• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2007

Purpose: The morphological study and dynamic stability of the ulnar nerve around the elbow joint was investigated in asymptomatic normal population using ultrasonography. The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental data for ultrasonographic diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy in cubital tunnel syndrome. Materials and Methods: Fifty cases of 25 healthy male volunteers, aged between 20 to 30 years, included in this study. High resolution 7.5 MHz linear probe was used to examine the ulnar nerve in axial and longitudinal views. In a longitudinal view, the course, position and the thickness of nerve were monitored, the diameter of ulnar nerve and dynamic stability at elbow flexion and extension were measured in an axial view at four different points; 1cm proximal to medial epicondyle, behind the medial epicondyle, entrance to Osborne ligament, and 1cm distal to Osborne ligament. Results: The short diameters of ulnar nerve at elbow extension at four anatomic points were 2.66 mm, 2.97 mm, 2.64 mm, and 2.69 mm and the long diameters were 4.61 mm, 4.56 mm, 4.36 mm, and 4.37 mm, which showed no significant change at each point. However, at elbow flexion, the short diameters were changed to 2.72 mm, 2.34 mm, 2.65 mm, and 2.41 mm and the long diameters into 4.49 mm, 5.40 mm, 4.16 mm, and 4.66 mm. At elbow flexion, significant morphologic change was observed in the medial epicondyle area, and the diameter of the ulnar nerve was shortest at the entrance of Osborne ligament both at flexion and extension. In terms of dynamic stability, nine subluxations and seven dislocations were observed. Conclusion: This study shows dynamic instability and a morphological change of long and short diameters of ulnar nerve at flexion and extension in a normal person, which should be considered in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy.

• Journal of Korean Historical Folklife
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• no.34
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• pp.253-281
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• 2010

This study has its purpose on figuring it out to the religious notion in Vietnam with the material of the divinity construction of Den Hang Pho in Sapa where is the northern region of Vietnam. To make this, the study divides the type of Vietnamese temples into four parts; Chua, Den, Dinh, and Mieu. Among them, the study pays attention to 'Den' because Vietnamese historical heroes are seated as divinity. This reason makes a reasonable case to this study to figure out a typically and generally religious faith. First of all, the study analyzes immaculate divinity, which generally consists of three and four layered system. The study confirms that the immaculate divinity started from the goddess and then extended to the concept to dominate the sky, the ground, the sea(river), and the mountain(forest). General Tran Hung Dao is the best historical hero in Vietnam and has been placed in temples called Den. The study exams the context that the divinity extended to the religious beliefs, for examples, the belief related in a childbirth by lots of narrations and ceremonies and the belief to treat a sickness, and also exams the context that the divinity placed in a divinity to make a symmetrical relation with immaculate faith. The study exams the divinity construction of Den Hang Pho as its authentic case. In this case, the study could verify a case emphasized by mountain Holy Mother among immaculate faiths. Especially, the study can confirm that General Tran Hung Dao was apotheosized as a concept to be symmetrized with immaculate divinity, and futhermore, a couple of snakes was emphasized by their positioning to every room. Tri-system lays stress on the aboriginality(locality) centered on minority races in the northern Vietnam, the national identity of Vietnam, and the ecological condition of rivers flowing the valley of high and steep peak. The confirmed facts could be said to a construction what the religious notion of tri-system makes. The study makes a conclusion that this kind of conversion-oriented religious notion naturally corresponded with region, nation, and ecologically environmental condition, and extended to the Vietnamese faith with polytheistic divinity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1556-1566
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Nurida-Ball exercise on isokinetic muscle function, spinal alignment, and dynamic balance capacity in middle-aged men. All middle-aged men(n=16) were divided into 2 groups: Ball exercise(BE, n=8) and control(CON, n=8) group. BE group performed the Nurida-Ball exercise(30 min/day, 3 days/week, 8 weeks) and isokinetic knee and trunk muscle function, spinal alignment, and dynamic balance capacity were measured. All of the measured variables calculated the mean and standard deviation and verified normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The independent t-test method and the Paired t-test method were then analyzed to identify differences between groups. This study found that isokinetic knee and trunk muscle function was significantly strengthened in the BE compared with CON group by increasing peak torque(PT) of right and left knee extension(60°/sec, p<0.01, respectively), average power(AP) of right and left knee extension(60°/sec, p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively), and PT of right knee flexion(180°/sec, p<0.05) and AP of right knee extension(180°/sec, p<0.05). In the change of isokinetic trunk muscle function, only PT of trunk extension(180°/sec) was increased in the BE compared with the CON group(p<0.05). In addition, Nurida-ball exercise can improve the spinal alignment by reducing the trunk inclination(p<0.05) in the BE compared with the CON group. Finally, dynamic balance capacity was also enhanced in the BE compared with the CON group by decreasing the score of overall balance index(OBI, p<0.01) and Antero-posterior balance index(p<0.05) in the Stage-6, and OBI(p<0.05) in the Stage-1. This result demonstrated that Nurida-ball exercise may improve spinal alignment, dynamic balance capacity, and isokinetic muscle function, which might be an effective way for the improvement of health-related fitness in middle-aged men.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.2 s.233
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• pp.318-324
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• 2005

Theoretical efforts are performed to extend the formulation of NSLT(New Shear Lag Theory) for the prediction of the elastic modulus in short fiber composite. The formulation is based on the elastic stress transfer considering the stress concentration effects influenced by elastic modulus ratio between fiber and matrix. The composite modulus, thus far, is calculated by changing the fiber aspect ratio and volume fraction. It is found that the comparison with FEA(Finite Element Analysis) results gives a good agreement with the present theory (NSLT). It is also found that the NSLT is more accurate than the SLT(Shear Lag Theory) in short fiber regime when compared by FEA results. However, The modulus predicted by NSLT becomes similar values that of SLT when the fiber aspect ratio increases. Finally, It is shown that the present model has the capability to predict the composite modulus correctly in elastic regime.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.171-171
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• 2008

발음성 삼두근 증후군은 주관절을 굴곡하거나 신전할 때 삼두근 말단부 일부와 척골 신경이 내상과 전방으로 탈구되는 드문 질환이다. 이학적 검사 만으로는 다른 질환으로 오진되는 경우가 많아 정확한 진단이 필수적이며 확진을 위하여는 척골 신경 및 삼두근의 비정상적인 움직임을 관찰할 수 있는 영상 검사가 필요하다. 초음파 검사는 자기 공명 영상 촬영 등 다른 검사에 비해 간편하고 효과적으로 연부 조직의 동적 검사를 시행할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 저자들은 발음성 삼두근 증후군 환자를 동적 초음파 검사를 사용하여 진단하고 척골 신경 전방 전위술 및 삼두근 내두의 이전술을 시행하여 치유하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 초음파 검사의 유용성을 보고하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 1996

To compare the treatment effects of back exercise on functional status, spinal mobility, SLR, pain severity, and treatment results satisfaction, and to determine whether spinal exercises during the low back pain reduces recurrent episodes of back pain. 1. Flexion and extension exercise groups did not differ in any outcome over 4weeks. After 1 week. both exercise groups had reduced disability score, a higher proportion returning to work, and fewer subjects with a positive SLR compared with the control group. 2. There was no difference among groups regarding recurrence of low back pain after $6{\sim}12$ months. 3. There was no difference for any outcomes between the flexion or extension groups. However, either exercise was slightly more effective than no exercise when patients with low back pain were treated.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-102
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• 2010

This paper examines a mechanism of the Electronic Territory Expansion and the Information-oriented Society. Especially, a strategy for the territory development based on intelligence is suggested. The strategy is divided into a strategy for the domestic electronic territory and a plan for the global electronic territory. To examine the strategy and the plan, this paper is using the causal map analysis based on the System Thinking Approach. The causal map of the mechanism is characterized by a positive feedback loop. The paper has concluded that it is important to make the positive loops as a virtuous circle. It means that when a society dominates the advantageous position firstly in the field of intelligent and electronic territory, the competitiveness can grow in arithmetical progression.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.117-138
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• 1994

기술의 발전과 함께 경제적 측면에서 전기통신은 사회기반구조의 중추적인 일부로 자리잡고 있으며, 궁극적으로는 전세계적인 단일 통신시장이라는 기치아래 각국의 통신시장 개방요구가 점차 확산되고 있다. 이와 맥을 같이 하여 가장 큰 시장을 형성하는 서비스의 최종이용자 장치 즉 단말장치에 대한 규제가 완화되어가고 있는 등 통신시장은 세계화 추세에 있다. 이의 일환으로 자국의 통신질서 유지를 위해 적용되고 있는 단말장치 형식승인제도에 대해 양국 또는 다국간의 국제적 차원에서 상호 공통으로 적용가능한 상호인증제도를 위한 전략수립에 비중을 두고 활동이 전개되고 있다. 본고는 우리나라 전기통신과 깊은 관계를 유지하고 있는 미국 중심의 북미자유무역협정(NAFTA) 체결국중에서 최근 신전기통신법 통과로 관심을 모으고 있는 캐나다에 대해 인증절차와 인증 기술기준 등을 포함한 형식승인제도 전분야를 분석하고 향후 수립될지 모르는 캐나다와의 상호인증을 위한 기초자료로 활용코자 한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.73-78
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• 2004

The conventional SLT(Shear Lag Theory) which has been proven that it can not provide sufficiently accurate strengthening predictions in elastic regime when the fiber aspect ratio is small. This paper is an extented work to improve it by modifying the load transfer mechanism called NSLT(New Shear Lag Theory), which takes into account the stress transfer across the fiber ends and the SCF(Stress Concentration Factor) that exists in the matrix regions near the fiber ends. The key point of the model development is to determine the major controlling factor among the material and geometrical coefficients. It is found that the most affecting factor is the fiber/matrix elastic modulus ratio. It is also found that the proposed model gives a good result that has the capability to correctly predict the elastic properties such as interfacial shear stresses and local stress variations in the small fiber aspect ratio regime.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.621-624
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• 2000

중량물을 다루는 작업들 중 허리를 이용한 들기 작업은 LBP(Low Back Pain) 및 기타 상해들을 유발한다. 실제 작업장에서 허리 상해에 대한 문제가 중요하게 부각됨에도 불구하고, 허리근육을 대상으로 피로회복의 효과에 대한 연구가 적절하게 제시되고 있지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 이같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 Sub-maximal상태에서 유발된 근육의 피로가 초기 상태로 회복되기 위한 휴식시간을 EMG를 통하여 정량적으로 산정하였다. 그 결과, 휴식시간에 따른 피로 회복이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 본 결과는 허리요소작업이 들어 있는 실제작업장에서 작업의 반복에 따른 적절한 휴식시간을 정량적으로 제시하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공함으로써 허리에 관련된 근골격계 질환을 예방하고자 하는데 이용될 수 있는 것으로 기대한다.