• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.91-93
• /
• 2015

A 6-month-old, castrated male, Korean short-haired cat was referred with intermittent hematuria. Physical and laboratory examination including complete blood count and serum biochemistry profiles showed no specific findings. Ultrasonography revealed a cystic lesion of the mid-abdomen, which was approximately $2{\times}2cm$ in size. FNA cytology of cystic fluid showed numerous cholesterol crystals of varying size and shape and granulomatous inflammation. CT examination showed fluid-filled large cystic lesion in the left side of the abdomen. Taken together, this case was diagnosed as unilateral (left) renal dysplasia and cystic inflammation led by cholesterol crystallization in the left kidney.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.162-170
• /
• 2011

We tested the hypothesis that an improved nutritional environment increases the size of stature sexual dimorphism (SSD) by comparing mean height changes in North and South Korean adults. For the first round of sampling, those North Korean refugees who had reached the age of 20 years before leaving North Korea were selected for the study. Then, two birth-year cohorts born between 1955 and 1959 and between 1980 and 1984 were finally selected for the analysis (383 males and 529 females). North Korean refugee mean height data were compared to the mean height of the comparable South Korean population derived from 2004 Korean size results (373 males and 429 females). The results of the analysis showed that there was no increase in mean height among the refugees, either in males or females, between the two birth-year cohorts. As a result, no change in SSD was observed between the two birth-year cohorts. In contrast, South Koreans showed a remarkable increase in height, with males having a greater increase during the corresponding 25 years. Consequently, South Korean SSD increased significantly with time. These results support the hypothesis that improved nutritional quality increases SSD.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.25-28
• /
• 2013

There have only been 35 pediatric cases and one adult case reported on segmental multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) from our search in PubMed, including 19 cases detected antenatally. There is little documentation of segmental MCDK, particularly concerning its natural history. Segmental MCDK can be presented atypically, making diagnosis more difficult. We report an another case with segmental MCDK. Multicystic abdominal mass detected on antenatal sonogram in this infant was diagnosed as segmental MCDK by renal ultrasonography and computed tomography. If a definitive diagnosis of segmental MCDK can be made on imaging, surgery is not required for a diagnostic biopsy.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2006

Purpose : Conservative management of multicystic dysplastic kidney(MCDK) without nephrectomy has recently been advocated. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical course of conservatively managed MCDK and to find out possible predictive factors for involution of MCDK by ultrasonography(US). Methods : A retrospective analysis was made on 45 patients(26 boys and 20 girls) in whom MCDK was detected and had been traced by US between Dec. 1993 and Aug. 2005 at Severance Hospital. Results : Median follow-up time was 30 months(range 2-102 months). All patients under-went radionuclide scans and voiding eystourethrograms. The serial follow-up US showed complete involution in 11(24%), partial involution in 19(41%), and no interval change or increased in cyst size in 13(28%) patients. Nephrectomy was done in 3 patients(7%) due to relapsing urinary tract infection(UTI) and severe abdominal distension. The mean age of complete involution of MCDK was 37 months(range 12-84 months). Episodes of UTI were present in 17 patients(37%) and additional genitourinary(GU) abnormalities were found in 22 patients(44%). Hypertension and renal insufficiency was complicated in one patient. No child developed malignant tumor. Univariate analysis showed that five variables were associated with complete involution of the MCDK; gender, site, UTI episode, additional GU abnormalities, and renal length on initial US. After adjusting using the Pearson model, the presence of additional GU abnormalities was exclusively associated with complete involution among the 5 variables(P=0.034). Conclusion : In our review of 46 cases of MCDK, non-surgical approach for patients with MCDK was advisable and we could predict poor prognosis when MCDK is associated with other GU anomalies.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.266-271
• /
• 2002

There are several diseases characterized by neurologic abnormalities and renal disease. Joubert syndrome is one of them. Joubert syndrome Is a relatively rare autosomal recessive syndrome. The most significant and constant neurologic finding is hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis. Joubert syndrome is associated with hypotonia, retinal dystrophy, abnormal eye movement, delayed development, abnormal respiratory pattern (neonatal episodic tachypnea or apnea) and nephronophthisis. We report a boy with Joubert syndrome associated with nephrocalcinosis and agenesis of the cerebellar vermis. This patient had also abnormal eye movement, hypotonia, abnormal respiratory pattern, delayed development and chronic renal failure.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.85-87
• /
• 2011

The opportunistic human pathogen Candida albicans has the ability to convert from yeast-form to pseudohyphal or true hyphal form. The morphological transition is considered as an important virulence factor, because the decrease or lack in dimorphism causes the reduction of virulence. Our previous study revealed that the disruption of dual specificity kinase gene caused the reduction of dimorphism in C. albicans. Therefore we tested the effect of dual specificity kinase in virulence using mouse model. The mean survival time for kinase-defective strains was about 15 days in comparison with those of wild-type, 3.9 days. Moreover the fungal burden on kidneys for kinase-defective strains was decreased by ten-fold than that for wild-type. These results suggest possible involvement of dual specificity kinase in a novel signal transduction pathway for morphological transition and virulence of C. albicans.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.464-470
• /
• 2009

Purpose : This study assessed the incidence and outcome of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) detected by prenatal ultrasonography Methods : There were 906 cases of CAKUT detected by prenatal ultrasonography and postnatally confirmed at the Asan Medical Center from October 1989 to October 2007. We investigated the incidence and outcome of these cases by reviewing medical records retrospectively. Results : The order of incidence was hydronephrosis, multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK), duplex kidney, vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR), single kidney, hydroureteronephrosis, ectopic kidney, polycystic kidney, ureterocele, and posterior urethral valve (PUV). There were 520 cases (57.4%) of hydronephrosis, and 20% of these needed an operation due to significant obstruction. MCDK was associated with other CAKUT in 25.4% of all cases. Approximately 57.9% of duplex kidney cases needed surgical treatment due to ureterocele and VUR. VUR had a male: female ratio of 10:1. Two out of seven cases of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney had progressed to chronic renal failure. Patients with PUV were relatively uncommon, and one out of nine cases progressed to end-stage renal disease. Conclusion : CAKUTs detected by prenatal ultrasonography were composed of various anomalies, and almost all of them had a good outcome without any intervention. However, in some cases, recurrent urinary tract infection or renal failure occurred, especially in bilateral cases. For further management, a long-term multicenter study is needed to investigate the precise incidence and outcome of each anomaly in the general population.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 1997

There have been many recent reports that unilateral renal agenesis and multicystic dysplastic kidneys are accompanied by contralateral vesicoureteral reflux leading to its injury. We grouped the children with unilateral renal agenesis, renal hypoplasia, multicystic dysplastic kidney into abnormal unilateral renal development and investigated whether it was accompanied with contralateral vesicoureteral reflux. We retrospectively reviewed 96 pediatric cases of unilateral renal agenesis, hypoplasia, multicystic dysplastic kidney diagnosed at Shinchon Severance Hospital, Yongdong Severance Hospital from 1987 to 1996 and Ajou University Hospital from 1994 to 1996. Diagnosis was based on radiological findings, renal hypoplasia being defined as small renal size with no apparent renal scarring and no irregularity of the calyceopelvic system on abdominal sonography or intravenous pyelography. Among the 96 cases,48 cases carried out voiding cystourethrography. 58 cases were male(60%) and 38 cases were female(40%). The cases of abnormal unilateral development on the left side were 45(47%) and that on the right side were 51(53%). Although there were diverse reasons leading to diagnosis, the major ones included were prenatal sonography, urinary tract infection, and other congenital anomalies. In cases of unilateral renal agenesis & hypoplasia the leading factors were urinary tract infection & other congenital anomalies and in cases of multicystic dysplastic kidney that was prenatal sonography. There was a chronological gap between the mean age of diagnosis(1.8 year) and voiding cystouerthrography(2.5 year, P < 0.01). 9 of the 18 unilateral renal agenesis cases, 5 of the 11 unilateral renal hypoplasia cases, and 3 of the 19 unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney cases showed contralateral vesicoureteral reflux. Average reflux grade was above G III.Among the 17 children who had contralateral vesicoureteral reflux, 3 children had chronic renal failure and ureteroneocystostomy was carried out in 6 children. From the above results we conclude that screening voiding cystourethrography should be performed in children with abnormal unilateral renal development for early detection of vesicoureteral reflux in the contralateral kidney.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
• /
• 1998.04a
• /
• pp.106-110
• /
• 1998

최근 용융방사섬유의 제조에 이용되고 있는 고속방사법은 높은 신장속도하에서 일어나는 배향결정화에 의한 섬유구조형성을 목적으로 하는 방사법으로, 방사선에서의 동력학은 폴리머의 열특성, 냉각거동 및 방사선상에서 작용하는 응력 등의 많은 인자에 의해 영향을 받는다. 복합섬유란 특수한 복합방사장치를 이용하여 두 개의 폴리머가 동시에 압출되어 하나의 필라멘트를 형성하도록 방사한 섬유로써 권축섬유, 열융착형섬유, 이형단면섬유, 전도성섬유, 초극세섬유 등 특수한 섬유의 제조에 이용되기 때문에 그 상업적 관심도가 크다[1].(중략)

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 1998

Purpose : Lots of congenital anomalies of urinary tract including hydronephrosis are detected in fetus and neworn by popular use of prenatal ultrasonography. But there are little data available in Korea about natural course of hydronephrosis diagnosed antenatally by ultrasonography. So we intended to help management of these patients by analizing the follow up data of the neonates with hydronephrosis diagnosed antenatally. Methods : We evaluated 22 patients with neonatal hydronephrosis(33 renal units) who were diagnosed prenatally and confirmed postnatally. Especially patients with suspected ureteropelvic junction obstruction were followed regulary with renal ultrasonography and diuretic renography for 8-24 months. Results : 1) The etiologies of neonatal hydronephrosis diagnosed prenatally were suspected ureteropelvic junction obstruction($69.9\%$), vesicoureteral reflux($15.1\%$), primary megaureter($3.0\%$), double ureter with ureterocele($3.0\%$), ureteral stricture($3.0\%$), multicystic dysplastic kidney(3.0$\%$), and ureterovesical junction obstruction(3.0$\%$). 2) The follow up results of 23 renal units of suspected ureteropelvic junction obsruction: Except 4 renal units with palpable abdominal mass, of the remained 19 renal units, 14 units($73.6\%$) were improved spontaneously, 3 units($15.7\%$) remained stable, only2 units($10.5\%$) were aggravated. Conclusion : We concluded that in most cases of hydronephrosis there is no need for immediate surgery, and that nonoperative approach, using serial ultrasonography and diuretic renogram, is safe management of neonatal hydronephrosis diagnosed anteratally.