• Title/Summary/Keyword: 식품보존

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The Production, Distribution, and Utilization of Rice in Japan (일본의 쌀 생산, 유통 및 이용 현용)

  • Inouchi, Naoyoshi
    • Food preservation and processing industry
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 2002
  • 일본은 기후적으로도 쌀의 생산에 적합하며 쌀은 일본의 주곡이다. 1893년 국립농업연구소가 설치된 이래로 쌀은 품질과 단보당 생산량이 꾸준히 개선되어와 116의 노동시간으로 생산량은 2.5배의 증가를 가져왔다. 이러한 진전은 재배방법의 개선, 비료, 농약, 재배기술, 기계화, 관개배수, 농지개량 등의 요인들로 볼 수 있다. 현재 일본에서 생산되고 있는 주요 쌀 품종으로는 코시히카리($35.5\%$), 히토메보레($9.7\%$), 히노히카리($9.0\%$), 아키다코마치($8.5\%$), 키라라($4.8\%$) 등 10여 품종이며 최근에는 형질전환 품종의 연구와 함께 생물공학적 연구 ,생리, 품질, 곤충과 잡초, 토양, 식품가공 등 기본적인 연구에 심혈을 기울이고 있다. 새로운 형태의 쌀 품종으로는 냉동조리쌀밥, 초밥, 레토르트룡 쌀 등 가공용으로 적합하도록 하기 위하여 아밀로오즈의 함량을 $5-15\%$로 낮춘 쌀이나 카레, 필라프, 튀김 쌀 등의 용도에 적합하도록 아밀로오스의 함량을 $30\%$이상으로 높인 쌀뿐만 아니라 곡립의 크기와 길이 등을 변형시킨 쌀, 유색미, 향미, 단백질 함량 조절 쌀, 거대 배아미, lipoxygenase 활성을 없앤 쌀, 단맛나는 쌀 등이 연구, 생산되고 있다. 일본에서의 쌀이용은 먼저 가공용 쌀을 들 수 있다. 밥, 청주, 스낵, 쌀가루, 미소발효 등 다양하게 이용이 되고 있으며 parboiled rice와 이의 색과 향을 개선한 converted rice, 현미를 이용한 가공쌀, 쌀빵, 현미가루, 세척미, 쌀국수, 쌀스낵, 당과, 죽, 쌀은 채소아 함께하는 타키코미고한, 초밥, 냉동쌀밥, 무균포장밥, 건조밥, 즉석밥 등 매우 다양하다.는 일, 쌀 재배구조 조정과 함께 높은 미질을 가지는 품종육종, 기계화를 비롯한 경작기술의 발달, 쌀과 부산물 가공기술의 개발연구, 특정기능을 함유하는 유전공학적 기술의 적용, 토지와 도시화 그리고 식량순환에 시스템의 개혁 등 과학기술을 고양하는 일 등을 들 수 있다.하는데 도움이 되리라 생각된다.=0.002)가 통계적으로 유의한 인자였다. 결론 : 본 기관에서 시행되어진 근침윤성 방광암에 대한 방광보존치료법은 기존의 근치적 방광절제술에 비하여 대등한 치료성적을 내는 동시에 $63\%$에서 장기보존이 가능하였다. 따라서 본 치료법이 방광암의 치료에 적극적으로 적용되어야 할 것으로 생각하며 향후 여러 기관이 참여하는 활발한 연구를 통해 한국인에게 가장 적절한 치료법을 개발해야 될 것으로 생각한다. B2+3, C1, C2+3군에서 수술달독군과 방사선치료 추가군의 골반종양제어율은 각각 $79\%$$75\%$ (p=0.88), $100\%$$100\%,\;44\%$$68\%$ (p=0.01)이었다. 전체 환자를 대상으로 다요인 분석을 시행한 결과 생존율과 무병생존율에 병기만이 유의하였고 두 치료 군에서도 역시 병기가 유의한 인자로 나타났다. 전체환자에서 골반종양제어율에 유의한 예후인자로 다요인분석을 시행한 결과 병기와 수술방법이 유의하였다. 수술단독군에서는 병기만이 유의하였고 방사선치료 추가군에서는 수술방법만이 유의하여 복부회음절제술군의 골반종양재발률이 높았다. 결론 : 본 후향적 연구에서 수술 후 보조적 방사선치료를 시행하여 수술단독군에 비해 병기 C2+3군에서 골반종양제어율이 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 병기 B2이상의 모든 환자에서 골반종양제어율 뿐만 아니라 생존율의 향상을 가져오기

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Acute Toxicity of Crude Anti-fungal Compounds Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum AF1 (Lactobacillus plantarum AF1이 생성한 조항진균 물질의 마우스에 대한 급성독성)

  • Son, Hee-Kyoung;Lee, Myung-Yul;Chang, Hae-Choon;Lee, Jae-Joon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.42 no.6
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    • pp.892-897
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    • 2013
  • We investigated the acute toxicity from a single dose of crude anti-fungal compounds produced by Lactobacillus plantarum AF1, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from kimchi, on ICR male and female mice in vivo. The test article was orally administered once to both sexes of mice. The mortality rate, clinical findings, autopsy findings, and body weight changes were monitored daily for 14 days. In the oral acute toxicity test, male and female mice were gavaged with four doses (5, 50, 300 or 2,000 mg/kg) of the crude anti-fungal compounds. The oral $LD_{50}$ of the crude anti-fungal compounds was higher than 2,000 mg/kg. No significant changes in general conditions, body weights, clinical signs, or appearance of gross lesions were observed. In conclusion, our results suggest a low toxicity and no-adverse-effects from crude anti-fungal compounds produced by Lactobacillus plantarum AF1 up to 2,000 mg/kg via the oral route.

Studies on the Storage of Fat-Containing Foods (I) -Effect of Storage Factors on the Rancidity of Fried Instant Noodle- (유지함유식품(油脂含有食品)의 보존성(保存性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (제1보) -보존조건(保存條件)이 인스턴트 Noodle의 산패도(酸敗度)에 미치는 영향(影響)-)

  • Chang, Hyun-Ki;Sung, Nak-Eung
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.18-23
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    • 1972
  • Fried instant noodles, manufactured on laboratory scale, preserved in sunlight, room temperature, removed package, at $30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and corrugated fiber board box to investigate the oxidative stability of fried products under a few factors of storage for 150 days. And obtained results were as follow. 1) Peroxide value P.O.V. and Acid value A.V. of fried instant noodles were increased slightly during the storage in orange color polycello package in the corrugated fiber board box in the dark room as shown in Fig. 1 and 2. They had not rancid odor and showed P.O.V. 18.8 after 150 days. 2) Preserving in room temperature removed package or with polycello package exposed to sunlight, P.O.V. and A.V. increased rapidly up to 100, 5 and they had rancid odor within 30 days. 3) Peroxide value showed increasing tendency on the storage at $30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and scattered light and rancid odor appeared from 90 to 120 days. 4) As peroxide value and refractive index increased, iodine value were decreased as Fig. 3. 5) In these test, P.O.V. is correlated with the organoleptic evaluation of rancidity however, they were not coincided exactly.

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Acute Toxicity of Lactobacillus plantarum AF1 Isolated from Kimchi in Mice (김치로부터 분리한 Lactobacillus plantarum AF1의 마우스에 대한 급성독성)

  • Lee, Hwan;Lee, Jae-Joon;Chang, Hae-Choon;Lee, Myung-Yul
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.315-321
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    • 2012
  • The $in$ $vivo$ single-dose acute toxicity of $Lactobacillus$ $plantarum$ AF1, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from kimchi, in ICR male and female mice was investigated. The test article was intraperitoneally or orally administered once to both sexes of mice. The motalites, clinical findings, autopsy findings, and body weight changes were monitored daily for 14 days. In the oral acute toxicity test, the male and female mice were gavaged with four doses (5.0, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 g/kg) of $Lb.$ $plantarum$ AF1. The oral $LD_{50}$ of the $Lb.$ $plantarum$ AF1 was considered higher than 5.0 g/kg. In the intraperitoneal acute toxicity test, mice were injected intraperitoneally with dosages of 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9, 2.1, 2.3 and 2.5 g/kg. The intraperitoneal 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) of the $Lb.$ $plantarum$ AF1 was >2.5 g/kg in the male and female mice. No significant changes in the general conditions, body weights, clinical signs, and gross lesions were observed in both sexes of mice to which $Lb.$ $plantarum$ AF1 was administered intraperitoneally or orally. The results suggest that the no-adverse-effect level of $Lb.$ $plantarum$ AF1 is estimated to be more than 5.0 g/kg in the oral route and 2.5 g/kg in the intraperitoneal route.

Antimicrobial Activity of Maesil(Prunus mume) Juice against Selected Pathogenic Microorganisms (매실(Prunus mume) 착즙액의 식중독 유발균에 대한 항균 작용)

  • 이현애;남은숙;박신인
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.29-34
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    • 2003
  • Prunus mume has been used for the folk medicine by many old civilizations to treat food-borne diseases or enteric disorders. This study was carried out to examine the antimicrobial effect of juice from Prunus mume against pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus. The juice of Prunus mume had the strongest antimicrobial activity to Sal. enteritidis. The concentrations of Prunus mume juice for the formation of clear zone were 1% for Sai. enteritidis(15.0mm), 3% for Lis. monocytogenes(14.7mm), and 5% for Bac. cereus(14.75mm), Esc. coli(13.45mm) and Sta. aureux(11.9mm). The growth of all tested microorganisms was inhibited apparently in tryptic soy broth containing 3% and 4% Prunus mume juice. And it was found that the Prunus mume juice showed the highest antimicrobial properties, followed by Sal. enteritidis, Bac. cereus, Sta. aureus, Lis. monocytogenes, Esc. coli.

Effect of High Pressure Processing on Freshness of Meat Products (육류가공품의 고압처리가 신선도에 미치는 영향 평가)

  • Hwang, Seong-Hee
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.272-279
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    • 2018
  • The high pressure processing (HPP) is a technology which can preserve the quality of foods, such as the fresh taste, incense, texture, vitamin content, and so on, by minimizing the heating process. It does so by applying an instantaneous and uniform pressure that is the same as the water pressure that is 60 km deep in the sea. HPP is a technology that can inhibit food poisoning and spoilage caused by microorganisms and is currently an actively studied area. In this study, we investigated the effects of a high pressure treatment (0, 4, 6 min) on sliced ham, which is a typical meat product, at 600 MP a were tested for their effect on freshness. Moisture contents varied from 48 to 69%, salinity varied from 1.07 to 1.11%, and the pH decreased from 6.4~6.5 to 6.1~5.15. However, there was no difference between the control and treatment groups. General bacteria stored at $20^{\circ}C$ after hyper-pressure treatment were found to have no significant microorganisms in all groups until 4 weeks. but exceeded $10^5$ in control group and HPP 6 min treatment group from 5 weeks, At week 7, it was found to exceed $10^6$. The results indicate it was not possible to ingest food in the 4-and 6 minute treatment groups. Coliform was not observed in all groups despite observing for a total of 7 weeks at $20^{\circ}C$ weight test. VBN, a method used to determine the protein freshness of meat, showed a VBN value of less than 1 mg% until the fourth week and a value of 1 to 2 mg% after 5 weeks. The TBA was used as an index of the degree of fat acidosis in the meat tissues. The results showed it was below 0.18 mgMA / kg until the end of 7 weeks; this value was within the range for fresh meat, and there was no difference in treatment group. In this experiment, deformation of the packaging material did not occur and no swelling occurred due to the generation of gas. It is believed that the basic preservation effect was achieved only by blocking with the air due to the close contact of the packaging material.

Monitoring of Benzoic Acid, Sorbic Acid, and Propionic Acid in Spices (향신료에서 유래되는 안식향산, 소브산, 프로피온산의 함유량 조사)

  • Yun, Sang Soon;Lee, Sang Jin;Lim, Do Yeon;Lim, Ho Soo;Lee, Gunyoung;Kim, MeeKyung
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.381-388
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    • 2017
  • In this study, we investigated the levels of natural preservatives of benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid in spices. The quantitative analysis was performed using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for benzoic acid and sorbic acid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for propionic acid. The sample was extracted with ethanol using sonication, then centrifuged and evaporated to dryness and redissolved to 1 mL with ethanol to use for the instrumental analysis. The analytical method was validated based on linearity, recovery, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). This method was suitable to determine low amounts of naturally occurring preservatives (benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid) in various spices. Benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid were found in 165 samples, 88 samples, and 398 samples, respectively from the total of 493 samples. The concentration of benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid were ranged at ND-391.99 mg/L, ND-57.70 mg/L, and ND-188.21 mg/L in spices, respectively. The highest mean levels of benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid were found in cinnamon (167.15 mg/L), basil leaves (22.79 mg/L), and white pepper (51.48 mg/L), respectively. The results in this study provide ranges of concentration regarding naturally occurring benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid in spices. Moreover, the results may use to the case of consumer complaint or trade friction due to the inspection services of standard criteria for the preservatives of spices.

Antimicrobial Activity of UlGeum (Curcuma longa L.) Extract and Its Microbiological and Sensory Characteristic Effects in Processed Foods (울금 추출물의 항균효과 및 첨가식품의 미생물학적.관능적 특성)

  • Choi, Hae-Yeon
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.350-356
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    • 2009
  • In order to develop a natural food preservative, UlGeum (Curcuma longa L.) powder was extracted with ethanol, and its antimicrobial activity was investigated. This ethanol extract showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillussubtilis, Escherichiacoli, and Staphylococcus aureus, and the resulting inhibition zones against the microorganisms by the extract (4 mg/disc) were 11, 10, and 8.5 mm, respectively. To test for further food preservation effects, solutions of the extract were added to rice cakes and noodles at concentrations of 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%, respectively. Microbial growth was less in the UlGeum ethanol extract-added groups than in the control group. In sensory evaluations, there were significant differences among the groups of rice cakes and noodles in terms of color, taste, flavor, chewiness, and overall acceptability (p<0.05), and the 0.5% added groups received significantly higher scores than the other groups. Furthermore, as storage time increased, the sensory scores of the rice cakes and noodles significantly decreased in all groups (p<0.05). These results suggest that UlGeum is effective for increasing the shelf-life of rice cakes and noodles.

Effects of Gamma Irradiation on the Content of Riboflavin in Egg Powder and Niacin in Chicken Breast (방사선 조사에 의한 계란분말의 리보플라빈 및 닭고기의 나이아신 함량변화)

  • Kim, Shin-Hee;Yook, Hong-Sun;Byun, Myung-Woo;Chung, Young-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.34 no.9
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    • pp.1459-1463
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    • 2005
  • Not enough data on nutritional change of foods by gamma irradiation are accumulated. It is known that amounts and digestibility of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are not significantly altered by irradiation treatment. However, among micronutrients, vitamins are known to be susceptible to irradiation. This study was conducted to investigate the change of contents of riboflavin in egg powder and niacin in chicken breast. By irradiation of 5 and 10 kGy, riboflavin contents of egg powder were respectively reduced to $80.18\%\;and\;84.80\%$ of non-irradiated sample, and niacin contents in chicken breast were reduced to $85.30\%\;and\;92.60\%$, respectively. These results suggest that the reduction rate by gamma irradiation seems to be lower in niacin content than in riboflavin, and the losses of riboflavin and niacin occur within the range of $20\%$ by irradiation of up to 10 kGy.

Effect of Onion on kimchi Fermentation (II) (양파가 김치 발효에 미치는 영향(II))

  • Cho, Young;Yi, Jin Heui
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.365-369
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    • 1992
  • To investigate the effect of onion on kimchi fermentation, the changes on the pH, total acidity and total sugar content of kimchi with the addition of different amouts (5%, 10% and 15%) of onion were measured and the odor and taste evaluation was conducted during fermentation at $14^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. As the fermentation period increased, fermentation rate of kimchi contained onion was higher in 5% onion and was lower in 10% and 15% onion than that of control kimchi, sensory evaluation score of onion kimchi was lower in 5% onion and higher in 10% and 15% onion than that of control kimchi.

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