• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.109-119
• /
• 1999

We investigated whether an aqueous extract of Chong-Myung-Tang inhibits secretion of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ $(TNF-{\alpha})$ from primary cultures of mouse astrocytes. Chong-Myung-Tang dosedependently inhibited the $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion by astrocytes stimulated with substance P (SP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been shown to elevate $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion from LPS-stimulated astrocytes while having no effect on astrocytes in the absence of LPS. We therefore investigated whether IL-1 mediated inhibition of $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion from astrocytes by Chong-Myung-Tang. Treatment of Chong-Myung-Tang to astrocytes stimulated with both LPS and SP decreased IL-1 secretion. Moreover, incubation of astrocytes with IL-1 antibody abolished the synergistic cooperative effect of LPS and SP. These results suggest that Chong-Myung-Tang may inhibits $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion by inhibiting IL-1 secretion and that Chong-Myung-Tang has a antiinflammatory activity in the central nervous system.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2007

Purpose: To investigate environmental enrichment and nerve stimulation follows in application times with the change of BDNF & Trk-B receptor in the motor cortex and spinal cord. Methods: Experimental groups were divided into the five groups. Group I: normal control group, Group II: experiment control group, Group III: sciatic never electrical stimulation after MCAO, Group IV: application of only environmental enrichment after MCAO, Group V: never electrical stimulation with environmental enrichment after MCAO. Histologic observation and coronal sections were processed individually in goat polyclonal antibody phosphorylated BDNF and rabbit polyclonal antibody Trk-B receptor. Results: In immunohistochemistric response of BDNF and Trk-B, group II were showed that lower response effect at postischemic 1 days, 3 days, and 7 days. Group V were showed that increase response effect at postischemic 3 days, 7 days and 14 days. Specially showed that the most response effect at postischemic 14 days. In neurobehavioral assessment, group V were significantly difference from other groups on between-subject effects. Conclusion: The above results suggest that combined environmental enrichment with peripheral nerve electrical stimulation in focal ischemic brain injury were more improved that the change of BDNF & Trk-B receptor expression than non treatment.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 2008

Neural stem/precursor derived from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has considerable therapeutic potential due to their ability to generate various neural cells which can be used in cell-replacement therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. However, production of neural cells from hESCs remains technically very difficult. Understanding neural-tube like rosette characteristic neural precursor cells from hESCs may provide useful information to increase the efficiency of hESC neural differentiation. Generally, neural rosettes were derived from differentiating hEBs in attached culture system, however this is time-consuming and complicated. Here, we examined if neural rosettes could be formed in suspension culture system by bypassing attachment requirement. First, we tested whether the size of hESC clumps affected the formation of human embryonic bodies (hEBs) and neural differentiation. We confirmed that hEBs derived from $500{\times}500\;{\mu}m$ square sized hESC clumps were effectively differentiated into neural lineage than those of the other sizes. To induce the rosette formation, regular size hEBs were derived by incubation of hESC clumps($500{\times}500\;{\mu}m$) in EB medium for 1 wk in a suspended condition on low attachment culture dish and further incubated for additional $1{\sim}2$ wks in neuroectodermal sphere(NES)-culture medium. We observed the neural tube-like rosette structure from hEBs after $7{\sim}10$ days of differentiation. Their identity as a neural precursor cells was assessed by measuring their expressions of neural precursor markers(Vimentin, Nestin, MSI1, MSI2, Prominin-1, Pax6, Sox1, N-cadherin, Otx2, and Tuj1) by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. We also confirmed that neural rosettes could be terminally differentiated into mature neural cell types by additional incubation for $2{\sim}6$ wks with NES medium without growth factors. Neuronal(Tuj1, MAP2, GABA) and glial($S100{\beta}$ and GFAP) markers were highly expressed after $2{\sim}3$ and 4 wks of incubation, respectively. Expression of oligodendrocyte markers O1 and CNPase was significantly increased after $5{\sim}6$ wks of incubation. Our results demonstrate that rosette forming neural precursor cells could be successfully derived from suspension culture system and that will not only help us understand the neural differentiation process of hESCs but also simplify the derivation process of neural precursors from hESCs.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2011.09a
• /
• pp.298-299
• /
• 2011

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.125-133
• /
• 2005

전세계 많은 나라들은 조제분유를 특수 영양식품으로 분류하여 관리에 각별히 신경을 쓰고 있으며, CODEX에서는 첨가되는 거의 모든 성분을 모유에 들어 있는 것이어야 하며, 또한 과학적으로 안전성이 입증된 것만을 넣을 수 있도록 규정하고 있다. 이 때문에 분유 메이커들은 제품 개발을 위해 많은 모유 및 우유 성분에 관한 연구를 바탕으로 하여 모유의 조성에 맞추는 노력을 하고 있다. 국내산 분유는 외국 제품에 비해 면역 기능 향상, 항-알레르기 능력 향상, 뇌와 소화기관의 발달 등을 돕는 성분이 강화되어 있다. 현재 생명과학기술의 진보와 각종 신기술의 도입으로 모유 및 우유속의 극미량 성분까지 분리 정제가 가능함에 따라 다양한 기능성을 갖는 성분들이 상품화되고 있으며, 이를 이용해 조제분유를 개발하고 있다. 두뇌 발달 성분인 DHA, 아라키돈산 등과 면역기능 강화 성분인 뉴클레오타이드, 락토페린 등의 첨가 및 정장기능을 보이는 올리고당 등의 성분강화에서 이제는 뼈 성장 ${\cdot}$ 발달인자, 아토피 및 알레르기의 감소를 위해 가수분해물의 이용 등의 기능을 보강한 다양한 제품이 개발되어지고 있는 중이다.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2008

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a protein plays a major role in the development and maintenance of central and peripheral nervous system. Recent data suggest that reduced availability of NGF may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic $polyneuropathy.^{1)}$ In our previous study, steroidal saponin from Liriope platyphylla showed neurotrophic effect by stimulation of NGF synthesis and activation of tyrosine kinase $signaling.^{2)}$ In this study, we examined the neurotrophic effect of Liriope platyphylla (LP); which was from Mylyang(MYL) and Cheongyang(CHE), and Ophiopogon japonicus (CHI) on in vitro and in vivo model for the comparison of their NGF induction. We quantitatively analyzed spicatoside A in the LP and CHI by HPLC. And we investigated the correlation between the contents of spicatoside A and NGF induction efficacy on PC 12 cells and mouse serum. These results suggest that spicatoside A may enhance NGF induction in animal model.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.126-132
• /
• 2003

Objectives:The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of venlafaxine, one of novel antidepressant drugs, on neurite growth in PC12 cells. Methods:PC12 cells were cultured with NGF for eight days. Then different concentrations($0{\mu}M$, $1{\mu}M$, $5{\mu}M$) of venlafaxine were mixed with cultured PC12 cells. After 24 hours and 48 hours of culture, we compared the effects of venlafaxine on the total length of neurites of cultured PC12 cells between no venlafaxine treated group($0{\mu}M$) and venlafaxine treated groups($1{\mu}M$ and $5{\mu}M$). Additionally, we studied the concentration-dependent effect of venlafaxine on differentiation in PC12 cells. Results:Experimental results showed that 1) the mean length of neurites in $1{\mu}M$ and $5{\mu}M$ venlafaxine treated group was more increased than no venlafaxine treated group(p=0.002). 2) the length of neurite in $5{\mu}M$ venlafaxine treated group was more elongated than $1{\mu}M$ venlafaxine treated group(p=0.046). 3) the length of neurite in $6{\mu}M$ venlafaxine treated group was more elongated than all the other concentrations in our experiment. Above $6{\mu}M$, the length of neurite was shortened in inverse proportion to the concentration of venlafaxine. Conclusions:This results suggest that venlafaxine, one of novel antidepressant drugs, promotes the differentiation of neuron. This study is believed to be a first step toward understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of antidepressant treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
• /
• 2001.04a
• /
• pp.34-34
• /
• 2001

열CVD법에 의하여 아세틸렌 가스를 탄소 원으로 사용한 탄소 나노튜브의 성장거동을 조사하였다. 닉켈 분말의 직경을 15nm 내지 90nm 범위로 조정하여 기판 에 촉매로 배열하였다. 탄소 나노튜브는 질소, 수소, 알곤, 암모니아 등 여러가지의 가스 분위기에서 증착되었으며 이들 가스의 혼합 분위기가 탄소나 노튜브의 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 증착은 대기압 압력하에서 85$0^{\circ}C$ 의 온도에서 이루어졌다. 순수한 질소 분위기에서는 탄소 나노튜브의 성장이 이루어지지 않고 두꺼운 탄소 층이 기판 위에 중착되었다. 이 조건에서는 탄소로 뒤덮혀진 닉켈 입자가 탄소 나노튜브 형성의 촉매 역할을 담당하지 못했다. 그러나 질소와 수소의 혼합분위기에서는 수소의 농도가 증가함에 따라 탄소 나노튜브의 성장이 증진되었다. 순수한 수소 분위기에서는 일정한 방향이 없이 꼬여진 탄소 나노튜브가 성장되었다. 탄소 나노튜브의 성장은 분위기 가스로 암모니아를 사용하였을 때 훨씬 더 증진되었다. 수직으로 배열된 탄소 나노튜료를 암모니아 분위기에서는 성장시킬 수 있었으나 암모니아와 같은 비율의 수소와 질소 가스의 혼합 분위기 하에서 는 탄소 나노튜브의 성장을 얻을 수 없었다. 이러한 결과를 여기에서는 닉켈 촉매의 표면에 과도하게 석출된 탄소의 촉매 passivation으로 설명하였다. 탄소 나노튜브의 증착을 위해서는 아세틸렌 가스의 분해율이 너무 과도하지 않게 즉 촉매의 표면이 과도한 탄소의 증착으로 수동태화 되지않도록 조절되어야 한다는 것이다. 이 연구결과는 분위기 가스의 조성이 탄소 나노튜브의 성장에 있어서 그 반웅 kinetics에 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 잘 보여주고 있다. 또한 암모니아 분위기에서는 촉매 닉켈입자 표면에 질화물층이 형성되어 탄소 나노튜브의 성장에 영향을 미쳤다는 것도 알 수 있었다.며 실제 가공업체에서도 터짐 문제가 발견되지 않았다. 결론적으로 표면층의 인장강도가 패션/구부림에 가장 중요한 변수로 작용하며 어떠 한 형태로 표면층의 인장강도를 향상시킬 경우 침엽수 펄프는 재생펄프로 대체가 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.하는 통계기법 중의 하나인 주성분회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주성분 분석은 여러 개의 반응변수에 대하여 얻어진 다변량 자료의 다차원적인 변 수들을 축소, 요약하는 차원의 단순화와 더불어 서로 상관되어있는 반응변수들 상호간 의 복잡한 구조를 분석하는 기법이다. 본 발표에서는 공정 자료를 활용하여 인공신경망 과 주성분분석을 통해 공정 트러블의 발생에 영향 하는 인자들을 보다 현실적으로 추 정하고, 그 대책을 모색함으로써 이를 최소화할 수 있는 방안을 소개하고자 한다.금 빛 용사 둥과 같은 표면처리를 할 경우임의 소재 표면에 도금 및 용 사에 용이한 재료를 오버레이용접시킨 후 표면처리를 함으로써 보다 고품질의 표면층을 얻기위한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 국내, 외의 오버레이 용접기술의 적용현황 및 대표적인 적용사례, 오버레이 용접기술 및 용접재료의 개발현황 둥을 중심으로 살펴봄으로서 아직 국내에서는 널리 알려지지 않은 본 기 술의 활용을 넓이고자 한다. within minimum time from beginning of the shutdown.및 12.36%, $101{\sim}200$일의 경우 12.78% 및 12.44%, 201일 이상의 경우 13.17% 및 11.30%로 201일 이상의 유기의 경우에만 대조구와 삭제 구간에 유의적인(p<0.05) 차이를 나타내었다.는 담수(淡水)에서 10%o의 해수(海水)로 이주된지 14일(日) 이후에 신장(腎臟)에서 수축된 것으로 나타났다. 30%o의 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 틸라피아의 평균 신사구체(腎絲球體)의 면적은 담수(淡水)에

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2008

Specific protocols to increase the differentiation of neuronal cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells have been well established, such as retinoic acid induction and lineage selection of neuronal cells. For the neuropathological studies, ES-derived neurons (ES neurons) must show normal physiological characteristics related to cell death and survival and should be maintained in vitro for a sufficient time to show insults-specific cell death without spontaneous death. When mouse ES cells were plated onto astrocytes monolayer after retinoic acid induction, most ES cells differentiated into neuronal cells, which were confirmed by the presence of specific neuronal markers, and the cultures were viable for at least four weeks. When these cultures were examined for vulnerability to glutamate excitotoxicity, ES neurons were vulnerable to excitotoxic insults mediated by agonist-specific receptors. The vulnerability to excitotoxic death increased with developmental age of ES neurons in vitro. Specific receptors for Neurotrophin and GDNF family ligands were present in ES neurons. GDNF and NT-3 could modulate the survival and excitotoxic vulnerability of ES neurons. The vulnerability and resistance to toxic insults, which are essential requirements of model culture systems for neuropathological studies, make ES neurons to a useful model culture system. Especially ES cell are highly amenable to genetic modification unlikely to primary neuronal cells, which will give us a chance to answer more complicated neurophysiological questions. Recently there was an outstanding attempt to explore the cellular toxicity using human ES cells (Schrattenholz & Klemm, 2007) and it suggested that ES cells could be a new model system for neurophysiological studies soon and go further a large-scale screening system for pharmacological compounds in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2001

This review discusses the effects and roles of insect hormones and insect growth regulators (IGRs) on vitellogenesis in adult insects. Insect vitellogenesis is regulated by hormones such as juvenile hormone (JH), ecdysteroids, and neurosecretory hormones (ovaryecdysteroidogenic hormone : OEH) released by neurosecretory cells, diet, and other elements(male specific protein of sperm fluid). In the fat bodies, the vitellogenins are synthesized by the stimulation of JH released by corpus allatum (CA) and ecdysteroids produced by follicle cells with the ovary in most insects. Furthermore, vitellogenins are released into the hemolymph, transported to the ovarioles by carrier protein, and incorporated into oocytes for the developing ovary. Of IGRs, juvenile hormone and its mimics such as methoprene and pyriproxifen appear to have pharmacological effects such as membrane lysis, destruction of salivary grand and midgut epithlial cells, fat body cells, and ovarian tissue, and also anti-juvenile hormone such as precocenes I and II appear to have specific cytotoxicity such as inhibition of corpus allatum and oocytes development. These results suggest that IGRs may be useful as agents for integrated pest management.