• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the most common dose-limiting side effects of neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agents that lead to decreased quality of life and dose reduction, delay or even cessation of treatment. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect and the underlying mechanisms of bee venom (BV) pharmacopuncture therapy for CIPN in animal models. We searched for the available experimental literature using BV for CIPN through the Pubmed databases. Ten experimental studies were finally included in this review. In the oxaliplatin or paclitaxel-induced CIPN animal model, BV significantly relieved pain caused both mechanical and cold stimulation. It was suggested that the effect of BV is mediated by the stimulation effect of spinal α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors as a potential mechanism. In the future, more experimental studies are needed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.209-212
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• 2022

We recently reported that Gastrodia elata extracts (GEE) had an effects to protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment in vivo model. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects and the mechanism of action of GEE in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced cell death of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell. The SH-SY5Y cells were divided into five groups, including control(non-treated group), 100 μM H₂O₂, 100, 200, 500 ㎍/㎖ GEE+ 100 μM H₂O₂ groups. Pre- and co-treatment with GEE prevented cell death induced by 100 μM H₂O₂ for 24 h in SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings also showed that anti-oxidants enzymes (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, Mn superoxide dismutase, catalase) were up-regulated by 100 μM H₂O₂. But GEE suppressed H₂O₂-induced anti-oxidants enzymes decrease in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with GEE also inhibited phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF-2α) and p38 by H₂O₂. Taken together, the neuroprotective effects of GEE in terms of recovery of antioxidant enzymes expression, down-regulation of eIF-2α and p38 phosphorylation, and inhibition of cell death are associated with reduced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells.

• Archives of Hand and Microsurgery
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.137-146
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• 2017

Brachial plexus injury is regarded as one of the most devastating injuries of the upper extremity. Accurate diagnosis is important to obtain the successful results. Basic preoperative evaluation includes simple radiography, cervical myelography. Magnetic resonance imaging, angiography, electrophysiologic studies and intraoperative studies. Furthermore, proper timing of surgery, surgical indication, plan and sufficient understanding of patients about the prognosis are the key for the satisfactory outcomes. This article provides an overview of the evaluation, diagnosis, intraoperative monitoring, and proper surgical planning for the treatment of posttraumatic brachial plexus injuries.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2008

Compression neuropathy around elbow and wrist are one of the common disturbing problems in the upper extremity. The understanding of normal nerve architectures and pathophysiologic changes in compression neuropathy is important to interpret the ultrasonographic images correctly. Compression neuropathies have characteristic ultrasonographic imaging features of flattened nerve at compression and hypoechoic swollen nerve with loss of fascicular patterns at proximal segments. Dynamic ultrasonographic imagings on motion can show dymanic subluxation of ulnar nerve and medial head of triceps muscle over the medial epicondyle in snapping triceps syndrome. Dynamic compression of median nerve also can be visualized in pronator teres syndrome by dynamic imaging studies. A quantitative measures of cross sectional area or compression ratio can be helpful to diagnose compression neuropathies, such as carpal tunnel syndrome or cubital tunnel syndrome. With the clinical features and electeophysiologic studies, the untrasonographic imagings are useful tool for evaluation of the compression neuropathies in the upper extremities.

• 전기의세계
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.553-561
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• 1985

지금까지 EMG신호를 이용한 보철제어의 역사적 고찰과 기술적인 고려사항, 실제적인 예, 그리고 전망등에 관하여 살펴보았는데 "근육이 세계를 움직인다."는 말처럼 근전도신호는 인간-기계 상호연결에 무한한 잠재성을 보여주기 때문에 앞으로 이분야에 많은 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. 더우기, 앞으로 몇년안에는 근육전기 제어(Myoelectric control)외에 신경으로 부터 추출된 제어신호를 이용한 신경전기제어(Neuroelectric control)도 가능하리라 믿는다. 특히, 근전도 신호처리에 관한 연구결과는 실제로 로보트제어에 기여를 하고 있는데 그 예로 Saridis의 연구결과를 들 수 있겠다. 그러므로, 근전도 신호처리에 관한 연구는 산업용 로보트 개발에도 크게 도움이 될 것이다. 최근의 첨단과학 즉, 전자공학, 컴퓨터공학, 제어공학, 반도체공학, 기계공학, 생체공학을 위시한 각 기술분야의 급격한 진보와 생리학, 체육학등 기초만 아니라 "Bionic Person" 혹은 "Artificial Man"을 가능하게 할 것이다.ificial Man"을 가능하게 할 것이다. 것이다.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.98-106
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• 2001

Auditory hallucinations are cardinal feature of psychosis. But the mechanism of hallucinated speech is unknown. The hypothesis that these hallucinations arise from pathologically altered brain monitoring system underlying speech perception is influential. With the help of rapidly developing neuroimaging study technologies, many researchers have been finding new organic deficits in the hallucinated schizophrenic patient's brain. In this article, we reviewed the general appearance of hallucination, a computer simulation model of hallucination and several neuroimaging study findings on hallucinating schizophrenic patients. In conclusion, we presented the presumptive mechanism of hallucination based on the anatomical dysfunction of schizophrenia.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2009

Hereditary peripheral neuropathies can be categorized as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN), hereditary motor neuropathies (HMN), and hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSN). HMSN, HMN, and HSN are further subdivided into several subtypes. Here, we review the most recent findings in the molecular diagnosis and therapeutic strategy for hereditary peripheral neuropathies. The products of genes associated with hereditary peripheral neuropathy phenotypes are important for neuronal structure maintenance, axonal transport, nerve signal transduction, and functions related to the cellular integrity. Identifying the molecular basis of hereditary peripheral neuropathy and studying the relevant genes and their functions is important to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of these neurodegenerative disorders, as well as the processes involved in the normal development and function of the peripheral nervous system. These advances and the better understanding of the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies represent a challenge for the diagnoses and managements of hereditary peripheral neuropathy patients in developing future supportive and curative therapies.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.207-218
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• 2019

It is necessary to investigate the efficacy of commercial Korean herbal medicine for cognitive disorder. The purpose of this study is to select candidates among licensed herbal medicines that are expected to be effective in the treatment of cognitive disorders and can be used in future clinical trial. From laboratory experiments, we first found individual single herbal drugs that could be effective for cognitive disorder, and then through experts recommendation, selected five priorities of single herbal drug and obtained the information of the best herb as a combination of each herbal drug. To derive the final herbal prescriptions, we searched the KFDA drug information system for licensed herbal medicines containing each drug and its combination. As a result of laboratory experiments and experts recommendation, we found that the five effective single herbal drugs for cognitive disorders. They are Ginseng Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Cyperi Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Hoelen cum Pini Radix, and Rehmanniae Radix Preparata(Pinelliae Rhizoma, Hoelen cum Pini Radix, and Rehmanniae Radix Preparata were tied for $5^{th}$). And licensed herbal prescriptions derived from the planned search are Palbohoichoon-tang, Taehwa-hwan, Bosim-hwan, and so on. Among these, in consideration of the feasibility of research and possibility of success in development, Yukgunja-tang, Samhwangjichul-hwan can be selected as future study subjects. Through experimental studies and expert recommendations, we have derived herbal prescriptions that can be effective in treating cognitive disorders from licensed herbal medicines.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.18B no.5
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• pp.305-314
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• 2011

Research into the visual perception of human emotion to recognize an intention has traditionally focused on emotions of facial expression. Recently researchers have turned to the more challenging field of emotional expressions through body posture or activity. Proposed work approaches recognition of basic emotional categories from body postures using neural model applied visual perception of neurophysiology. In keeping with information processing models of the visual cortex, this work constructs a biologically plausible hierarchy of neural detectors, which can discriminate 6 basic emotional states from static views of associated body postures of activity. The proposed model, which is tolerant to parameter variations, presents its possibility by evaluating against human test subjects on a set of body postures of activities.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5 s.372
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• pp.76-77
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• 2000

노벨상 1백년사가 배출한 3백여명의 수상자 중 여성과학자는 불과 11명에 지나지 않는다. 그중에서도 신경발육인자(NGF)를 발견하여 미국의 스탠리 코헨과 함께 1986년도 노벨생리학 및 의학상을 탄 이탈리아의 여성과학자 리타 레비-몽탈치니는 이탈리아의 파시스트정권의 탄압을 피해 침실과 지하 그리고 산 속으로 숨어다니면서 연구를 계속했다. 그는 "만약 차별대우나 박해를 받지 않았다면 노벨상을 타지 못했을 것"이라고 말하고 있다.