• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.113-127
• /
• 1996

To investigate the plant community structure and to establish restoration counterplan of forest area in Seoul, fifty six plots(each size was 400m$^{2}$) were set up and surveyed. According to analysis DCA ordination techniques, the communities were divided into six community, P. rigida community, Populus * albagladulosa community, Quercus acutissima community and Q. monholica community. The successional trend of forest area in Seoul was seem to Pinus densiflora, Robinia pseudoacacia, P. rigida, Populus * albagladulosa, Wuercus acutissima$\longrightarrow $Q. mongolixa, Q. serrata by analysis of plant community structure. Shanon's diversity was 1.1381~1.2694 and Soil pH was 3.18~4.76 in survey sites.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.81 no.3
• /
• pp.214-223
• /
• 1992

To investigate the structure of the plant community of Mt. Jookyup area in Kwangnung forest, thirty-seven plots were set up by the clumped sampling method. The classification by TWINSPAN and two kinds of multivariate ordination(RA, DCA) were applied to the study area in order to classify them into several groups based on woody plants and environmental variables. The classification have been successfully overlayed on an ordination of the same data using DCA. The plots can be classified into five groups by TWINSPAN and DCA. The successional trends of tree species by both techniques seem to be expected two ways in the canopy layer. The first is from Pinus densiflora to Carpinus laxiflora and the second is from Pinus densiflora through Quercus mongolica to Carpinus laxiflora. In the understory layer, it was expected that Rhododendron mucronulatum ${\rightarrow}$Lindera obtusiloba, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, Viburunum erasum, Styrax obassia${\rightarrow}$Euonymus sachalinensis, Sorbus alnifolia. As the result of the analysis for the relationship between the stand scores of DCA and environmental variables, they had a tendency to increase significantly from the P. densiflora community to Quercus spp. community that was soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.160-171
• /
• 2002

In order to clarify the species composition, distribution and habitat of the Korean wild Pyrus ussuriensis and P. pyrifolia communities, that are so expected as a useful resource plant, an investigation was carried out according to phytosociological method on Mts. Hambaek, Ilwol, Sobaek, Juwang and Gaya in Korea. In the present study, we made an attempt to elucidate the autecological characteristics of the wild Pyrus species by synecological approach. As a result, the forests including the Pyrus species were divided into the two associations and two communities, considering the existing vegetation units for the forest; Syneilesio-Quercetum serratae, Corylo-Quercetum mongozicae, Ainsziaea acerifolia- Quercus mongolica community and Fraxinus rhynchophylla-Pyrus ussuriensis community. Among the units, the Syneilesio-Quercetum serratae and the Corylo-Quercetum mongolicae belong to southern type and middile-northern type, respectively, in their distributional type. It is inferred that the wild Pyrus species are distributed preferably in the deciduous forest zone in Korea, compared to the other forest zones. In particular the Pyrus species are present alone or dominantly in only both the tree layer or subtree layer of the forests, reflecting their shade intolerance ecophysiologically. Thus they usually were distributed in SE or SW of slope aspect. Generally the canopy of the forests including the Pyrus species was so open. Species diversity of the vegetation units was highest in the Syneizesio-Quercetum serratae and lowest in the Ainsliaea acerifolia-Quercus mongolica community. The Corylo-Quercetum mongolicae and the Pyrus ussuriensis-Fraxinus rhynchophylla community are medium between the two.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.93-106
• /
• 1995

To investigate the forest structure in Ijontong Cholto area, twenty four plots were set up (each l0$\times$10m ) and surveyed. According to the analysis of ordination by DCA, community divided into 5 groups. The divided groups are Quercus serrata -Q. valiabilis community(I), Q. serrata - Pinus densiflora community(II), Q. mongolica - Lindera obtusiloba community(III), Carpinus laxiflora - Acer pseudo-sieboldianum community(IV) and Acer mono community(V). So the successional trends seems to be from P. densiflora through Q. serrata, Q. valiabilis, Q. mongolica to C. laxiflora, C. cordata, A. mono in canopy layer. And in the subtree and shrub layer, it was expected that from Rhododendron mucronulatum, Rh. schlippenbachii to A. pseudo-sieboldianum, L. obtusiloba. But some sites were likely to become Q. mongolica edaphic climax.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.764-776
• /
• 2015

This study aims to identify the structure of the plant community, and the ecological succession sere and the change in the forest ecosystem in Jungdaesa-Birobong area, Odaesan National Park_(i._e., located at high altitudes(over 1,000m)). It seeks to offer the basic data for the planning of vegetation management. In order to verify the status of the forest vegetation between Jungdaesa-Birobong, seventeen plots(size is $20m{\times}20m$) were set up as research sites at high altitudes. Importance value, distribution by diameter at breast height(DBH), the growth volume and age of the sample trees, similarity index and species diversity index of each survey plot were analysed. According to the results of DCA(Detrended Correspondence Analysis), one of the multivariate statistical techniques. It was found that the plant communities were classified into five groups: community I_(Quercus mongolica-Tilia amurensis community), community II_(Q. mongolica-Deciduous broad-leaved community), community III_(Q. mongolica-Pinus koraiensis community), community IV_(Abies holophylla-Q. mongolica community) and community V_(A. holophylla-Deciduous broad-leaved community). Community I which is dominated by Quercus mongolica and Deciduous broad-leaved communities is located at an altitude of over 1,300 meters(ranging from 1,335m to 1,495m), the community IV and V which are dominated by Abies holophylla are located at an altitude of under 1,200 meters(ranging from 1,115m to 1,175m) and the community II and III which include the main species of Quercus mongolica, Pinus koraiensis and Abies holophylla are located at an altitude of between 1,160 meters and 1,300 meters. The results showed that Quercus mongolica tends to have a higher importance value of woody species at a higher altitude while Abies holophylla tends to have higher importance value at a lower altitude. For the importance value woody species and -DBH class distribution, the communites I, II and III are expected to continuously maintain the present status. Whereas, for the influence of communities IV and V, Q. mongolica is predicted to be weakened. The age of sample trees was between 85 and 161; the average age was 123. The index of Shannon's Species diversity (H') showed heterogeneity was found among community I_(i._e., located at high altitude) and communities IV and V_(i._e., located at low altitude). As a results of analysing the index of Shannon's Species diversity (H': unit: $400m^2$), community III showed the highest diversity intex with 1.1109 followed by community II with 1.0475, community I with 1.0125, community IV with 0.9918 and community V with 0.8686. This study verified that the index of Shannon's species was significantly different by plant communities. For instance, when comparing the index of Shannon's species diversity in Quercus mongolica communities of this study and that of past relevant research, the value of index is very similar. However, the diversity index for the community which is dominated by Abies holophylla showed lower value when compared to the results from past relevant research.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.134-146
• /
• 1993

A survey of the Chundong valley forest in Mt. Sobaek was conducted using 20 sample plots of 500$m^2$ size. The classification by TWINSPAN and DCA, CCA ordination techniques were applied to the study area in order to classify them into several groups based on woody plants and environmental variables. By TWINSPAN techniques, the plant community were divided into four groups. The dividing groups are Pinus densiflora community, Qurcus variabilis -Q. mongolica -P. densiflora community, Fraxinus rhynchophylla community. The successional trends of tree species by DCA ordination techniques and DBH class distribution analysis seems to be from P. densiflora through Q. mongolica. Q. variabilis to F rhynchophylla. The correlation between the score of first two axes and soil pH, soil humus, soil calcium concentration, soil magnesium concentration was significantly positive in CCA ordination. The positive correlation between the score of first two axes of F. rhynchophylla community and soil humus, soil magnesium concentration and between ones of P. densiflora community and soil pH were calculated. But there is no correlation between species and environmental variables.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 1998

The purposes of this study were to investigate vegetation structure and to present management plan of mountain type green space in Kangwhado, Inchon. The actual vegetation in survey sites(11,331ha) was divided into 19 community types. It was consisted of secondary forest(92.32%) which was Quercus acutissima, Pinus densiflora-Q. acutissima, and Q. mongolica community so on. Artificial planting forest area, such as Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus rigida forest and others, was 5.40%(612ha) and it was less than cases in other cities in the Metropolitan area. According to the classification by TWINSPAN, 57 survey plots were divided into seven community types; P rigida(community A), Q. acutissima(community B) P. densiflora-Q. acutissima(community C), Q. acutissima-P. densiflora (community D), P. densiflora-Carpinus laxiflora-Q. serrata-Q. acutissima(community E), Q. serrata-Q. mongolica(community F), and Zelkova serrata-Acer mono(community G). From this result, ecological succession trend of vegetation in this area seems to be change from P. densiflora forest through Q. acutissima forest to Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, and C. laxiflora forest. It was similar to the ordinary successional trend of temperate deciduous forest in middle area, Korea. In addition, this study area was showed acid soil(pH 4.17). Therefore, there is a need for managing the soil environment for effective vegetation management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 2005

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Bubong to Poamsan, 16 plots$(400m^2)$ set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Three groups Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora community, Quercus variabilis-Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community were classified by cluster analysis. Quercus mongolica was found as a major woody plant species in the ridge area from Bubong to Poamsan, and partly in lower elevation was occupied by Quercus variabilis and Pinus densiflora. High positive correlations was proved between Lespedeza maximowixcii and Pinus koraiensis, Fruxinus sieboidiana and Rhododendron mucronulatum, Acer mono and Weigela subsessilis, and relatively high negative correlations was proved between Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and Fraxinus sieboldiana, Rhododendron mucronulatum Species diversity(H') of investigated groups were ranged $0.9066\~1.0821$, and it was relatively low compared to those of mountain ridge area of other national parks.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 2005

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Bubong to Poamsan, 16plots$(400m^2)$ set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Two groups of Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora community, Quercus variabilis-Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community were classified by cluster analysis. Quercus mongolica was a major woody plant species in the ridge area from Bubong to Poamsan, and Quercus variabilis and Pinus densiflora were partly occupied in lower elevations. High positive correlations were proved between Lespedeza maximowixcii and Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus sieboldiana and Rhododendron mucronulatum, Acer mono and Weigela subsessilis, and relatively high negative correlations were proved between Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and Fraxinus sieboldiana, Rhododendron mucronulatum. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups were ranged from $0.9066\~1.0821$, and it was relatively low value compared to that of mountain ridge area of other national parks.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.28-41
• /
• 1989

A survey of Hongryu-Dong and Chi-in district. Gaya National Park, was conducted using 40 sample sites of 500$m^2$ size. TWINSPAN classification confirmed a complex pattern of both local and geographical variation in the vegetation: Dry and wet community types. Within dry community types, two floristic assocation of Pinus densiflora were defined according to local variation. Within wet community types. two floristic association were defined according to altitude. Those associations can be further subdivided floristically into eight subassociation. The vegetation pattern presented by DCA ordination corresponds to one of TWINSPAN at the first two division. The DCA ordination was successful in separating Pinus densiflora from broad leaf forest. Ordination of samples produced arrangements reflectly environmental gradient of soil. The correlation between the first axe of DCA and soil moisture, soil acid, altitude, maximum species diversity and species diversity was significantly negative. The similarity index between each community was very low level.