• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.468-473
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• 2024

Superficial radial neuropathy is a purely sensory neuropathy, usually caused by nerve entrapment in the distal forearm. We report a case of superficial radial neuropathy caused by the anomalous course of the superficial radial nerve, which was found to be spirally encircling the brachioradialis tendon in the distal forearm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an anatomical variant of the superficial radial nerve that causes neuropathy.

• Anatomy & Biological Anthropology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.151-158
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• 2018

The intervertebral foramen is formed by two adjacent vertebrae and an intervertebral disc. Previous studies examining the foramen have been performed using various methods. The author obtained characteristics of the intervertebral foramen based on silicon mold. The author used 18 cadavers and dissected the lumbar intervertebral foramen. First, positional levels of the spinal nerve in the intervertebral foramen were measured. Second, after being removed all tissues covering the intervertebral, bony foramen was filled with melted silicon to mold the cross section. Subsequently, the solidified silicon mold was removed and stamped on a paper. The paper was scanned and analyzed area, perimeter, height and width of the intervertebral foramen on a computer. Area (average, $9.43mm^2$) and perimeter (average, 48.02 mm) did not show any statistical significant pattern for any lumbar vertebral levels. However, the height and width significantly differed at the fifth lumbar vertebra, which had the shortest height (the fifth, 13.00 mm; average, 15.78 mm) and longest width (the fifth, 8.61 mm; average, 7.87 mm), although there were similar patterns in case of area and perimeter of the first to fourth lumbar vertebra. Height had a decrease tendency while width had an increase tendency both from the second to fifth lumbar vertebra. Spinal nerves went through near the intervertebral disc level from the first to fourth lumbar vertebra, although they passed below the disc at the fifth level. This study provides a different view of methodology for the 3-dimensional aspect for the intervertebral foramen. Results of this study may indicate that height and width of the intervertebral foramen changed along all lumbar vertebral levels; nevertheless, area and perimeter of the intervertebral foramen remained constant.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2012

Primary radial nerve palsy occurs in association with approximately 10% of humerus shaft fractures. Secondary radial nerve palsy, which is iatrogenic, occurs in association with approximately 10% to 20% of humerus shaft fractures. Whether the radial nerve palsy is caused primarily by the fracture or secondarily by the surgery, it is necessary to determine whether the radial nerve is being disrupted or compressed by the surrounding structures. This evaluation will dictate whether to await natural recovery or to perform surgical exploration. The current authors report one case of primary radial nerve palsy, due to the humerus fracture, and one case of secondary radial nerve palsy, associated with the osteosynthesis procedure. In both patients, the radial nerve was assessed for anatomical integrity with ultrasonography. Nerve disruption was found in one patient, and a sural nerve graft was performed. Nerve adhesion was found in the other patient, and neurolysis was performed. In both cases, the clinical results were satisfactory. This report focuses on the usefulness of ultrasonography in radial nerve assessment in patients with radial nerve palsy.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.225-234
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• 2015

Neurobiological approach helps to resolve the mind-body dualism and develop new assessment and treatment approaches in psychiatry. However, it could be a problem to place too much emphasis on certain aspects of neurobiology, specifically structural neuroanatomy, because of the complexity or comorbidity of neuropsychiatric disorders. Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), for instance, is generally related to problems in motor skills and this movement disability is often related to perception. One account, two visual systems theory, relied on functional distinction in brain; ventral stream is responsible for visual recognition, and dorsal stream is responsible for the guidance of actions. However, Studies are now showing that shape perception is relevant to visually guided action, such as reaching-to-grasp an object. In this article, I reviewed fundamental findings of two-visual system theory and suggested problems of visually guided action to consider what shape perception implies for the two visual systems. Questions raised highlight possible limitations of adopting a structural neuroanatomical approach to account for perception and action effects, and by extent related psychiatric conditions such as DCD. In conclusion, neurobiological approach converging to neuropsychiatry, while useful, would be limited if it focuses too much on anatomical distinction.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1993.06a
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• pp.233-237
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• 1993

본 논문에서는 패턴 매칭 방법에 근거하여 인식 단위가 음소인 음소 기반 인식 시스템을 구성하였다. 선택한 신경망 구조는 생물학적 신경망인 코호넨(T. Kohonen)의 SOFM(Self-Organizing Feature Map)으로 패턴 매칭 과정 중 cluster로 사용하였다. SOFM 신경망은 신호 공간에 대해서 최적의 국소(局所) 해부적 사사에 의한 자기 조직화 과정을 수행하며, 그 결과 인식 문제에 있어서 상당히 높은 정확도를 나타낸다. 따라서 SOFM 신경망은 음소 인식에도 효과적으로 응용될 수 있다. 또한 음소 인식 시스템의 성능 향상을 위해 K-means 클러스터링 알고리즘이 결합된 학습 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 음소 인식 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위해, 먼저, 우리말 음소들을 모음, 파열음, 마찰음, 파찰음, 유음 및 비음, 종성의 6개 음소군으로 분류하고 각 음소군에 대한 특징 지도를 구성하여 labeler의 기능을 수행하게 하였다. 화자 종속 인식실험 결과 87.2%의 인식률을 보였으며 제안한 학습법의 빠른 수렴성과 인식률 향상을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2009

Compressive neuropathy in the upper extremity can be clinically diagnosed by careful history taking, physical examination of the involved nerve. Electrodiagnosis for the suspected nerve informs severity of compression of the involved nerve and indicates specific site of the lesion. In the early stage of the disease, non-operative treatment generally cures the symptom, however, if the conservative treatment fails, confirmation of the exact site of the lesion should be preceded before the operation. Recently, ultrasonography, as a supportive tool for the diagnosis of compressive neuropathy has increasing popularity for its ability to find space occupying lesion, anatomical change of the nerve, and the pathologic change in the nerve itself. For the successful treatment of the compressive neuropathy, these various diagnostic tools have to be introduced in the orthopaedic clinic.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

동양달팽이속(Nesiohelix)에 속하는 종으로 한국에서는 유일하게 서식하고 있는 종으로알려진 동양달팽이(Nesiohelix samarangae)성체의 눈에 대하여 해부학적 및 미세구조관찰을 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 동양달팽이의 눈은 각막, 무세포성의 수정체, 망막및 신경망 등으로 구성되어 있는 바 가장 복잡한 구조를 보이는 부분은 망막으로서 이의상피는 2종의 원주세포로 구성되어있다. 그 하나는 광수용세포로서 세포의 상부세포질이 원추형 또는 피라미드형의 돌기를 이루었고 그 유리표면에는 긴 감간(microvilli)이 무수히 많이 존재하고 있으며, 돌기를 이룬 세포질 내에는 용해소체의 활성이 높게 나타난다. 또한 광수용세포들의 상부세포질에는 이웃해 있는 색소세포들의 세포질 돌기들이 여러개 침입해 들어와 있다. 그리고 핵 주변의 세포질에는 수많은 photic vesicle들이 군집을 이루어 존재한다. 다른 한 종류의 세포는 색소세포들로서 광수용세포들과는 달리 세포의 상부에 원추형의 세포질 돌기가 없고 다만 그 유리표면을 따라 광수용세포의 것보다는 굵고 짧은 많은 감간이 존재하는데 두 종류의 세포들에서 뻗어나온 감간들은 서로 만나 때로 파상을 이루고 있다. 망막 상피세포층의 기저막 아래에는 신경망이 컵모양의 망막을 따라 존재한다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.382-388
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• 1991

쥐의 교핵내에서 대뇌피질(또는 소뇌핵) 면면시 소뇌교핵계(또는 대뇌교핵계)의 연접구조의 변화에 대한 전자현미경적 관찰결과, 대뇌교핵계의 수입로 차단의 경우 소뇌교핵계의 신경섬유는 교핵세포의 원위 가지돌기쪽으로 발아하며, 소뇌핵 병변시 서뇌교핵계의 신경섬유는 근위가지돌기와 연접을 형성하거나 또는 여러개의 가지돌기 부속물들과 사구체형 연접복합체를 형성함이 밝혀졌다. 이상의 연구는 광학현미경적 관찰에서 언급된 대뇌피질(또는 소뇌핵) 병변에 따른 교핵내 신경종말의 밀도증가에 대한 보고를 뒷받침해주며, 소뇌핵 병변시 운동결핍증의 시간경과에 따른 회복에 대한 신경해부학적 근거를 제시한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 2000

Objective :The transoral approach allows direct view of the ventral craniovertebral junction and provides useful management of the various lesions of this area. We present a step by step guide to the performance of the transoral excision of the odontoid process in the cadaveric model. Methods : Ten cadaver heads were used in fixed or unfixed state. We describe the relevant surgical anatomy in the cadaveric dissection and surgical technique of transoral transpharyngeal odontoidectomy. Results : The surgical procedure of transoral odontoidectomy was categorized by six steps；soft palate, posterior pharyngeal wall, muscular structures, osseous structures, odontoid process and ligaments, cruciate ligament and dura. Conclusion : With anatomical knowledge of these regions neurosurgeons can deal with wide variety of lesions in the ventral craniovertebral junction.

• Anatomy & Biological Anthropology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.167-170
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• 2018

Axillary arch is relatively common variation of muscle in the axilla. There were several attentions on axillary arch due to its anatomical and surgical importance. During educational dissection, a variant muscle was found in right arm of 68-year-old female cadaver. The variation of muscle originated from the lateral edge of the latissimus dorsi muscle as muscular form. And then, it crossed the axillary artery and median nerve as tendinous form. Finally it became wide as muscular form and inserted into the pectoralis major. We reported this variant muscle and discussed its clinical significances.