• Title/Summary/Keyword: 신경내분비종양

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Management of T1 Rectal NEN (T1 직장 신경내분비종양의 치료)

  • Kim, Ji Hyun;Nam, Seung-Joo
    • Journal of Digestive Cancer Reports
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.45-50
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    • 2019
  • Incidence of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) has increased tremendously over the decades due to disease awareness and widespread use of screening colonoscopy. Although NEN has been recognized as malignant disease, most rectal NENs are initially found as small mass confined to the submucosa, which can be removed completely through various endoscopic treatments with good prognosis. In this review, we summarize the treatment options focusing on localized T1 rectal NEN by comparing representative international guidelines and discuss current controversies on the management. We also discuss various resection techniques focusing on endoscopic resection.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors (위 신경내분비종양의 진단과 치료)

  • Soo In Choi
    • Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2022
  • The incidence of gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NET) has been increased with the improvement of endoscopy accessibility. The World Health Organization classified NET of low (G1), intermediate (G2), high (G3) grade and neuroendocrine carcinoma with poor differentiation by mitotic count and Ki-67 labeling index. Gastric NET are divided into three subtypes based on the pathophysiology, and treatment is determined according to the subtype and prognostic factors of tumor. For diagnosis, endoscopy with biopsy, endoscopic ultrasonography, abdominal pelvis computed tomography, and serum gastrin level measure are required. In general, type 3, size > 2 cm, deep submucosal infiltration, high histological grade, lymphovascular invasion and metastasis are poor prognostic factors. Type 1 or 2 without these factors are treated by endoscopic resection, and other tumors needs surgery. Endoscopic resection of early type 3 or type 1 and 2 tumors with poor prognostic factors still remains a challenge.

Atypical Thymic Carcinoid Tumor with Thymic Cyst - 1 case report - (흉선 낭종을 동반한 비정형 흉선유암종 - 1례 보고 -)

  • 정재일;김재욱;김승우;구본일;강윤경
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.35 no.8
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    • pp.634-637
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    • 2002
  • Thymic carcinoid or neuroendocrine tumor of thymus is a very rare disease and has poor prognosis due to frequent recurrence and distant metastasis. A 43-year-old man was refered to our hospital because of Rt. chest pain and tightness. Chest X-ray revealed $7{\times}8$cm sized mass on Rt. anterior mediastinum. Surgical excision was performed and light microscopic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings were confirmed as atypical thymic carcinoid tumor with thymic cyst. The patient has been followed up without recurrence or distant metastasis postoperatively for 3 months to now. We report a case of atypical thymic carcinoid with thymic cysts.

Oral Amelanotic Malignant Melanoma in a Dog: Melan A Immunohistochemical Findings (개에서 발생한 구강 멜라닌결핍 악성흑색종 예 : Melan A 면역화학조직 염색 고찰)

  • Kang, Min-Hee;Park, Chul;Park, Hee-Myung
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.612-615
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    • 2009
  • A 10-year-old intact male mixed breed dog was presented with a three-month history of massive oral mass. Physical examination revealed extending mass from the right upper gingiva. No metastasis was found at the time of presentation. Histopathologic examination of biopsied tissue from the oral mass was consistent with a neuroendocrine tumor with generalized epithelioid cells and few spindle cells. There were highly mitoses and no visible melanin granules with H&E staining. Immunohistochemical staining for Melan A was performed on section of tumor and was strongly positive. Diagnosis was made as amelanotic malignant melanoma based on histopathology with Melan A immunohistochemistry. This case study indicates that the Melan A immunohistochemical staining may be valuable to diagnose amelanotic malignant melanoma in dogs.

Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Results of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix (자궁경부 신경내분비암의 임상적 특징과 치료 결과)

  • Kim, Ok-Bae;Kim, Jin-Hee;Cha, Soon-Do;Choi, Tae-Jin;Ye, Ji-Won
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.124-129
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    • 2004
  • Purpose : To evaluate the clinical findings, prognosis and treatment strategy of patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma of cervix. Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma of cervix were included in this study, as confirmed histologically and immunohistochemically at the Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University, between May 1944 and October 2001. The mean age of patients was 56 years with a range of 32 to 78 years of age. According to the FIGO staging system, there were 5 patients with stage IB carcinoma, 5 patients with IIA, and 3 patients with stage IIB. Four patients underwent radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy, 3 of these patients also received postoperative radiotherapy, and one patient underwent extrafascial hysterectomy after radiotherapy. Primary radiotherapy was done in 9 patients, and 3 were irradiated postoperatively. Nine patients received chemotherapy, 7 received neoadjuvant and 2 received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The radical purpose of radiotherapy consisted of external irradiation to the whole pelvis (4,500 $\~$5,400 cGy) and intracavitary irradiation (3,000 $\~$ 3,500 cGy). Results : The mean follow up duration was 36 months with a range of 3 to 104 months. The overall 5-year survival rate was 61.5$\%$ and the 5-year survival rates for stage IB, IIA, IIB were 60.0$\%$, 60.0$\%$, and 66.7$\%$ respectively (p=0.99). Eight patients are still alive without disease, and all of the 5 patients with recurrence are dead due to distant metastasis. Conclusion : Neuroendocrine carcinoma of cervix is highly aggressive, with early lymphatic dissemination and a high rate of distant recurrence. Therefore, an aggressive therapeutic strategy Is required to obtain pelvic and distant disease control. Multimodal therapy should be considered at the time of Initial diagnosis.

A Case of Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Maxillary Sinus (상악동에 발생한 대세포 신경내분비 암종 1례)

  • Lee, Yun Jae;Jeong, Jin Hyeok;Oh, Young Ha;Ji, Yong Bae
    • Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.45-49
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    • 2019
  • Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare epithelial neuroendocrine malignancy and is preferentially located in gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Cases of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma have been reported in many other locations, including the thymus, gallbladder, prostate, larynx, salivary glands, nasopharynx, tonsil and mastoid. However, primary sinonasal large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma never have been reported in Korea. We experienced a case of primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from left maxillary sinus recently. A 82-year-old male patient presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. The biopsy revealed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with poor differentiation. After a general evaluation, the patient was staged as cT3N0M0. The patient was treated by combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We report this rare case with literature review.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Findings of Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors (폐의 신경내분비 종양의 세침흡인 세포검사 소견)

  • Koh, Jae-Soo
    • The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2008
  • The major categories of neuroendocrine tumors of lung are typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. The histologic classification criteria of neuroendocrine tumors are well documented in the "WHO Classification of Tumors" based on mitotic figures and necrosis. Cytologic characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors are trabecular, acinar, and solid arrangement of tumor cells and occasional rosette formation. Nuclear chromatin patterns are characteristically described as "salt and pepper chromatin pattern". Many of cytologic classifications documented in the literature are before the "WHO Classification". In this review, the cytologic features of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors are documented according to the WHO classification, and recent concepts of neuroendocrine tumors of lung are discussed.

Craniopharyngioma : Comparison of Tumor Characteristics Relevant with Initial Symptomatology between Children and Adults (두개인두종 : 소아와 성인에서 초기 증상과 연관된 종양의 특징 비교)

  • Park, Dong Hyuk;Park, Jung Yul;Kim, Joo Han;Jung, Yong Gu;Lee, Hoon Kap;Lee, Ki Chan;Suh, Jung Keun
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.30 no.8
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    • pp.985-991
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    • 2001
  • Objectives : The craniopharyngioma is a benign tumor located at least in part in the suprasellar cistern. However, the symptoms and signs from this tumor may be determined not only by the location of the tumor but also by its size and the age of the patient. The objective of our study is to analyze retrospectively the clinical manifestations of craniopharyngiomas with regards to tumor characteristics in children and adults. Material and Methods: Twenty-three patients(16 adults, 7 children) treated for craniopharyngioma between 1990 and 1999 were studied to demonstrate the relationship of tumor size, growth pattern, and its invasiveness with clinical symptoms. As part of the assessment, 16 adults(M : F=8 : 8, mean age : 43.7 years) and 7 children(M : F=5 : 2, mean age : 10.1 years) underwent magnetic resonance(MR) imaging and computerized tomography(CT) scanning with a three-dimensional volume acquisition sequence. Results : The three major cardinal signs were defined to increased intracranial pressure, endocrine dysfunction, and visual problems. The tumor size in child group was larger than that in adult group. Also, visual problems, symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus were more frequently observed in child group. However, endocrine dysfunction and neuropsychological symptoms related with hypothalamic connections to the thalamus, pituitary, frontal lobe, and other cortical areas were more frequent in adult group. Conclusions: In our series, the tumor size and invasiveness of craniopharyngioma revealed to be relevent with initial symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and visual symptoms which were more frequent in child group. As for the growth pattern, we did not find major difference between adults and children.

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Review of Radionuclide Treatment for Neuroendocrine Tumors (신경내분비종양의 방사성핵종 치료)

  • Jeong, Hwan-Jeong
    • Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.90-95
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    • 2006
  • Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) consist of a heterogeneous group of tumors that are able to uptake neuroamine and/or specific receptors, such as somatostatin receptors, which can play important roles of the localization and treatment of these tumors. When considering therapy with radionuclides, the best radioligand should be carefully investigated. $^{131}I$-MIBG and beta-particle emitter labeled somatostatin analogs are well established radionuclide therapy modalities for NETs. $^{111}In,\;^{90}Y\;and\;^{177}Lu$ radiolabeled somatostatin analogues have been used for treatment of NETs. Further, radionuclide therapy modalities, for example, radioimmunotherapy, radiolabeled peptides such as minigastrin are currently under development and in different phases of clinical investigation. for all radionuclides used for therapy, long-term and survival statistics are not yet available and only partial tumour responses have been obtained using $^{131}I$-MIBG and $^{111}In$-octreotide. Experimental results using $^{90}Y$-DOTA-lanreotide as well as $^{90}Y-DOTA-D-Phe1-Tyr^3-octreotide$ and/or $^{177}Lu-DOTA-Tyr^3-octreotate$ have indicated the possible clinical potential of radionuclides receptor-targeted radiotherapy it may be hoped that the efficacy of radionuclide therapy will be improved by co-administration of chemotherapeutic drugs whose antitumoral properties may be synergistic with that of irradiation.

Hepatic Pseudolymphoma Mimicking a Hypervascular Tumor: A Case Report (과혈관성 종양으로 오인된 간의 가성림프종: 증례보고)

  • Im, Bora;Jang, Suk Ki;Yeon, Jae Woo;Paik, So Ya;Park, Sang Jong;Kim, Hyuk Jung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.79 no.6
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    • pp.348-353
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    • 2018
  • Hepatic pseudolymphoma is a rare benign liver mass that is characterized by proliferation of non-neoplastic lymphocytes extranodally. To the best of our knowledge, only 46 cases have been reported in the English literature. We described the case of a 75-year-old woman with hepatic pseudolymphoma mimicking a hypervascular tumor. After the histological confirmation of the rectal neuroendocrine tumor, CT scan revealed a 1.0 cm-sized, poorly-defined and low-density nodule in the liver. On MRI, the hepatic nodule showed an arterial enhancement and a low-signal intensity on the hepatobiliary phase. On diffusion-weighted imaging, the hepatic nodule showed a high signal intensity on a high b-value. On fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, it revealed a high standardized uptake value nodule. The US showed the hypoechoic nodule and the US-guided biopsy confirmed the hepatic pseudolymphoma.