• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.23-35
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• 2003

An analytical diffusion model for flood routing with backwater effects and lateral flows is developed. The basic diffusion equation is linearized about an average depth of (H + h), and is solved using the boundary conditons which take into account the effects of backwater and lateral flows. Scouring phenomenon around pier which affects on the support function of pier and the stabilization if river bed is a complex problem depending on flow properties and river bed state as well as pier geometry. therefore, there is no uniting theory at present which would enable the designer to estimate, with confidence, the depth of scour at bridge piers. The various methods used in erosion control are collectively called upstream engineering, HEC-RAS Model, underwater blasting. They consist of reforestation, check-dam construction, planting of burned-over areas, contour plowing and regulation of crop and grazing practices. Also included are measures for proper treatment of high embankments and cuts and stabilization of streambanks by planting or by revetment construction. One phase of reforestation that may be applied near a reservoir is planting of vegetation screens. Such screens, planted on the flats adjacent to the normal stream channel at the head of a reservoir, reduce the velocity of silt-laden storm inflows that inundate these areas. This stilling action causes extensive deposition to occur before the silt reaches the main cavity of the reservoir.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.165-194
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• 2005

This study is to explore how TV drama describes divorce process by the reason of extramarital relationship in the drama. To explore this subject, 30 drama synopses delineating extramarital relationship were analyzed. The results revealed that most of the couples had difficulties in emotional relationship and communication. The couples relationship was described traditionally patriarchal: husbands showed their authorities and wives showed dependency on their husbands. The partners of extramarital relationship were the lovers before current marriage. The patterns of extramarital relationship included 'intention to look for vitality despite satisfying current marriage' for the husbands and 'intention to avoid dissatisfied current marriage temporally' or 'to maintain marriage despite dissatisfaction' for the wives. For those who married 6 years and longer, more extramarital relationship was accepted as a terminator of the marriage. And in many cases, the divorce dose not mean to maintain the relationship with extramarital partner but to collapse of trust in partner. The results imply that the social work needs to be more sensitive to middle-class couples' communication and relationship problems. This will lead to the development of the social work intervention program for the couples.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.11-11
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• 2000

이동통신기술의 급격한 발달로 고주파회로의 packaging과 interconnect 기술의 고성능화 와 저가격화에 대한 새로운 도전이 요구되고 있다‘ 대부분 기존의 무선통신 부품은 P PCB(Printed Wiring Board)기술을 활용하고 있으나 이러한 기술이 점차로 고주파화되는 경 향을 만족시킬수 없어 새로운 고주파 부품기술이 요구되고 있는 실정이다 .. RF 회로를 구성 하기 위하여 PCB소재의 환경적, 치수안정성 문제를 극복하기 위하여 L TCC(Low T Temperature Cofired Ceramics)기술이 최근 주목을 받고 있다. 차세대 이동통신 기술은 수십 GHz 이상의 고주파특성이 우수하고, 고성능의 초소형의 부품을 저가격으로 제조할수 있으며, 시장의 변화에 기민하게 대처할수 있는 기술이 요구되 고 있으며, 이러한 기술적 필요성에 부합할수 있도록 LTCC 기술이 제안되었다. 이러한 C Ceramic Interconnect 기술은 높은 신뢰성을 바탕으로 fine patterning 기술과 저가의 m metallizing 기술로 가능하게 되었다. 초고주파 통신부품기술은 미국과 유럽 등을 중심으로 G GHz 대역또는 mm wave 대역의 기술에 대하여 치열한 기술개발 경쟁을 벌이고 있으며, 이 러한 고주파 패키징 기술을 바탕으로 미래의 군사, 항공, 우주 및 이동통신 기술에 지대한 영향을 미칠수 있는 기반기술로 자리잡을 전망이다. L LTCC 기술은 기존의 후막혼성기술에 비하여 공정이 단순하고 대량생산이 가능하고 가 격이 비교적 저렴하다. 또한 다층구조로 제작할수 있고, 수동소자를 내장할수 있어 회로의 소형화와 고밀도화가 가능하다. 특히 무선으로 초고속 정보를 처리하기 위하여 이동통신기 기의 고주파화가 빠르게 진행됨에 따라서 고분자재료에 비하여 고주파특성이 우수할뿐아니 라 환경적, 치수안정성이 우수한 세라믹소재플 사용함으로써 고주파 손실율을 저감할 수 있 다 .. LTCC 기술은 후막회로 기술과 tape dielectric 기술이 결합된 기술이다. 표준화된 소재 와 공정기술을 활용하여 저가격으로 고성능소자플 제작할 수 있으며, 전극재료로서 높은 전 도도를 갖고 있는 Ag, Cu, Au 및 Pd! Ag릎 사용함으로써 고주파 손실을 저감시킬 수 있다. L LTCC 기술이 최종적으로 소형화, 고기능 고주파 부품기술로 지속적으로 발전하기 위하여 무수축(Zero shrinkage) 소성기술, 광식각 후막기술 등이 원천기술로서 확립될 수 있어야 하 며, 특히 국내의 이동통신 기술에 대한 막대한 투자에도 불구하고 차세대 이동통신 부품기 술에 대한 개발은 상대적으로 미흡한 실정이므로 국내에 LTCC 관련 소재공정 및 부품소자 기술에 대한 개발투자가 시급히 이루워져야 할 것으로 판단된다. 본 발표에서는 지금까지 국내외 LTCC 기술의 발전과정을 정리하였고, 현재 이 기술의 응용과 소재와 공정을 중심으로한 개발현황에 대하여 조사하였으며, 앞으로 LTCC가 발전 해야할 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.58-67
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• 2003

Many adult diseases(cerebral apoplexy, athymiait, etc.) result from hypertension, blood circulation disturbance and increment of HBP. In early diagnosis of these diseases, MRI, X-ray and PET have been used rather aim for treatment than prevention of a disease. Since, cerebral apoplexy and athymiait have been caused to the regular/irregular persons, it is very important to measure HBP which has connection with cerebral blood low state. HBP has more diagnosis elements than that of BP. So, we can diagnose accurate hypertension by measuring of HBP. But, existing sphygmomanometers and automatic BP monitors can not measure HBF, and can not execute complex function(measuring of BP/HBP, blood flow improvement). The purpose of this paper is to develop the system and algorithm which can measure BP/HBP for accurate diagnosis. Also, we extracted diagnosis factors by the correlativity analysis of BP/HBP. The maximum pressure of HBP corresponds to 62% that of BP, the minimum pressure of HBP corresponds to 46% that of BP. Therefore, we developed the multi function automatic blood pressure monitor which can measure BP/HBP and improve cerebral blood flow state.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.95-107
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• 2016

Ground water is one of important parameters in the designs of underpass structures because urban areas are characterized by soil ground which is relatively permeable than rock ground and a high level of ground water due to low elevation. Therefore, it is important properly to predict variations of the ground water when they can affect underpass structures. In this study, a series of numerical analyses are performed to predict the variations of ground water levels considering the degree of surface imperviousness and LID(Low Impact Development) application. In turn the stability of underground structure is assessed using predicted ground water level. The results show that an increase in the impervious surface area decreases the ground water level. The application of permeable pavement as a LID facility increases the ground water level, improving the infiltration capacity of rainfall into the ground. Seasonal variations of the ground water level are also verified in numerical simulation. The results of this study suggest that reasonable designs of underpass structures can be obtained with the suitable prediction and application of the ground water level considering the surface characteristics.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.979-990
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• 2016

This study presents a nonlinear finite element procedure involving a phenomenological model to validate the tensile strain capacity of the X80 line pipe developed for the strain-based design purpose. The procedure is based on the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model, which models nucleation, growth and coalescence of void volume fraction occurred inside a metal. In this study, the user-defined material module (UMAT) is implemented in the commercial finite element platform ABAQUS and is applied to the nonlinear damage analysis of steel specimens. Material parameters for the nonlinear damage analysis of base and weld metals are calibrated from numerical simulations for the tensile tests of round bar and full thickness specimens. They are then employed in the numerical simulations for SENT (Single Edge Notch Tension) test and CWPT (Curved Wide Plate Test) and in the simulations, the tensile strain capacities are naturally evaluated. Comparison of the numerical results with the experimental results and the conventional empirical formulae shows that the proposed numerical procedure can fairly well predict the tensile strain capacity of X80 line pipe. So, it is readily expected to be effectively applied to the strain-based design procedure.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2007

Auxiliary support systems such as the reinforced protective umbrella method have been applied before tunnel excavation to increase ground stiffness and to prevent the large deformation. However, determination procedure of geotechnical parameters along the construction sequence contains various errors. This study suggests a method to characterize the time-dependent behavior of pre-reinforced zones around the tunnel using elastic waves. Experimental results show that shear strength as well as elastic wave velocities increase with the curing time. Shear strength and strength parameters can be uniquely correlated to elastic wave velocities. Obtained results from the laboratory tests are applied to numerical simulation of tunnel considering its construction sequences. Based on numerical analysis, initial installation part of pre-reinforcement and portal of tunnel are critical for tunnel stability. Result of the time-dependent condition is similar to the results of for $1{\sim}2$ days of the constant time conditions. Finally, suggested simple analysis method combining experimental and numerical procedure which considering time-dependent behavior of pre-reinforced zone on tunnel would provide reliable and reasonable design and analysis for tunnel.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.1258-1268
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• 2005

While the concept of Home Network is laying by and its interests are increasing by means of digitalizing of the information communication infrastructure, many efforts are in progress toward convenient lives. Moreover, as information household appliances which have a junction of connecting to the network are appearing over the past a few years, the demands against intellectual Home Services are increasing. In this paper, by being based upon Multimedia which is an essential factor for developing of various application services on ubiquitous computing environments, we suggest a simplified application model that could apply the information to the automated processing system after studying user's behavior patterns using authentication and access control for identity certification of users. In addition, we compared captured video images in the fixed range by pixel unit through some time and checked disorder of them. And that made safe of user certification as adopting self-developed certification method which was used 'Hash' algorism through salt function of 12 byte. In order to show the usefulness of this proposed model, we did some testing by emulator for control of information after construction for Intellectual Multimedia Server, which ubiquitous network is available on as a scheme so as to check out developed applications. According to experimental results, it is very reasonable to believe that we could extend various multimedia applications in our daily lives.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1045-1051
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• 2005

We developed an orofacial pains diagnosis/therapy system which can enlarge a therapy effect through a new stimulation. Contrary to its established method, this therapy system(DDTS-1) is a treating method which absorbs a surplus ion charge- the cause of an outbreak of a pain-of the human body using a capacitor. Absorbing a surplus ion charge of the human body with effect, it obtained optimal parameters which is control signal to control charging/discharging a capacitor to be 6Hz, and capacitance to be $0.1\~0.33{\mu}F.$ Through clinical demonstration, experimented on among patients-namely dental pain patients, joint disorders patients, and trigeminal neuralgia patients to verification of system. In result, an EAST stimulater had a very low change of abnormal potential against normal potential before/after being placed under medical care. DDTS-1 showed obvious differences that two potentials are one and the same potential or one potential is similar to the other one. DDTS-1 comparing with EAST showed the remedial value of the comparative advantage in all the medical treatment of pains. Therefore, stimulation of DDTS-1 is more effective than the existing electric stimulation. We verified its validity of ion charge absorption in the human body using capacitor which presented the present thesis. That is, we verified theoretical adequacy of control action in a pain, and its efficiency as well as confidence.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2011

지난 세기동안 지구 평균 기온이 상승함에 따라 대기 중에 차지하는 수증기 함유량 또한 증가 추이를(7%/$^{\circ}C$) 보이고 있으며, 이는 전 세계적으로 수문 순환 패턴의 변화를 초래한다(IPCC, 2007). 그 중에서도 강수 특성의 변화는 궁극적으로 유출량의 변화를 초래하며, 이는 수자원 총량의 변화로 이어지게 된다. 특히, 여름철에 대부분의 강수 현상이 집중되는 우리나라의 경우 육지의 70% 정도가 산악 지형으로 이루어진 복잡한 지리적 영향으로 집중호우 시 홍수가 일시에 유출되어 이에 따른 인적 물적 피해가 해마다 되풀이 되고 있다. 수자원은 인간 생활과 밀접한 관계에 있기 때문에 이러한 극심한 기후변화에 의한 피해를 최소화하기 위해 수계단위의 효율적인 물관리가 필수적이다. 따라서 한반도 내 주요 강(한강, 금강, 영산강, 섬진강, 낙동강)을 중심으로 수계별 강수량 및 유출량의 장기 특성 변화를 살펴보고자 한다. 장기간의 자료를 보유하고 있는 기상청 산하 27개 지점의 시간 강수량 자료 및 국가 수자원관리 종합정보시스템에서 제공하는 장기유출 자료를 수집하여 수계 평균값을 산정하고, 각 수계별 강수량 및 유출량의 장기 추이 및 변동성, 상관도를 알아보고자 하였다. 최근 36년 동안(1973~2008년) 모든 수계에서 연총강수량이 증가하는 추이를 보였으며, 한강 수계에서 유의수준 5% 내에서 가장 높은 증가율(약 10 mm/yr)을, 섬진강 수계에서 가장 낮은 증가율(약 4 mm/yr)을 나타냈다. 여름철 집중호우(20 mm/hr 이상) 빈도 분석 결과, 모든 수계에서 호우 빈도의 증가 경향이 뚜렷함을 볼 수 있다. 특히, 최근 10년간(1999~2008) 호우빈도의 변화를 살펴보면 섬진강 수계의 경우 총 60번으로 가장 많았고 상대적으로 낙동강 수계에서 35번으로 가장 적었다. 여름철 무강수일수(강수량이 0.1 mm 미만인 일수)의 경우 모든 수계에서 거의 완만한 감소추세를 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. 1970~2001년간 연총유출량의 경우 한강 및 금강 수계의 경우 증가하는 경향을 나타내는 반면 섬진강 수계의 경우 오히려 감소하며, 영산강 및 낙동강 수계에서는 뚜렷한 변화를 볼 수 없었다. 월별 유출량의 경우 모든 수계에서 7월, 8월, 9월에 집중되며, 한강 수계에서 8월, 그 외 수계에서는 7월에 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 향후 장기적인 관점에서 바라 본 강수량과 유출량의 관계에 관한 추가적인 연구를 통하여 신뢰성 있는 기후변화에 따른 수자원 영향 평가에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.