• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.183-200
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• 2022

A variety of simulation approaches based on automated driving technologies have been proposed to develop traffic operations strategies to prevent traffic crashes and alleviate congestion. The maneuver of simulated autonomous vehicles (AVs) needs to be realistic and be effectively differentiated from the behavior of manually driven vehicles (MVs). However, the verification of simulated AV maneuvers is limited due to the difficulty in collecting actual AVs trajectory and interaction data with MVs. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology to evaluate the suitability of AV maneuvers based on both driving and traffic simulation experiments. The proposed evaluation framework includes the requirements for the behavior of individual AVs and the traffic stream performance resulting from the interactions with surrounding vehicles. A driving simulation approach is adopted to evaluate the feasibility of maneuvering of individual AVs. Meanwhile, traffic simulations are used to evaluate whether the impact of AVs on the performance of traffic stream is reasonable. The outcome of this study is expected to be used as a fundamental for the design and evaluation of transportation systems using automated driving technologies.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2021

The high-level Space Situational Awareness (SSA) objective is to provide to the users dependable, accurate and timely information in order to support risk management on orbit and during re-entry and support safe and secure operation of space assets and related services. Therefore the risk assessment for the re-entry of space objects should be managed nationally. In this research, the Software for Re-Entry Prediction of space objects (SREP) was developed for national SSA system. In particular, the rate of change of the drag coefficient is estimated through a newly proposed Drag Scale Factor Estimation (DSFE), and is used for high-precision orbit propagator (HPOP) up to an altitude of 100 km to predict the re-entry time and position of the space object. The effectiveness of this re-entry prediction is shown through the re-entry time window and ground track of space objects falling in real events, Grace-1, Grace-2, Tiangong-1, and Chang Zheng-5B Rocket body. As a result, through analysis 12 hours before the final re-entry time, it is shown that the re-entry time window and crash time can be accurately predicted with an error of less than 20 minutes.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.59-88
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• 2021

The National Assembly of the Republic of Korea recently enacted laws to fortify sanctions about data manipulation of pharmaceutical companies. The medicine approval system is the result of legislative efforts to prevent accidents that caused damages to patients' life and health. The medicine approval system is based on the trust that the data submitted by pharmaceutical companies is not manipulated. The Supreme Court of Korea clarified that strict standard shoud be required to secure the medicine safety in Supreme Court Decision 2008Du8628 decided November 13, 2008. We agree. This paper suggest legislation to weaken the economic incentives for pharmaceutical companies to choose data manipulation by minimizing the expected profit. In addition to revoking the marketing authorization of the medicine, the 'unfair' profits the pharmaceutical company has earned must be recovered. In addition, in order to increase the possibility to discover data manipulation, it is necessary to strengthen the review capacity and to activate the whistle-blowing.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.116-131
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• 2022

With the recent progress of the 4th industrial revolution, the logistics industry is also making efforts to introduce smart logistics, and various attempts are being made to spread logistics informatization, which is the core of smart logistics. Among these, blockchain technology is considered as a technology that will contribute to the spread of logistics informatization and is being applied to various fields. Accordingly, in this study, to discuss the applicability of blockchain technology to the logistics industry, the characteristics of blockchain technology were defined, related cases were reviewed, and a survey was conducted on the possibility of application in the industry. Blockchain technology can be defined as having the characteristics of economic feasibility, speed, transparency in terms of work efficiency, and scalability, decentralization (decentralization), reliability (security) in terms of added value creation. It was confirmed that many are being introduced in the fields of distribution, finance, personal information, and public services. As a result of the survey on the logistics industry, it was confirmed that the level of informatization of the logistics industry had entered the stage of generating profits by using information, but the industry was passive in sharing and utilizing information due to concerns about information leakage. Nevertheless, the awareness and expectation of the need for informatization is high, and it is expected that the informatization of the logistics industry and realizing smart logistics based on it will advance one step further with the introduction of blockchain technology in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.81-92
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to present an approach to the "Digital Health Passport" (DHP), which will be the most important in the change of the travel industry among the sudden environmental changes brought about by COVID-19. To this end, this study reviewed a variety of empirical literature on DHP, and proposed a framework for DHP based on literature review. The framework is composed of travel intention, health information provision intention, and new technology acceptance/adoption of tourists. First, in terms of travel intention, providing information to DHP should not undermine the travel intention of the travelers. It should be possible to facilitate the travelers' enjoyment by using the information provided by the traveler. In addition, there is a need to assure that the data provided by travelers is managed in a reliable way. Second, it is necessary to understand why the travelers want to provide additional personal information (information disclosure), rather than seeing healthcare information only in terms of mandatory information provision. Finally, from the perspective of new technology, it is necessary to understand the intention of travelers to use/adopt DHP. The key implication of this work is that it proposed a DHP framework for realizing the travel bubble to predict and respond to foreign travelers' behaviors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.538-544
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• 2021

Technology readiness assessment is a procedure for managing defense project risk factors based on the preemptive identification of technical risks. Under current regulations, technology readiness is determined based on considerations of the ratings of factors itemized on a checklist, whether unsatisfied factors have a fatal impact on the project, and whether countermeasures for unsatisfied factors have been established. However, objective criteria for assessing the impact of unsatisfied factors have not been presented, and thus, at present, the results of technology readiness level determinations are largely subjective. In addition, the importance of questions on the checklist is dependent on individual project characteristics and this is not considered during the assessment process. In this paper, we propose an improved technology readiness assessment procedure that considers the characteristics of each project. Using the proposed procedure, we quantitatively determined the importance of each checklist item using a weighting method. We found the devised procedure improved the reliability and objectivity of technology readiness assessment results. A case analysis of a complex weapons system is presented to demonstrate these improvements.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.321-330
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• 2022

This study attempted to establish an optimal multi-compound simultaneous analysis method that can secure reliable results for 15 - preservatives, 2 - sun screens and 1 - antioxidants of cosmetics using HPLC-PDA. Since the potential of hydrogen (pH) in the mobile phase affects the acid dissociation constant (pKa) of the preservatives, and the peak retention time shift and area change were observed. The peak separation condition was established by adjusting the pH to 0.1% H₃PO₄ addition (mL) when preparing the mobile phase. As a results of method validation, the linearity correlation coefficient (R²) of above 0.999 were obtained, and accuracy 87.9 ~ 101.1%, 0.1 ~ 7.6% precision for two types of cosmetics (cream and shampoo). It was found that the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1 ~ 0.2 mg/kg and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 2.0 ~ 4.0 mg/kg. In addition, it was possible to simultaneously separate p-anisic acid, a natural compound that was difficult to separate in HPLC due to the small difference from methylparaben, a synthetic preservatives. Through this study, it will be effectively used to secure quality control and safety for compound that need restrictions on use cosmetics.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.16-33
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• 2022

Purposes: Prompt evaluation of routes and contact tracing are very important for epidemiological investigations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To ensure better adoption of contact tracing apps, it is necessary to understand users' expectations, preferences, and concerns. This study aimed to identify main reasons why people use the apps, appropriate services, and basis for voluntary app services that can improve app participation rates and data sharing. Methodology/Approach: This study conducted an online survey from November 11 to December 6, 2020, and received a total of 1,048 survey responses. This study analyzed the questionnaire survey findings of 883 respondents in areas with many confirmed cases of COVID-19. This study used a multiple regression analysis. Findings: Respondents who had experience of using related apps showed a high intention to use contact-tracing apps. Participants wished for the contact tracking apps to be provided by the government or public health centers (74%) and preferred free apps (93.88%). The factors affecting the participants' intention to use these apps were their preventive value, performance expectancy, perceived risk, facilitative ability, and effort expectancy. The results highlighted the need to ensure voluntary participation to address participants' concerns regarding privacy protection and personal information exposure. Practical Implications: The results can be used to accurately identify user needs and appropriate services and thereby improve the development of contact tracking apps. The findings provide the basis for voluntary app that can enhance app participation rates and data sharing. The results will also serve as the basis for developing trusted apps that can facilitate epidemiological investigations.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.11-24
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• 2022

The average age of CEOs of the small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) in Korea is 58.8, and discussions are actively underway regarding the support towards the succession companies. Government authorities are also operating a system to support the succession companies, and recently global support is also being demanded. In order to have justification over the support for succession companies, the fact that it greatly contributes to the revitalization of the national economy and the regional economy must be acknowledged in advance. This study analyzed the degree of corporate succession revitalization of the national and regional economy through statistical and empirical analysis. With the purpose to secure the reliability of the analysis, the study has referred to the database of the "Integrated Management System for Small Business Recruitment Project" and the Korea Enterprise Data (KED), which can be the most differentiated aspect compared to the existing research of the past. According to the analysis, it shows that the old companies' performance is significantly higher than the general companies in terms of sales, number of employees, assets, and operating profits⋯etc. The management performance of the old companies (which lasted over 30 years) more than doubles the performance of the start-ups (with less than 10 years of experience) in sales, triples the number of employees, doubles the assets, and more than doubles the operating profit. Thus, it is seen that the contribution to the overall economy is significant. Additionally, as a result of the empirical analysis of the relationship between the regional old companies and the regional economic revitalization, the non-metropolitan area shows better performance than the metropolitan area in terms of the number of employees, assets, borrowings, and rent, which entails policy implications of the polarization between the metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. In other words, it is found that old companies make a significant contribution to revitalizing the local economy, suggesting that further policies regarding corporate succession are required to support the old companies in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.33-40
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• 2021

In this study, the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of anaerobic granular sludge at different heights of a full-scale UASB reactor (UASBr) were investigated. Granular sludge was taken from 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m above the ground level in the UASBr. The morphological analysis showed that the upper part had bigger granules and the lower part had rounder granules. The ANOVA test confirmed that the mean size and the roundness of the granules had statistically significant difference along the height at 95% confidence level, and there was a significant negative linear relationship between the size and roundness (r=-0.40, p<0.05). A SMA test using acetic, propionic and butyric acids showed that granules from 2 m height had the highest specific methanogenic activity. The EPS contents were also unequal to each height, with 2 m showing the highest content. These findings could be helpful to understand the different characteristics of stratified anaerobic granules in full-scale UASBr and maintain the reactor performance.