• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2008

The Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD) is one of important parameters for the most widely used method of organic pollution in wastewater and wastewater treatment effluent. As the conventional BOD test needs 5-day long incubation period, it is thus incompatible with real time control of wastewater treatment plant. To resolve this problem, in the present study an on-line Dissolved Oxygen(DO) monitoring system was used to observe the transient change of dissolved oxygen concentration in livestock wastewater. The system was composed of BOD sensor, amplifier and computer. It was observed that the concentration of the microorganism in the livestock wastewater was relatively constant during the growth period of initial one hour, which allowed the assumption of the constant Oxygen Uptake Rate(OUR) within one hour of measurement. It was thus concluded that the present scheme provided a protocol for automatic measurement of BOD in livestock wastewater, which can be applicable to optimal control of livestock wastewater treatment plant.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.407-413
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• 2008

Measurements of the peripheral dose were performed using a 2D array ion chamber and solid water phantom for a $10{\times}10cm$, source-surface distance (SSD) 90cm, 6 and 15MV photon beam at depths of 0.5cm, 5cm through $d_{max}$. Measurements of peripheral dose at 0.5cm and 5cm depths were performed from 1cm to 5cm outside of fields for the dynamic wedge and physical wedge $15^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$. For 6MV photon beam, the average peripheral dose of dynamic wedge were lower by 1.4% and 0.1% than that of physical wedge For 15MV photon beam, the peripheral dose of dynamic wedge were lower by maximum 1.6% that of physical wedge. The results showed that dynamic wedge can reduce scattered dose of clinical organ close to the field edge. The wedge systems produce different peripheral dose that should be considered in properly choosing a wedge system for clinical use.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.206-213
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• 2014

Nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen have been widely known as important source of algal appearance in eutrophic water. In order to prevent lake eutrophication, it is required to remove these nutrients not only presented in the lake water, but also released from the sediment. In order to solve this problem this study, the trivalent lanthanum ions and ammonia Nitrogen ($NH_4{^+}-N$) for the adsorption capacity of a zeolite support as it combines the lake water has dissolved in the nutrient removal, as well as deposits in the eluted in the continuously adsorbing the complex to develop and study was to inhibit the growth of algae. In experimental results, lanthanum complexes when the adsorption characteristics were evaluated $PO_4{^{3-}}-P$ and the $NH_4{^+}-N$ removal was confirmed that has an excellent ability, when it applied lake water the time of Chl-a and the turbidity decreased. In this study, these results suggest that the lanthanum complexes produced inhibitory effects on algae in the lake water is determined to excellent. Further, when applied to a complex of lanthanum in lake water to a standard 48 hours Acute Toxicity Method of toxicity were measured, and the results for the toxic effect was not observed.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 2013

Residual toxicity test to honeybee was conducted to evaluate an indirect effects on honeybee after planting hole application of systemic insecticides which were highly toxic to honeybee (Apis mellifera). In this study, It was applied three application rates in the planting hole by three systemic insecticides, dinotefuran GR, imidacloprid GR and clothianidin GR at planting time of tomato. Residual analysis of foliage was carried out after periodic sampling the foliage and investigated the effects of exposed honeybee on the tomato foliage. The honeybee mortality by dinotefuran residues on the foliage was shown almost 100% at 7 days after treatment and decreased 17 days after treatment. The maximum mortality of honeybee by imidacloprid residues on the foliage was 44 ~ 72%. But the effect of pesticide lasted for 18 days and then decreased. The honeybee mortality by clothianidin residues on the foliage was 100% at 7 days after treatment and decreased 14 days after treatment. A tendency of the honeybee mortality and residue in foliage showed a similar character as time goes by. The residues in tomato foliage decreased gradually after 14 days by vigorous growth of tomatoes and the toxic effect of honeybee was significantly decreased after 21 days in actual usage of the treatment.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 1986

A total number of 916 fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karsten grown naturally in Korea were collected to investigate the morphological characters and some other useful characters related to the quality of the fungus and the results obtained are summarized as follows; The host tree showing the highest parasitic rate by the Genoderma lucidum(Fr.) Karsten was oak tree and the parasitic rate of the tree was 86.2%. The order of parasitic rate of the host trees by the fungus next to the oak was peach, chestnut, persimmon and acasia. The size, shape and color of fruiting bodies were varied according to the host trees. The average size of fruiting bodies collected was 40 to 100 mm by 30 to 80mm. The fruiting bodies with pileus size of 60 by 45 mm, pileus thickness of over 10mm, pileus minor axis/stipe length ratio of over 0.65 and pileus thickness/pileus minor axis ratio of over 0.22 were considered having higher commerical values. The external shape of the fruiting body was very important criterion to evaluate the quality of the Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karsten. A great variation in characters such as pileus shape, color, marginal shape, zonation of pileus, pileus thickness, poroid layer of fruiting bodies and shape of stipe were observed from the fruiting bodies of G. lucidum collected in Korea. Further studies will be necessary for the genetic nature of these characters.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1988

Factors affecting the regeneration, reversion of protoplasts from mycelium of F. velutipes were investigated and the selection of auxotrophic mutants from protoplasts of F. velutipes was performed. PDP medium stabilized with 0.6M sucrose was suitable for the regeneration of protoplasts, and regeneration frequency was 0.47-1.32. The regeneration frequency of protoplasts was increased when nutrients were added to the regeneration medium. Especially, yeast extract was the most effective to regeneration of protoplasts. Regeneration pattern of protoplasts was formation of germ tubes from bud-like cells. 13-18% of monokaryotic strains was appeared from reverted protoplasts. Five of auxotrophic mutants were isolated from strains showed survival frequency of 1.9-16.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 1988

In order to elucidate the systematic taxonomy and genetic characters of Canoderma lucidum, cultural characteristics of the fungus were investigated. Mycelial growth of Ganoderma lucidum were favorable on oat meal agar medium, and optimum temperature and pH of the medium for mycelial growth were $30^{\circ}C$ and 5.5-6.0 respectively. Irradiation of white fluorescent lamp inhibited mycelial growth and critical time for inhibition of mycelial growth was 4-8 hours. Concentric zones and mycelial strands of Ganoderma lucidum was induced by irradiation of white fluorescent lamp and formation of mycelial sectors was influenced by nutrient source of media and irradiation of white fluorescent lamp. These characters were different among the isolates, but no relationship was observed between these characters and the fruiting body type of the fungus. Basidiospores were formed directly from the mycelium cultured on artificial media without producing fruit body.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2005

A bioequivalence study of CKD $Cefaclor^{(R)}$ capsule (Chong Kun Dang Pharm Co., Ltd) to $Ceclor^{(R)}$ capsule (Lilly Korea Co., Ltd.) was conducted according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty four healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the cefaclor dose of 250 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was a one-week washout period between the doses. An improved high-performance liquid chromatorgraphy (HPLC) analytical method with UV detection was used to determine plasma cefaclor concentration in human volunteers for 8 hr after oral drug administration. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 8 hr ($AUC_{0-8hr}$) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule. the $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_{0-8hr}\;and\;C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the cross-over design was properly performed. The $90{\%}$ confidence intervals of the $AUC_{0-8hr}$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for CKD $Cefaclor^{(R)}$ and $Ceclor^{(R)}$ were $0.9400{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}1.0345$ and $0.8858{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}1.1021$, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of 0.80-1.25. Thus, our study demonstrated the of CKD $cefaclor^{(R)}$ capsule was bioequivalent to $Cefaclor^{(R)}$ capsule with respect to its bioavailability.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.340-349
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• 1995

Effects of the zeolite particle size on the soil chemical properties and on rice growth was investigated on the pot with the loamy sand (Sadu series) and silty clay loam(Paju series) soils. All the zeolite treatments brought the increase of unhulled grain yield on the both loamy sand and silty clay loam soils. Unhulled grain yield increased with increasing the amount of zeolite applied and with decreasing the amount of particle size of zeolite applied on both soils. Unhulled grain yield increased significantly by 11.1% (22.79g/head) with 2ton/10a of smaller than $106{\mu}m$ size zeolite on the loamy sand soil and on the silty clay loam soil, yield increased by 9.3% (24.98g/head) with 1.5ton/10a of smaller than $106{\mu}m$ size zeolite. CEC, pH and contents of exchangeable cations of the soil after experiment were raised by increasing the amount of zeolite and also by decreasing the particle size of zeolite at both soil. At the heading stage, the zeolite treatments improved the growth of rice plant compared to control. The nutrient contents(T-N, Ca, Mg, K, Na), except phosphorus, in the rice plant grown on the zeolite treated soils were higher than control plot.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1981

Attempts were made to investigate the effects of the temperature and carbon dioxide concentration in the growing room and soil moisture after casing on the mycelial growth, sporophore formation and mushroom yield of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing. The growing room temperature influenced the mycelial growth in the casing layer after casing and the sporophore formation of Agaricus bisporus. The mycelial growth was the rapidest at $30^{\circ}C$ and gradually decreased with the temperature going down, while the sporophore formation and mushroom yield were the best at $25^{\circ}C$. The other factor which affected the mycelial growth and sporophore formation was the moisture content of casing soil. The mycelial growth was the best at 70 percent moisture, and the sporophore formation and mushroom yields were the highest at 60 percent moisture. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the growing room after casing had an important effect upon the mycelial growth in the casing layer and the sporophore formation. When the concentration of carbon dioxide was 0.16 percent, the mycelial growth and the sporophore formation were not inhibited. At 0.5 to 2.0 percent $CO_{2}$ the myceilal growth and the sporophore formation were severely decreased. The sporophore size of the mushroom was the maximum when the room temperature during the vegetative mycelium growth was $20^{\circ}C$ and the moisture content of casing soil was 70 percent.