• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 2005

Purpose: In case of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, graft tendon is generally fixed in tibial tunnel with knee extended. When reconstructing ACL using hamstring tendon, the authors aim to find out the effect of knee joint position during graft fixation on postoperative knee joint stability and range of motion. Materials and Methods: Prospective study was done on patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon from May 2002 to January 2003 We used Rigifix system (Mitek Product, Johnson and Johnson, USA) and Intrafix system for fixation. Thirty nine patients received ACL reconstruction during this period. Excluding 2 patients lost in the follow-up, 37 patients were analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 14 months $(13{\sim}25months)$. Knee position was decided alternatively without any bias. Clinical evaluation was based on Lachman test, pivot shift test, Lysholm score, IKDC(international knee documentation committee) assessment and side to side KT-1000 maximal manual arthrometer difference. Results: After the last follow-up, average postoperative Lysholm score was 93.1 poins(65-98points). According to IKDC score, 26 cases were normal, 10 cases were nearly normal, 1 case was abnormal and we had no case of severe abnormality. The mean difference from the normal side was 2.5 mm under maximal manual loading KT-1000 arthrometer. According to postoperative Lachman test, 32 cases were normal,2 cases were grade I and 1 case was grade II. There were 34 cases of normal, 2 cases of grade I and 1 case of grade II. When using maximal manual KT-1000 arthrometer side to side difference, the difference from the normal side while fixing the tibia at 20'knee flexion was 2.3 mm and at full extention the difference was 2.7 mm. The range of motion at postoperative 1 year showed 5 degree flexion contracture in 1 case at 20 degrees knee flexion and 10 degrees of flexion limitation was observed in 2 cases at full extension. Conclusion: When ACL reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendon, anterior laxity showed no difference in its stability between two groups. Tibial side fixation at full extension may be helpful in preventing flexion contracture due to overconstrained graft tendon.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.223-239
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• 1989

To observe the change in the status of stresses according to three different postural angulation of an intervertebral disc with or without nucleus pulposus, 6 specimens of a 3-dimensional photoelastic model of the s pine were made of epoxy. The nucleus pulposus portion was replaced with silicon in three models, and the three were made without silicon. Through axial application of a vertical compressive load of 8kg, the peculiar patterns of the isochromatic fringes were observed. Stresses on the intervertebral disc were analyzed according to three different postural angulations of the intervertebral disc with the nucleus pulposus and without the nucleus pulposus. The results of these study are as follow : 1. In an erect neutral posture with the nucleus pulposus, the stress concentration was much increased at the posterior portion rather than at the anterior portion. Also, the high stress was concentrated at the medial and central portion. In an erect neutral posture without the nucleus pulposus, the stress concentration was much increased at the anterior portion rather than at the posterior portion and the stress distribution seemed to be locally concentrated. 2. In a maximal flexed posture, the stress concentration was much increased at the posterior portion rather than at the anterior portion. Comparing the presence of the nucleus pulposus with the absence of the nucleus pulposus, the stress concentration was lower at the anterior portion in the presence of the nucleus pulposus than in the absence of the nucleus pulposus. However, the stress distribution at the posterior portion was nearly same in the two groups. According to the analysis of the stress distribution diagram, as a whole, the stress pattern around the disc was evenly distributed. 3. In a maximal extended posture, the higher concentration of the stress distribution at the anterior and medial portion rather than in the posterior and lateral portion was observed. The stress concentration was higher in the presence of the nucleus pulposus than in the absence of the nucleus pulposus. 4. Comparing the maximal flexed posture with the erect neutral posture, the stress concentration in the flexed posture was much decreased in the posterior portion rather than in the erect neutral posture, and an even distribution of the stress pattern in the flexed posture was observed. 5. In the presence of the nucleus pulposus, at the anterior and posterior portion, the stress concentration in the flexed posture was much decreased compared with the extended posture. In the absence of the nucleus pulposus, at the anterior and posterior portion, the stress concentration in the extended posture was much decreased compared with the flexed posture.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.393-401
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• 1998

Based on clinical observations, it is suspected that the bone-tendon origin is the site where piratical failure, leading to pathophysiological changes in the humeral epicondyle after repetitive loading, is initiated Mechanical properties and failure patterns of the common extensor and flexor tendons of the humeral epicondyle under static and repetitive loading have not been well documented. Our goal was to determine mechanical properties of failure strength and strain changes, to correlate strain changes and the number of cyclic repetitions, and to identify the failure pattern of bone-tendon specimens of common extensor and flexor tendons of the humeral epicondyle. Mechnaical properties of human cadaver bone-tendon specimens of the common extensor and flexor tendons of the humeral epicondyle were tested under two different loading rates. No statistically significant difference in ultimate tensile strength was found between male and female specimens or between slow (10 mm/sec) and fast elongation (100 mm/sec) rates. However, a statistically significant difference in ultimate tensile strength between the common extensor (1190.0 N/$cm^2{\pm}$388.8) and flexor 1922.0 N/$cm^2{\pm}$764.4)tendons was found (p<0.05). When loads of 25%, 33%, and 41% of the ultimate tensile strength of their contralateral sides were applied, the number of cycles required to reach 24% strain change for the common extersor and flexor tendons were approximately 8,893, 1,907, and 410, respectively. The relationship between cycles and loads was correlated ($R^2$=0.46) Histological observation showed that complete or partial failure after tensile or cyclic loadings occurred at the transitional zone, which is the uncalcified fibrocartilage zone between tendon and bone of the humeral epicondyle. Sequential histological sections revealed that failure initiated at the upper, medial aspect of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon origin. Biomechanical and hstological data obtained in this study indicated that the uncalcified fibrocartilage zone at the bone-tendon origin of the common extensor and flexor tendons is the weak anatomical structure of the humeral epicondyle.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2020

Purposes: The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between the standing position of the subject and the normal standing position(NSP) and the straight standing position(SSP) and to investigate the possibility of different body shape test results depending on the status of the image inspection apparatus. Methods: The images of the NSP and SSP were compared with each other by body line BLS system. Results: At the time of examination, the position of the camera was captured at a position 2.3 m vertically from the posterior position 45 cm behind the subject. This is a privacy protection method for covering the breast of the subject. Results: The physiological characteristics of the anatomical position of the body align image test are the living body. NSP and SSP tests showed different shapes of the pelvis AS(antero-supero) and pelvis rotation in the transverse plane. Shoulder and arm displacement was observed in the trunk extension image capture. Conclusions: In the body alignment test, the pelvis position test images of NSP and SSP are evaluated differently for pelvis rotation, AS, and PS. At the extension position of the trunk, a test of the maximal extension range showed that the left and right shortening of the shoulder anterior muscles could be observed. Inducing and testing the trunk extension is also useful.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.254-260
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• 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between the knee function at 1 year postoperation and the gap difference (90° flexion gap-extension gap) in total knee replacement. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two consecutive osteoarthritis knees that underwent primary total knee replacement using navigation from March 2017 June 2017 were evaluated prospectively. The gap was measured using navigation after reducing the patella with towel clips. After checking the average values of the medial and lateral gaps at extension and 90° flexion knee, the gap difference (90° flexion gap-extension gap) was calculated. The knees were divided into three groups according to the gap difference (gap difference<0 mm, 0 mm≤gap difference<2 mm, 2 mm≤gap difference). The Knee Society score (KSS) and maximal knee flexion were compared at 1 year postoperation among three groups. Results: The numbers of knees according to groups were 37, 29, and 16 knees in regular order. The average of the KSS knee, KSS function, and maximal knee flexion at the 1-year follow-up were 81.21±8.31, 71.34±9.84, and 126.48°±7.28°, respectively. No statistically significant difference in KSS was observed among the 3 groups. The third group (2 mm≤gap difference) showed a larger maximal knee flexion than the other groups in the Mann-Whitney test. Conclusion: The group of total knee replacement (2 mm≤90° flexion gap-extension gap) showed larger maximal knee flexion than the other groups at the 1-year follow-up in statistics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2014

This paper tries to examine whether the application of joint mobilization to subjects who have the forward head posture due to malalignment in the cervical joint has influence on posture changes and functions in the cervical joint. The subjects were 39 students from G University in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The cervical joint mobilization was applied to 20 subjects and not to 19. The students with a cervical lordosis angle of $21^{\circ}C$ or less, an anterior weight bearing (AWB) of 15mm or greater, and a cervical extension ROM of $70^{\circ}C$ or less in terms of radiography were selected as subjects under their voluntary agreement. The patients actively performed the joint mobilization slowly 8 times per session while therapists continuously applied sustained accessory glide to their painful joints 3 times per week for 4 weeks along with the cervical expansion and flexion in SNAGS among other Mulligan's (1995) techniques. The measurement was carried out in terms of radiographic inspection and neck disability indexes. As a result of the experiment, it turned out that the subjects with the forward head posture had changes in the cervical AWB and ARA, the ranges of expansion and flexion, and the NDI(Neck Disability Index) after the intervention for the experimental group by applying cervical joint mobilization. There were no changes observed in the control group. In conclusion, the application of joint mobilization turned out to have influence on the improvement of cervical joint postures, and craniocervical region functions.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.839-847
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of ankle flexibility, gender, and Q-angle on the ankle joint injury factors during one leg drop landing. For this study, 16 males(age: 20.19±1.78 years, mass: 69.54±10.12 kg, height: 173.22±4.43 cm) and 16 females(age: 21.05±1.53 years, mass: 61.75±6.97 kg, height: 159.34±4.56 cm) in their 20's majoring in physical education using the right foot as their dominant feet were selected as subjects. First, an independent t-test of joint motion and joint moment according to the experience of ankle injury was conducted to determine the effect of physical characteristics on ankle joint injury during one leg drop landing(α = .05). Second, the variable that showed a significant difference through t-test was set as the dependent variable, and the ankle flexibility, gender difference, and Q-angle were designated as independent variables to use Multiple Linear Regression(α =. 05). As a result of this study, it was found that the group that experienced an ankle joint injury was found to use a landing strategy and technique through adduction of the ankle joint and internal rotation of the knee joint, unlike the group without an injury. It was also confirmed that this movement increases the extension moment of the ankle joint and decreases the extension moment of the hip joint. In particular, it was found that the dorsi flexion flexibility of the ankle affects the ankle and knee landing strategy, and the gender difference affects the ankle extension moment. Therefore, it was confirmed that physical characteristics factors affecting ankle joint injuries during one leg drop landing.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.679-690
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between neck posture and range of motion and neck disability index(NDI) in young adults with reduced cervical lordosis. This study selected 34 young adults with cervical lordosis reduced (Cobb's angle less than 35 degrees). The assessor measured neck flexion, extension, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left rotation, right rotation and forward displacements of all subjects using cervical of range motion instrument, Then, the NDI was evaluated. After all assessments, degree for cervical lordosis was divided into two groups: bottom group(severe cervical lordosis) and top group(mild cervical lordosis). The bottom group was significantly higher in Cobb's angle, extension, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left rotation, right rotation and forward displacement compared to the top group (p<.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in flexion, NDI(p >.05). In comparison of subscale of NDI, top group was significantly higher in pain, lifting, and headache than bottom group (p <.05). In correlation analysis, Cobb's angle showed significant positive correlation with flexion, extension, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left rotation and right rotation(p<.05), and showed significant negative correlation with forward displacement, NDI(p<.05). Cobb's angle showed a significant negative correlation with pain, lifting, and headache of subscale of NDI(p<.05). The findings of this study potentially suggest that neck posture may affect the cervical range of motion and pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.479-486
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of upper thoracic joint mobilization technique using Kaltenborn-Evjenth concept on the range of cervical and thoracic motion and pain in patients with chronic neck pain. The subjects were divided into a thoracic joint mobilization group(n=7) and a conservative physical therapy group(n=7). Each of the groups received thoracic joint mobilization or conservative physical therapy three times a week lasted for four weeks. The measurements were performed for the range of thoracic segmental motion(SpinalMouse), the pain(visual analogue scale) and the range of cervical joint motion(Inclinometer, Dualer IQ). They were made four times: before experiment, at 2weeks, 4weeks, and 4weeks after experiment.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.907-913
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• 2011

Low-fat and full-fat Mozzarella cheeses were manufactured using ultraflterated-concentrated cow milk with a bacterial cell count of 100, 000 CFU/mL to study the properties of browning, oiling-off, stretchability, and meltability of the cheeses during 3 mon of refrigerated storage. The properties of browning, oiling-off, and stretchability of UF-Mozzarella cheese were affected by fat content, addition of starter and rennet (add 50, 65, and 80% compared with the control, respectively), and baking temperature (280, 300, and $320^{\circ}C$) (p<0.05). The browning and oiling-off scores increased with an increase in baking temperature and lengthen of storage time, but some undesirable results also occurred. The stretchability score improved with an increase in baking temperature, but the gradient decreased with the length of storage time (p<0.05). The meltability score was affected by fat content, concentration factor, and storage period (p<0.05). The result of this study demonstrated the applicability of UF-milk in making Mozzarella cheese with high quality and good palatability.