• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.229-236
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the combined intervention of occupation-based intervention and computerized cognitive rehabilitation treatment affects the psychosocial function, cognitive function, and depression of stroke patients. 23 stroke patients were divided into experimental group(n=11) and a control group(n=12), and the experimental group and the control group received CoTras for 4 weeks and 30 minutes each, and additionally the experimental group received task-based intervention for 30 minutes before the start of CoTras. It was conducted 20 times for a total of 4 weeks. Self-efficacy scale, stress scale, depression scale, neurobehavioral cognitive status examination were used. As a result of the study, the experimental group showed significant improvement in improvement of self-efficacy, stress, and depression than the control group, and the experimental group showed a small effect difference in magnitude of effect from the control group in cognitive function. Based on this study, it is possible to utilize the simultaneous task-based intervention with CoTras to improve psychosocial function, depression and cognitive function in stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.526-537
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• 1999

In the paper. we propose an evaluation model based the adaptive fuzzy systems, which can transform the physical features of a color pattern to the emotional features. The model is motivated by the Soen's psychological experiments, in which he found the physical features such as average hue, saturation, intensity and the dynamic components of the color patterns affects to the emotional features represented by a pair of adjective words having the opposite meanings. Our proposed model consists of two adaptive fuzzy rule-bases and the y-model, a l i r ~ r ys et operator, to fuze the evaluation values produced by them. The model shows con~parablep erformances to the neural network for the approximation of the nonlinear transforms, and it has the advantage to obtain the linbwistic interpretation from the trained results. We believe the evaluated results of a color pattern can be used to the emotion-based color image retrievals.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.13-35
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• 2002

Lesch-Nyhan 증후근(LNS)은 hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyle transferase(HGPRT) 효소를 암호화 하는 X 염색체가 불완전해서 일어나는 유전적인 추제외로계(또는 기저핵)의 드문 병변이다. 출생시 LNS 유아는 정상적인 운동발달이 관찰되어진다. LNS에게서 현저하게 진단적인 특징으로 보여지는 운동심리적 행동인 self-mutilating 행위는 4살 이후에나 나타난다. LNS 아이들은 오히려 초기에 Rett's 증후근, 뇌성마비, 자폐, 다운증후근과 유사한 운동행위를 보인다. 그래서 LNS 아이들은 앞에 기술한 신경학적 장애로 오진을 받을 수가 있다. 오진으로 인해 초기에 적절한 치료를 받지 못한다면 LNS는 결과적으로 합병증(신장부전)과 self-mutilating 행위로 인하여 치명적일 수가 있다. 그러므로, 이 연구의 목적은 LNS 평가 동안 더 나은 진단을 하도록 하기 위하여 LNS와 관련된 기능부전에 대한 지식을 임상가들에게 제공하고자 함이었다. 연구 대상자는 10살인 2명의 쌍둥이 남아이었으며 실험은 뻗기 과제 수행(reaching task)시 움직임 특성을 보기 위하여 운동형상학적과 비디오 분석을 사용하였다. 기술통계로 분석 결과 움직임 시간과 단위가 증가됨을 보였고 사지의 분절적 움직임이 협응되지 않음을 보였다. ballistic과 jerky 움직임 양상은 dysmetric과 비긴장성 운동 행위에서 우세하였다. LNS은 추체로계 운동 장애 (과근긴장도나 저긴장도) 와 추체외로계의 운동 장애(dystonia와 choreoathetosis)의 혼합된 형태를 보였다. 결론으로 이 연구는 운동발달 장애를 가진 아이들을 치료하고자 할 때 임상가들한테 LNS 아이들의 움직임 장애의 다른 진단적 특징을 알아야 한다는 것을 제시하고자 한다.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between insufficient sleep and visuospatial memory in adolescents using a computerized neurocognitive function test. Methods: A total of 103 high school students (26 males and 77 females; mean age $17.11{\pm}8.50years$) without a serious psychiatric problem was recruited. All subjects were requested to complete a self-report questionnaire about weekday total sleep time and weekend total sleep time. The epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and the beck depression inventory (BDI) were administered to measure daytime sleepiness and symptoms of depression. Seven subsets of the Cambridge Neuropsychological test automated battery were examined to assess visuospatial memory. Results: After controlling for age, sex, ESS, and BDI, longer weekend total sleep time was correlated with poor performance on delayed matching to sample (r = -0.312, p = 0.002) and immediate recall on pattern recognition memory (r = -0.225, p = 0.025). Increased weekend catch-up sleep time was correlated with poor performance of delayed matching to sample (r = -0.236, p = 0.018), immediate recall on pattern recognition memory (r = -0.220, p = 0.029), and delayed recall on pattern recognition memory (r = -0.211, p = 0.036) after controlling for age, sex, ESS, and BDI. Conclusion: This study showed that increased weekend catch-up sleep time reflecting insufficient weekday sleep were associated with poor performance in delayed recall tasks of visual memory. This finding suggests that insufficient sleep during adolescence might produce a decline of visuospatial memory.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2004

The on-line games in the past were played by only two persons exchanging data based on one-to-one connections, whereas recent ones (e.g. MMORPG: Massively Multi-player Online Role-playings Game) enable tens of thousands of people to be connected simultaneously. Specifically, Korea has established an excellent network infrastructure that can't be found anywhere in the world. Almost every household has a high-speed Internet access. What made this possible was, in part, high density of population that has accelerated the formation of good Internet infrastructure. However, this rapid increase in the use of on-line games may lead to surging traffics exceeding the limited Internet communication capacity so that the connection to the games is unstable or the server fails. expanding the servers though this measure is very costly could solve this problem. To deal with this problem, the present study proposes the load distribution technology that connects in the form of local clustering the game servers divided by their contents used in each on-line game reduces the loads of specific servers using the load balancer, and enhances performance of sewer for their efficient operation. In this paper, a cluster system is proposed where each Game server in the system has different contents service and loads are distributed efficiently using the game server resource information such as CPU utilization. Game sewers having different contents are mutually connected and managed with a network file system to maintain information consistency required to support resource information updates, deletions, and additions. Simulation studies show that our method performs better than other traditional methods. In terms of response time, our method shows shorter latency than RR (Round Robin) and LC (Least Connection) by about 12%, 10% respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.445-455
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• 2000

Purpose: We evaluated the distribution of hypoperfusion in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the relationship of thalamic hypoperfusion to severity of cognitive and behavioral sequelae. Materials and Methods: Tc-99m ECD SPECT and MRI were performed in 103 patients (M/F=81/22, mean age $34.7{\pm}15.4$ yrs) from 0.5 to 55 months (mean 10.3 months) after TBI. The patients were divided into three groups showing no abnormalities (G1), focal (G2) and diffuse injury (G3) on MRI. Psychometric tests assessed 11 cognitive or behavioral items. In all patients, we evaluated the distribution of hypoperfused areas in SPECT, and in 57/103 patients, neuropsychological (NP) abnormalities in patients with thalamic hypoperfusion were compared with those of patients without thalamic hypoperfusion. Results: The perfusion deficits were most frequently located in the frontal lobe (G1, 42.3%: G2 34.5%: G3 33.3%), temporal lobe ($24{\sim}26%$) thalami ($21{\sim}22.4%$), parietal and occipital lobe (${\leq}10%$). Numbers of NP abnormalities in the cases of cortical hypoperfusion with or without concomitant thalamic hypoperfusion were following: the former $4.7{\pm}1.5$ and the latter $3.2{\pm}1.4\;in\;G1,\;5.0{\pm}1.1\;and\;4.8{\pm}1.2\;in\;G2,\;6.8{\pm}1.8\;and\;6.3{\pm}1.1\;in\;G3$, respectively. This difference according to thalamic hypoperfusion was significant in G1 (p=0.002), but was not significant in G2 or G3. Conclusion: SPECT in patients with TBI had demonstrated hypoperfusion mostly involving the frontal, temporal and thalami. In normal group on MRI, frontal hypoperfusion was more prominent than that of any other group, Furthermore in this group, SPECT could predict severity of NP outcome by concomitant thalamic hypoperfusion with cerebral cortical abnormalities.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

Objectives: Cognitive impairment in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients can be affected by sleep deprivation, anxiety and depression, which are common in RLS. The objective of this study is to investigate relationship between cognitive impairment and RLS in the non-medicated Korean elderly with controlling for psychiatric conditions. Method: The study sample for this study comprised 25 non-medicated Korean elderly RLS patients and 50 age-, sex-, and education- matched controls. All subjects were evaluated with comprehensive cognitive function assessment tools- including the Korean version of Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K), severe cognitive impairment rating scale (SCIRS), frontal assessment battery (FAB), and clock drawing test (CLOX). Sleep quality and depression were also assessed with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and geriatric depression scale (GDS). Results: PSQI and GDS score showed no difference between RLS and control group. There was no significant difference between two groups in nearly all the cognitive function except in constructional recognition test, in which subjects with RLS showed lower performance than control group (t=-2.384, p=0.02). Subjects with depression ($GDS{\geq}10$) showed significant cognitive impairment compared to control in verbal fluency, Korean version of Mini Mental Status Examination in the CERAD-K (MMSE-KC), word list memory, trail making test, and frontal assessment battery (FAB). In contrast, no difference was observed between subjects who have low sleep quality (PSQI>5) and control group. Conclusions: At the exclusion of the impact of insomnia and depression, cognitive function was found to be relatively preserved in RLS patients compared to control. Impairment of visual recognition in RLS patients can be explained in terms of dopaminergic dysfunction in RLS.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.12-25
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• 2003

Objectives：As increasing number of new antidepressants have been being introduced in clinical practice, pharmacological understanding has been broadened. These changes mandate new information and theories to be incorporated into the treatment process of children with depressive disorders. In light of newly coming knowledge, this review intended to recapitulate the characteristics of new antidepressants and to consider the pivotal issues to develope guidelines for the treatment of depression in childhood and adolescence. Methods：Searching the Pub-Med online database for the articles with the key words of 'new', 'antidepressants' and 'children' ninety-seven headings of review articles were obtained. The author selected the articles of pertinent subjects in terms of either treatment guideline or psychopharmacology of new antidepressants. When required, articles about the clinical effectiveness of individual antidepressants were separatedly searched. In addition, the safety information of new antidepressants was acquired by browsing the official sites of the United States Food and Drugs Administration and Department of Health and Human Services. Results：1) For the clinical course, treatment phase, and treatment outcome, the reviews or treatment guidelines adopted the information from adult treatment guidelines. 2) Systematic and critical reviews unambiguously concluded that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) excelled tricyclic antidepressants( TCAs) for both efficacy and side effect profiles, and were recommend for the first-line choice for the treatment of children with depressive disorders. 3) New antidepressants generally lacked treatment experiences and randomized controlled clinical trials. 4) SSRIs and other new antidepressants, when used together, might result in pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic drug-to-drug interaction. 5) The difference of the clinical effectiveness of antidepressants between children and adults should be addressed from developmental aspects, which required further evidence. Conclusion：Treatment guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of childhood and adolescence depression could be constructed on the basis of clinical trial findings and practical experiences. Treatment guidelines are to best serve as the frame of reference for a clinician to make reasonable decisions for a particular therapeutic situation. In order to fulfill this role, guidelines should be updated as soon as new research data become available.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.365-374
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• 2005

Pain has at least two dimensions such as somatosensory qualities and affect and patients are frequently asked to score the intensity of their pain on a numerical pain rating scale. However, the use of a undimensional scale is questionable in view of the belief, overwhelmingly supported by clinical experience as well as by empirical evidence from multidimensional scaling and other sources, that pain has multidimensions such as sensory-discrimitive, motivational-affective and cognitive-evaluative The study of pain has recently received much attention, especially in understanding its neurophysiology by using new brain imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography(PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), both of which allow us to visualize brain function in vivo. Also the new brainimaging devices allow us to evaluate the patients pain status and plan To treat patients objectively. Base4 on our findings we presented what are the new brain imaging devices and the results of study by using brain imaging devices.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.101-118
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of virtual reality game on old stroke patient's depression, relationship and life satisfaction. The subjects of this study were 40 stroke patients of over 65 years old and each 20 patients were randomly assigned in two groups. The study was conducted for 12 weeks. Nintendo Wii Sports Resort program was applied to the virtual reality game for the experimental group. In order to investigate psychological social factor (depression, relationship) and life satisfaction of the objects, BDI, RCS, LSI-Z were checked three times. The results are as followings. First, the psychological social change (depression, relationship) after the training program showed that depression is significantly decreased (p<.001) along with the intervention period in both 2 groups. Second, change of life satisfaction after the training program showed that significant statistical improvement were found both in control group(p<.05), and experimental group(p<.001). Third, depression, relationship showed the significant statistically correlation with life satisfaction(p<.05). We can conclude from the above that virtual reality games which were played by 2 persons had the significant effect on old stroke patient's psychological social factor(depression, relationship) and life satisfaction.