• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.2 s.91
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• pp.143-153
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• 2002

The bonded orthodontic retainer constructed from composite and multistrand orthodontic wire provides an esthetic and efficient system for maintained retention. This study was designed to measure shear bond strength of bonded retainers and to suggest a optimal combination of a multistrand wire and bonding method used when bonded retainer was fabricated. 160 sound maxillary and mandibular premolars were used for 80 test samples. After Uniformizing bonding area, length of wire, and thickness of composite, multistrand wire was bonded to fabricated a bonded retainer by direct or indirect bonding method. Shear bond strength and extension length of each sample were measured by a universal testing machine. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In vitro shear bond testing found 6-stranded, 0.0155 inch wires to have the largest shear bond strength and 3-stranded, 0.0195 inch wires to have the least shear bond strength. But, These difference was not statistically significant(p<0.05). 2. In vitro extension testing found 3-stranded, 0.0155 inch wires to have the largest extension length and 3-stranded, 0.0195 inch wires to have the least extension length(p<0.05). The larger diameter wire was used, the larger extension length was shown. But, the strand of wire is not related to the extension length of wire. 3. In comparison with direct bonding method, larger shear bond strength and extension length was shown in indirect bonding method(p<0.05).

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.184
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• pp.33-37
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• 2005

신장이 여러 가지 이유로 제 기능을 하지 못하면 혈액 내에 노폐물이 쌓이며, 수분과 전해질의 불균형, 소변량의 감소, 부종, 고혈압 등의 증상이 나타난다. 신장질환은 종류가 많고 증상과 예후도 각기 다르므로 치료방법 및 식사조절도 이에 맞도록 해야 한다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.227-238
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• 2010

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of growth hormone treatment (GHT) on craniofacial growth in children of short stature. Methods: Nineteen untreated children of short stature were referred from the Pediatric Department, Yeungnam University Hospital as a subject group. All subjects had lateral cephalograms taken before, after 1 year and after 2 years of growth hormone treatment. As a reference group, we selected 19 normal children with paired sampling who matched the subjects' age and sex, from the Department of Orthodontics, Kyungpook National University Hospital. Results: Before GHT, anterior cranial base length and upper posterior facial height, posterior total facial height, mandibular ramus length, and mandibular corpus length were significantly smaller in the reference group. In angular craniofacial measurements, saddle angle and mandibular plane angle were larger. SNA and SNB were smaller in the reference group. After two years of GHT, growth hormone accelerated growth in several craniofacial components. The posterior total facial height, the anterior, posterior cranial base length, and the mandibular ramus length were increased. And the difference in mandibular plane angle and ANB values compared with the reference group was decreased. Conclusions: GHT over 2 years leads to a craniofacial catch-up growth tendency, which is pronounced in interstitial cartilage and condylar cartilage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.369-374
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• 2000

메밀가루를 이용한 빵을 만들기 위하여 밀가루에 메밀가루를 10,20,30%를 혼합한 반죽과 30% 메밀복합분에 글루텐, ascorbic acid 및 HPMC를 혼합한 반죽들의 amylogram, farinogram 및 extensogram의 특성을 측정하였으며 SEM을 이용한 반죽의 구조도 관찰하였다. Amylograph에 의한 호화개시온도, 최고점도 및 최고점도시의 글루텐, ascorbic acid 및 HPMC의 의해 감소하는 경향이었다. Farinograph에 의한 흡수량은 메밀가루의 참가량이 많을수록 약간씩 감소하였고, 글루텐을 첨가하였을 경우에는 증가하였으나 HPMC에 의해서는 오히려 감소하였다. 반죽형성시간은 메밀가루의 혼합비율이 높을수록 점차 짧아졌고 첨가제에 의해서는 증가하였다. Extensograph에 의한 발효특성은 메밀가루의 첨가량이 많을수록 신장도와 신장에 대한 저항도는 감소하였으나 첨가제사용에 의해 증가하였으며 특히 글루템에 의해 신장저항도와 반죽의 강도가 높게 나타났다. 또한 SEM에 으한 반죽의 구조는 메밀가루의 혼합비율이 높아질수록 규칙적인 protein matrix를 형성하지 못하고 구형의 큰 전분입자와 작은 전분입자들이 엉겨서 덩어리진 상태로 혼합되어 있었으며 첨가제에 의해 전분입자와 단백질matrix 상호간에 결합상태가 개선되었으며 특히 첨가제 중 글루템은 밀가루 반죽과 유사하였으므로 빵의 부피 및 제빵성을 향상시켜 줄 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.196-201
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to confirm the validity of predictive equations for the calculation of basal energy expenditure (BEE). One hundred twenty female college students were participated in this study. The resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry for 30 minutes following an 12 hour overnight fasting. Among the available equations for predict BEE, Harris-Benedict, WHO/FAO/UNU and Cunningham methods were selected. Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for the equation of predicted BEE. The mean of measured REE was 1257.2$\pm$147.9 kcal/day, while the predicted value by Harris-Benedict, WHO/FAO/UNU and Cunningham were 1373.3$\pm$45.4 kcal/day, 1290.0$\pm$61.7 kcal/day and 1187.6$\pm$49.2 kcal/day, respectively. The Cunningham equation was more closed to measured values than Harris-Benedict and WHO/FAO/UNU equation by the correlation coefficient. Comparing Pearson's correlation coefficients, fat-free mass (FFM), body surface area (BSA) and body weight were higher than others such as height, body mass index (BMI), fat and fat%. The FFM's correlation coefficient was the highest as 0.74. Thus, the conclusion of this study suggested that the main determinant of BEE was FFM, and we derived a prediction equation as follows: BEE=-569.86+48.27 (FFM).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.100-106
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• 1983

This experiment was conducted to study a cause of lodging on culm internode. The rice varieties were undergone on injuries by typo on 'Agnes' on Jeonbug Provincial in 1981 year. Long-culmed varieties had extreme lodging injury but short-culmed varieties were not serious. The lodging had weaken tolerance when culm internode was long, weight of internode per unit length was light, and culm diameter and culm wall were thin. The breaking weight of internode was light in lodging rice field. The internode length and the weight of internode per unit length between the breaking weight of internode had significant correlation. Lodging had high tolerance when the total nitrogen was low, phosphate, silica, cellulose and starch contents were high in internode. The difference of culm length and the weight of internode per unit length was high relationship with lodging.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.77-91
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 반안면왜소증 환자의 하악골 신장술시 초기 치아골격 특성들 중에서 치료결과의 차이에 기여하는 인자를 찾는 것이다. 치료전의 치아골격 특성, 골신장술의 효과와 그 유지상태를 관찰하기 위하여 골신장술 직전(T0), 직후(T1), 추적 2년후(T2)에 측모와 정모 두부방사선 계측사진을 촬영하여 전후방, 수직치아, 비대칭 항목들을 계측하였다. T2 시기의 계측 결과에 따라서 환자들을 1군(양호군, 10명)과 2군(불량군, 9명)으로 분류하였다. 두 군에서 각 시기와 T0-T1, T1-T2 동안의 변화량의 차이를 Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed independent t-test, rank test, ANOVA test를 사용하여 분석하였다. pruzansky type이 골신 장술의 성공과 실패 여부와 관계가 깊게 나타났다. T0 시기에 2군은 1군에 비하여 하악골이 후방위치되었고, 하악지 고경(ramus height)이 짧았고, 하악각(gonial angle)이 컸으며, 이환측 하악지가 내측경사되었고, 이환측으로의 이부변위(chin point deviation)가 크게 나타났다. 1군에서 골신장술의 주요한 효과는 하악지 고경의 증가, 하악골의 전방위치, 하악각의 증가, articular angle의 감소에 따른 하약골의 반시계방향 회전, 이환측의 하악지 경사의 증가, 교합면경사와 이부변위의 개선으로 나타났다. 그러나 2군에서는 골신장술을 시행했을 때 1군에 비하여 하악골이 시계방향으로 회전되었고 하악지 고경의 증가량이 작게 나타났다. T2 시기에 2군에서는 하악골의 반시계방향 회전이 나타났고, 하악지 성장이 일어나지 않았으나, 1군은 반대의 경향을 보였다. 이러한 인자들이 골신장술 결과의 차이에 기여하는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.6-14
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• 1963

YIM, Kyong Bin (Coll. of Agriulture, Seoul National University) Effect of neutron and gamma irradiation on the germination of diploid and tetraploid rye seeds. Kor. Jour. Bot. VI(3):6-14, 1964. Tetraploid rye, Secale cereale 4x, was more tolerant to fast nuetron than diploid rye. Root growth was more suppressed than was seedling height in both diploid and tetraploid rye. A stimmulative effect on the dry weight of the shoot could be observed at very low doses of irradiation. It was the fact that the lower the moisture content of the seeds, the higher the radiosensitivity. Concerning seedling height growth, the effectiveness ratio of N/X equalled about 20.0 in diploid rye and about 18.2 in tettraploid rye, when the 50% dose ratios is used for this quotient calculaiton.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.375-382
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence, and determine factors associated with metabolic syndrome risk among kidney transplantation recipients. This study data were collected by means of retrospective chart reviews for 111 kidney recipients at an organ transplantation center in South Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test or chi-squared test, and Pearson's correlation or Point biserial correlation. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our subjects was 65.8%. Metabolic syndrome was related with age, body mass index of before and after Kidney transplantation, and smoking. Study results indicate that intervention for modifying individual lifestyle behaviors is required to prevent and reduce their prevalence of metabolic syndrome after kidney transplantation.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 1998

Purpose: The purpose of our study is to provide useful information for me-asurement methods of childhood obesity and to provide clinical significance of bioelectrical impedance analysis. Methods: We measured height, weight, waist to hip ratio, skinfold thickness and bioelectrical impedance from 206 elementary students in Kwangju from May to July 1997. Results: In males; 1) There were statistically high correlations between tri-ceps skinfold thickness and body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (%BF), weight, Rohler index (RI), total fat weight (TFW), waist to hip (W/H) ratio, height, lean body mass (LBM) (all, p<0.001). 2) There were statistically high correlations between subscapular skinfold thickness and BMI, RI, weig-ht, %BF, TBW (all, p<0.001). 3) There were statistically high correlations between %BF and BMI, triceps skinfold thickness, RI, TFW, subscapular skinfold thickness, weight (all, p<0.001). In females; 4) There were statistically high correlations between triceps skinfold thickness and BMI, weight, LBM, height, %BF (all, p<0.001). 5) There were statistically significant correlations between subscapular skinfold thickness and BMI, weight, LBM, RI, height. 6) There were statistically high correlations between percentage of body fat and BMI, RI, triceps skinfold thickness. The percentage of body fat according to the bioelectrical impedance analysis highly correlated with that calculated by skinfold thickness in males (r＝0.57, p<0.01) and in females (r＝0.30, p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of our study suggests that bioelectrical impedance analysis is a useful method of estimating body fat in the childhood obesity.