Seoul Aging Survey. As results, first, older people who lived home with poor conditions showed a higher risk of walking limitation(OR=1.487, 95% CI: 1.250 - 1.770), IADL disability(OR=1.594, 95% CI: 1.303 - 1.949), and depression(OR=1.943, 95% CI: 1.553 - 2.430). Second, the home environment moderated the relationship between walking limitation and IADL disability. Older people with walking limitation who lived in poor housing condition experienced more IADL disability than others. Third, after controlling for walking limitation, the home environment had significant moderating effect on the relationship between IADL disability and depression. Elderly with IADL disability living in poor home experienced higher risk of depression. Based on these results, the study suggests the necessity of home modification intervention targeting functional limitation of older adults as strategy for preventing disability and depression, and enabling aging in place.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.15-27
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• 2022

An omnidirectional VR treadmill is a highly-immersive walking simulator that allows identical body movements, such as walking, running, and sitting. However, the operation difficulty of an omnidirectional VR treadmill may cause data reliability problems. Therefore, this study aims to verify the effectiveness of a VR treadmill by comparing the ability to orient in the real and virtual worlds spatially. For this purpose, a rotating and searching path experiment was conducted with participants. This experiment showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the ability of the participants to orient in the real and virtual worlds spatially. In addition, the omnidirectional VR treadmill requires an adaptation time for the users due to the difficulty in the treadmill operation. However, there was no significant difference in the difficulty felt by the participants according to the adaptation time. Hence, these findings supported the possibility of collecting realistic walking data without safety concerns through an omnidirectional VR treadmill. Furthermore, this treadmill could be used in future research to solve problems directly related to pedestrian safety, such as the interaction between vehicles and pedestrians.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.217-229
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning of menopausal age experienced by middle-aged men and to understand the nature of menopause perceive. Data were collected using the qualitative research method and Colaizzi's method was used to analyze. The results of the study showed that six categories and 19 themes and 44 themes of Physical changes, Psychological changes, Changes of work performance, Positive changes, Climacteric perception, Overcoming menopause The results of this study are expected to use basic data for the development and application of nursing intervention program from a future perspective.